Yeasts he harore o te tari? Rewena: hanganga, momo

He aha te rewena - he mushroom, e matau ana koutou, pea tokomaha. Na te aha tatou e nehenehe e mea e pā ana ki te raraunga whakarōpū heke mai o ngā māngai o te rangatiratanga? Kei te mohiotia te reira e rewena he harore Division Ascomycetes me Basidiomycetes. He aha te tikanga o tenei? Kia tamata o ki te matau tahi.

Rewena - harore

Na te harore pūtau-tahi. Kua ngaro ratou i te mycelium rite ki te hua o ngā tukanga kunenga whakapono te ki hei i roto i te hononga ki te whakawhitinga ki te ora i roto i substrates wai e te hunga taonga i roto i te mea organic me he tino pai mo te ora o enei rauropi. rewena Tapeke e reira ki runga ki te mano momo. yeasts katoa - harore rauropi pūtau.

āhuatanga

Kotahi pūtau tawhiti tae enei harore ki 7 microns te whānui, engari etahi tupu ake ki te 40 um. Heoi, i whai ahua tonu etahi rewena i runga i nga wāhanga o te huringa ora o te mycelium, a i roto i ētahi wā - me te tinana fruiting. I tēnei wā, hei tauira, rewena a kaihanga taro, ko te genome eukaryotic tuatahi kua oti nei te tāutuhia, ka decoded.

He bit o hītori

Rewena - harore, "rata" i te tangata, a mo etahi wa tino. E roa ratou, no te mano o nga tau, e whakamahia ana mō ngā take tunu: tunu, FERMENTATION, te hanga tikanga. Kua i Ihipa tahito, i reira nga bakeries, me te mārama i kitea te whakamahi o te rewena. A i roto i te tahi mau whenua, i roto i nga wa onamata, me keke rewenakore (hei tauira matzo pita ranei taro) e whiwhi rongonui, me te hanga parāoa rewena. rewena o Brewer kua mohiotia ki nga Ihipiana i neke atu i te ono mano nga tau ki muri, a ki te awhina o enei rauropi, tunua iwi tenei inu foamy.

Ko reira ngā e te rīriri hou i roto i te maha pāmu o tawhito whakamahia nga toenga o te tawhito. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki pūtaiao, puta reira kihai i momo rewena tupuranga kitea i roto i te mohoao. He tokomaha whakapono etahi momo o hua rewena anake mahi a te tangata (hei tauira, ngā momo o pata ngakia: witi, rai, me te tahi atu).

zymology

Na ko te pūtaiao e whakaahua ana me Akoranga te ora me te mahi o enei rauropi. Yeasts he harore, i tawhiti tuatahi ratou ahurea parakore i roto i 1881 i roto i Denmark, a i roto i 1883 i whakamahia kua reira mo te hanga o te pia. I te mutunga o te rau tau 19 i hanga te whakarōpū o rewena, a i roto i te rau tau 20, i reira he kohikohinga me whakatakoto o ngā ahurea pai-mohiotia. Yeasts he harore wehenga Ascomycota noa te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga. Scientists mau ratou huringa uri, generalizing rite te rōpū taxonomic (harore marsupials). Otiia i roto i Japan, tetahi o nga pūtaiao uri piri a Basidiomycetes rewena. Ko te kupu, mutu nga tohunga e te harore rewena (whakaahua i raro nei) i hanga e i roto i te akoranga o te kunenga takitahi i roto i nga wehenga e rua o te kingitanga (ascomycetes me basidiomycetes). Ko te raraunga whakapumautia me rāpoi kaiao rangahau koiora. e kore e ratou te taxon, a, te nuinga pea, he puka ora motuhake.

Ascomycetes me basidiomycetes

Ko te kupu, no harore rewena ki te ascomycetes tari me basidiomycetes (ranei tari rerekē kaua, ki te rua). Katoa o ratou - Subkingdom teitei harore. Ka taea e ratou te wehewehe i te āhuatanga me ngā mataora o etahi atu tohu: i roto i o DNA, te aroaro o te urease takirua. Ascomycetes, marsupials ranei harore - rawa he tari whānui, e ngā ake ki te toru tekau mano momo (i te ara, no te truffles rongonui ki tenei tari, me te morels me rārangi). I roto i te katoa - me te rewena, e kua whakaaro e aivanaa mo te rua o nga kaiao pūtau-tahi.

noho

Tikanga, ora enei rauropi i roto i nga wahi e he taonga i roto i te huka - substrates i runga i te mata o hua me hua, rau. Ka taea e kai ratou kai o mahi tipu: waihonga, secretions, maru ia he inu. Kaua e vahavaha nei me te phytomass mate. Ka taea e ora i roto i te oneone, me te amo i papatipu organic me tūturu wai. e kitea i roto i nga whekau o pepeke e kai te rakau ētahi yeasts. He maha rewena me i nga rau, e kua patua e aphids.

tono

roa kua ētahi momo o ngā ahurea rewena i roto i te tono i roto i te tunu kai, tunu, me te hanga o te waipiro Māturu. e kore e taea te mahi i Kvass, taro, pia, me te waina, kahore enei kaiawhina iti. E mohiotia katoa o enei ki te taata nei mo te wa roa, te harore rewena he ascomycetes tari. Hoki te hanga o te waipiro pakeke whai wāhi ratou i roto i te Māturu i te wā o te FERMENTATION. Na etahi ahurea rewena whakamahia i roto i te whānuitanga o te koiora whānui: hanga o kora me tāpiritanga kai me whākōkī. He pūtaiao e whakamahia ratou rite ahurea whakamātautau mō te rangahau iranga.

yeast cerevisiae

• Ko te tunu ahurea whakamahia yeast cerevisiae, mohiotia rite rewena o kaihanga taro. hua ratou rewena waipiro āhua, whakarei ake te hā, me te kakara o nga hua taro (waipiro, i muri, evaporates i roto i te tukanga tunu). I tua atu, te hauhā i hanga i roto i te taimaha ai te pokepoke ki te whakatika, hoatu porosity whakamātautau me te whenu.
• I roto i te natura, i roto i te hua karepe fakanatula whakawhanake ahurea rewena, e he kitea rite tohu te repa. Ko whakaaro te rewena waina pono te ki kia yeast cerevisiae, e kua kitea i roto i te tautau, ko tino onge. Ko tenei momo, me te te whakamahia te nuinga mō te hanga waina kararehe. Ka rite ki te hua o te tukatuka o te huka i te rewena i roto i roto i te wai karepe, te waihā hua me te rewena i roto i te nekehanga amplification - mate. i raro te FERMENTATION piari waina rite-mo toutou tāpiri i te ahurea o te rewena.
• I roto i te kōpiro te whakamahi i purapura germinated o parei (morota), me te rewena, me te fermenting raro. Ko te morota he whenua, kohuatia, i konatunatua ki te wai, me te rewena te whakamahi i yeast cerevisiae, etahi atu momo o te rewena ranei. Kvass hua e pā ana ki te taua, engari i tua atu i rewena whakamahia ake me lactic huakita waikawa.
• Te rewena i runga, whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te ōhanga motu, no ki te tikanga o Ascomycetes harore. Na feohi inu rongonui o te rewena me te huakita, mo te tauira, kombucha ranei mushroom Tibet. E ratou maha ngā āhuatanga painga mo te tinana tangata, me te whakamahi auau o enei inu faaara momo katoa o mate gastrointestinal me ētahi atu whekau.