Whirihoranga rorohiko - te mea ngaro o te hanganga ngota

I roto i te ngahuru o 1910 Ernest Rutherford, e nohoia ana e te whakaaro, mauiui e ngana ana ki te matau i te ā- hanganga o te ngota. Ana ngā purara o Arepa matūriki matū kanorau convincingly kï - he hakari i roto i te tetahi, a mohoa noa unexplored, te tinana nui ngota. I roto i te 1912, e karanga Rutherford reira he karihi ngota. Ko te pūtaiao upoko whakangahue ake mano o ngā pātai. He aha tiaki kua tenei tinana unknown? He aha te te maha o ngā irahiko e hiahiatia ana ki te whakarite i tona taimaha?

I roto i te Mei 1911, Rutherford, whakaputaina he tuhinga i runga i te hanganga o te ngota, i patanga te arai rawa nui e te pūmautanga o te hanganga ngota he pea ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i nga whaktauiratia o te hanganga ā-o te ngota me te nekehanga o matūriki i ako, e ko tona wāhanga hanganga nui. Ko te kupu i whanau i te whirihoranga irahiko - irahiko karihi o te tauira ngota. I waiho tenei tauira ki te tākaro i tētahi wāhi tino taonga i roto i te te ahupūngao karihi.

whirihoranga rorohiko - ko te tikanga o te tohatoha o ngā irahiko i runga i āmiotanga ngota. Ngā mihi ki te whakaaro mahira me manawanui Ernest Rutherford, ko wai i taea ki te tiaki i tona whakaaro, kua pūtaiao kua taonga ki te matauranga hou, te faufaa o e taea kore te amuitahiraa.

Ko te whirihoranga hiko o te ngota ko. I roto i te pokapū o te hanganga katoa tikanga te he matua arā, o te rauemi rerekē mō te nui i ia o ngā iramoe me ngā iraoho. A he tika ki te pai tenei tiaki o te karihi. A tawhio noa te reira neke āmiotanga concentric hāngai irahiko - tōraro whakatupato matūriki timatanga. e karangatia hoki enei āmiotanga ngota anga. huaina te ohuraa waho o te ngota e te honohono,. He maha o irahiko i runga taua mea - valency.

Ia whirihoranga hiko o nga mea timatanga rerekē te maha o ngā irahiko i roto i reira. Hei tauira, he mea tino māmā i roto i te ao - e rua tekau e ono irahiko waru me hiko whirihoranga rino - hauwai - kei roto i tetahi anake irahiko kotahi, te hāora ngota,.

e kore Otiia hira ki te tauira rorohiko o te ngota ko te maha o ngā irahiko, me aha e pupuri ana huihui ratou, a ai te pūnaha ki te mahi tika - te karihi, me tona hanganga. E horo'a te reira taonga matua huru maitatai takitahi me ngā āhuatanga. Irahiko ētahi wā waiho tauira ngota, a ka riro ngota he tiaki pai (e tika ana ki te tiaki karihi). I roto i tenei take, e kore e te taonga huri ona āhuatanga. Otiia, ki te huri koe i te hanganga o te karihi, ka waiho i te reira tino i te mea rerekē ki 'ulungaanga rerekē. Hanga uaua reira, engari tonu taea.

Mai kore te mea taea te whirihoranga irahiko kahore tona huānga hanganga matua - te karihi ngota, kia fakamamafai reira. Ko tenei āhuatanga pokapū o te tauira ngota hanga āhuatanga takitahi me te āhuatanga o tetahi matū. Iraoho, e te hunga, i roto i te hono mo'oní, hoatu te matua he tiaki pai 1840 wa taimaha ake i tetahi o te irahiko. Ko te mana o te iraoho atu tenei rite ki taua o tetahi o te irahiko. I roto i te āhua o te toenga o te maha o ngā iraoho i roto i tētahi ngota ko te maha o ngā irahiko. I roto i tenei take, ko te matua ko te kawe o te tiaki kore.

Ko tētahi atu matūriki nui i huaina he iramoe o te karihi ngota. Ko tenei huānga e kore nei e whai i te ako, i hanga taea te tauhohenga mekameka karihi. Na ki te pe si◊aki te uara o te iramoe e taea noa.