Āhua kingitanga waipēhi. Ko te ngako me te peculiarities

Kia pehea te hanga e te āhua tuatahi? Ko kahore whakaaro tenei. whakaaro hītori he maha o putanga rerekē. Ko tētahi o ratou ko te kingitanga waipēhi State o takenga. He aha te mea te ngako o te mea?

He aha te mea te āhua?

Organization ki te mana tōrangapū, huarahi motuhake o te mana, tųkinotanga, mana, ka karanga te kāwanatanga. Ko te ariā ngā te rohe motuhake, me ona rohe, me te taupori e noho ana i roto i tenei rohe.

kāmataga te reira i te putanga o te āhua tuatahi ko reira tino uaua. Tahi mau aivanaa, mo te tauira, whakapono e kua vai nga wa katoa ratou. Katoa tau i reira he kitenga hou i roto i te mara o te hia kē me te whaipara, e arata'i ki te putanga o ariā hou i roto i tenei mea. Ko te kupu hoki kua hanga i te irrigation ariā o te takenga o te kāwanatanga, me te organic, patereareha, hinengaro ariā o te tutu me ētahi atu.

Ko te whakaaro matua o te nuinga o nga whakapae, ko e hua i te hanganga o te kāwanatanga i roto i ngā rerekētanga i roto i te hapori. Ko te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha production pā te tikanga pāpori. Social whanaungatanga i waenganui i te iwi huri, puta ōritenga. Te hanga atu taepū, te nui te ōritenga ai reira.

kingitanga waipēhi

Kaituhi o te ariā ko te tumu kōrero, sociologist me sinologist Karl Wittfogel. Ko te pūtaiao ko te mema o te German Party Communist, a he hiahia i roto i Marxism, na kingitanga waipēhi nuinga whakaata ana tenei whakaaro. Wittfogel tona whakapae hono ki te faaiteraa o te despotism.

Ko te ngako o te ariā he irrigation i te hanga o te huarahi motuhake e te mana i te rere, me te tohatoha o te wai i roto i etahi wāhi. I roto i ngā wāhi maroke o whakaurunga kia tohatoha wai taurite te i roto i te maku, ki runga ki te anga ke, ki te pehi te whakamahi i pana wai me pāpuni. E ai ki te kaituhi o te ariā, ko reira te ara tino pai o pāmu i roto i te hapori mua-ahumahi.

I roto i tenei take, whakatika te āhua i roto i te huru e tika ana ki te ngaki me te whakarite i te mahi tahi. Whakamahia me tiaki o ngā pūnaha hawai e rapu he rota o ruruku o te hapori katoa. Ki te mahi i tenei, me mau tonu i te rōpū iti o functionaries mana o te kai-.

Waipēhi kingitanga: pai me ngā raruraru

Wittfogel ariā, rite etahi, kua he maha o kai e whakamatau turaki tona taea ranei.

Ka rite ki te āhuatanga pai kia whakahuatia he taea ariā o tenei whakapae. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i nga meka mua mohiotia. ka whakatika nga āhua tuatahi i roto i raorao awa, a whakamahia ngā pūnaha hawai mo te maara o kai. Ko te āhua onamata tino rongonui ko raumati, Papurona, tawhito Ihipa ko China.

kingitanga waipēhi te nuinga pā anake te whānuitanga kuiti o nga āhua rawhiti, whakanohoia i roto i te awaawa awa. Anake i reira ko tetahi whakamahi kouma o te irrigation. e kore e whakaoti te reira i te raruraru o te putanga o te steppe maunga āhua ranei, kia taea tatou te kōrero e pā ana ki te ariā rohe.

Ko te mate, ko te elucidation o te take e whāriki ana. I roto i te whai whakaaro i te ariā whakaara ake te reira i te pātai o te mea i tupu i mua i: te whakatūnga o te kāwanatanga ki te hiahia mo te ahuwhenua, te whakaaro o te pūnaha irrigation, e tika ana ki nei i reira ko te hiahia i roto i te āhua ranei.

Āhuatanga Irrigation State

He fakaaoao hinonga rua, te wahi e hua te matenga i runga i te kaha mutunga. Irrigation tā te ariā Wittfogel takanga mahuinga despotism mā te whakahaere hanganga. ka pea ki te mahi i roto i te āhua taua kia takoha. Functionaries, kaiwhakahaere arā, i roto i te tahuri, ka taea ki te whakatutuki i te mana teitei i runga i te taupori.

Ko tētahi o nga mau hopearaa o te pūnaha taua ko te putanga o te mahi tohunga, me o ngā hāngaitanga ki te tohunga. tai Time, kua takoto wā whakatō i te tikanga o ngā kitenga arorangi me ngā maramataka. I roto i taua mau huru oraraa, he anake te "marama", e tika ana ki te tona mana me te mana i runga i ētahi atu iwi i te tohunga.

mutunga te kaituhi e i roto i te āhua taua e kore e taea e te pakanga piha ranei rangatira rawa nui, mai i rawa mongamonga te hanganga pule me tata kahore mana hapori. Ko te tohu o te haere noa o te piki taupori, ahakoa paku anake, ki te kaha o te kāwanatanga.