Zhelyabov Andrei Ivanovich: biography, whakaahua, ngā tirohanga

I roto i te aamu o te whakawetiweti Russian ko te ahua tino rongonui Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov e te tahi atu kiriweti orurehau - V. I. Lenin - whakaritea ki Garibaldi me Robespierre. I roto i te matauranga ki Zhelyabova whāinga nui i reira taea ki te whakatika i tetahi tikanga e whakamahia ana ki te whakatutuki i te reira. Ko reira ko tenei whāinga hoki a ia me ana hoa "te oaoa o te iwi" i kanohi ratou he tika nuinga ki, engari mo te nei i rite, te feaa-ore, a ki te whakaheke ratou, me te toto ētahi atu '.

kura serf

whanau Future kaiwhakatuma rongonui i roto i te 1851 i roto i te utuafare o te kainga serfs Nikolayevka Tauride kawanatanga. Ko te taketake o pānui me te tuhituhi iti Anaru ako i tona papa ruau Gavril Kalashnikov a ko tona pukapuka tuatahi Sala. Anga ke ki te whakapono rongonui i te kaiwhakarēti feudal exploiters tino kahore nei, ko tona rangatira i te tangata o te ngākau atawhai kore noa ki o ratou kaimahi, engari ano hoki i te tautoko o te mātauranga tūmatanui. I roto i te tau 1860, ka hoatu e ia tona ake whakapaunga Zhelyabova ako-tau iwa i roto i te kura Kerch.

Ite i te ao o te utopia

Ngā mihi ki te whakaaro mahira me te manawanui te haaviraa puta Andrew i reira i roto i te tau 1869 ki te mētara hiriwa me te taua tau ka te ākonga o te ture Faculty o University Novorossiysk i Odessa. Hoki i roto i nga tau kura mohio Zhelyabov ki nga whakaaro o te huringa hou o te ao e kua i te mana kaha. ka haere mai te tea whakamutunga i roto i tona ngakau i muri i te pānui i Chernyshevsky "He aha?", nei i hanga ona whakapono wä. tuhituhi ahau e pā ana ki reira ia Zhelyabov.

Andrey, he whakaahua o i te aroaro o te i roto i te tuhinga, i muri haamana'o e roto i ona hoa i roto i nga tau i tona ākonga, i rapu hoki ki te faati'ai te te ao, vai he faaiteraa huatau i roto i aua tau - ". Neke History āta rawa, he mea e tika ana ki te pana" timata pana i te faingamālie tuatahi, rawa mai kihai ia i feaa ki te whakamōhio ahau. whakaohokia riri General whakaaro momo o tetahi o nga kaiako - ahu whakahaua Ahorangi Valtazar Bogišić me Zhelyabov ki mahi a tona ākonga. Ia whakauaua peia tenei kōrero, engari mahue te University peia hoki hapa.

tane inoino

I tua atu, ka rite ki ki te whakataki: "ahau e kore e hiahia ana ki te ako, e hiahia ana ki te tiki faaipoipo." Tuhinga ka reira ko pai. Te ākonga o mua, Kiki hiahia, engari kihai i whai i te wairua mo te pene, he tamahine kuru o te huka rawa Yakhnenko - hinonga rangatira i roto i Kherson kawanatanga. I roto i te tau 1872, ka mau te marena wahi, a hohoro i whanau, me o ratou matamua-whanau Andrew - kainga ki tona koroua me te whakapaipai kororia o te ingoa orurehau o papa.

Hoko ko ha whanaunga o te taua tangata taonga, me te whai, i hohoro anō Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich i te whare wānanga, te wahi ako ia mo iti iho i te tau - noa nui i i te Directorate te kaha ki te hanga i te reira i te mahi pāpori, meinga e te whakaaro hou taua katoa. I muri i tetahi deductions mahue ia tana wahine, "e mātau ana i roto i te mana'o hape bourgeois" me kore e faaite i ana whakaaro, ka haere ia ki Kiev.

Ko te timatanga o ngā mahi hou

whakau ana i reira Zhelyabov he hononga ki te tahae rohe, a i roto i ngā ki te kau taki ngāue i taua wa he whakahaere āhua-ture "Community." E te ara, ki tona nama: mawehe ki tona whānau, kihai i tamata ia ki te tango i te rawa o te moni-i roto i-ture o te mua, a ka roaa te ora na roto i te hoatu haapiiraa tūmataiti.

I maoro te reira wa mai, ki i rite na roa ia Zhelyabov. timata Andrey tona mahi pāhoro, ka hoki ia i roto i 1873 ki Odessa, i reira ka ia he mema o te porohita o te Narodniks, ahu e V. F. Volkovskim. Here rave ia i roto i te whakatö-i roto i nga kaimahi me pūkenga. He tokomaha te hunga e i te whai wāhi ki te whakarongo ki a Andrei Ivanovich i aua tau, tuhia tona whaikōrero tino, ngā ki āhuareka whaiaro e, i āwhina riro Zhelyabov whakarongo.

Tuhinga ka "haere ki te iwi"

Tona mahi tautoko hohoro mutu ki te hopu, engari i roto i o te whare herehere, ka tukua ia ki runga ki pēra. I roto i te wā i te tau 1875 ki te 1877 Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich riro te mema o te rongonui "haere ki te iwi", ka i tonoa ngā mema taitamariki o ngā rōpū pāhoro ki te kainga ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi tautururaa i roto i te peasants i roto i te ngana ki te whakaara ia ratou ki te fāinga mo ratou tika pāpori.

Ano hopu. I roto i te 1877, he rōpū nui o whakararu populists, i roto ko Zhelyabov nei, puta i te aroaro o te marae i roto i St. Petersburg, i te mea ka tomo tetahi o nga defendants hītori rite "te tukanga o kotahi rau e iwa tekau-toru." Ahakoa i roto i te herehere mua whakamatautauranga-, tutaki ia ki te hunga i roto i te heke mai ka e ana hoa i roto i te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma. I roto ia ratou a Sophia Perovskaya.

Creation o "Narodnaya Volya"

Ko te whakarau me tenei wa ko ki Zhelyabov tautoko - i whiua e ia. A, no te i tukua e ia, ka haere ia ki Podolia, te wahi whakakā anō whakatö i roto i te peasants. Heoi, tino hohoro ka reira horihori kitea o taua momo katoa o te pakanga, a ka haere mai ia ki te mutunga e terrorism rite te ara anake ka taea ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga.

I roto i te raumati o te tau 1879 i roto i Lipetsk Congress haere te whakahaere orurehau "Whenua ko Freedom", i riro he mema o Zhelyabov. Andrei Ivanovich i tetahi o te hunga e whakapataritari te afa i waenganui i kaitautoko o te ara rangimarie o te huringa tōrangapū, me nga Radicals, e kite i tetahi amanaki taea hoki te tutu. Ka rite ki te hua, i wehea e ratou i te rōpū matua, mā te hanga i tou ake kawenata, e mohiotia ana ko te "o tangata Will". ka Zhelyabov tetahi o nga mema o tino kaha.

I raro i tona hanganga whakahaere katoa i hanga i te ārahitanga tika, i ngā o te maha ngā wāhi, tae atu ki te kaimahi, ngā ākonga me te hōia. I roto i ana whakahau ki te mahia e pinepine kohuru o kingi o ngā rarangi. Ia whakawhanakehia hoki whakarato i tētahi hōtaka o te mahi mo te whakangaromanga o te autocracy, te e Fakataha o te whakaminenga wāhanga, te whakawhiti o whenua ki nga peasants me te whakatūnga o rangatiratanga pāpori. E te ara, kia rite ki tuhinga o te whakahaere, ko tika anake te ärai o te mana mo te tuku o ona iwi. Ko e te nei e ratou i te toharite kotahi - he mārama.

Ko te hopu hoki i te Hiha

ka Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, tona haurongo āta hono ki te kaupapa pāhoro Russian, te upoko o te faaineineraa o te maha o ngā nganatanga i runga i te Hiha Alexander II, i whiua nei rōpū pakanga ahu e te reira i tona hui i roto i te 1879 ki te mate.

Ko te tuatahi o enei ko te whakamātau ki te tukituki i te tereina kingi i runga i te ara i Kharkov ki Moscow. Zhelyabov i raro i te ingoa teka tarahu te whare e tata ana nga ara pereoo auahi e tata ana te pa o Alexander me fakafo'ituitui whakahaere he kauhanga mō te whakapanga maina. I taua wa i whakaorangia he tāpiritanga noa te ora o te emepera - puta te hau, ka ko tona hanganga i runga i te wahi kino.

Ko te kohuru o te kingi - he tohu ki te tīmata i te revolution

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kua whakaritea e ia te kohuru o waru ngā wā kingi, te whakaatu i taua ka hei tana whakakorenga tinana te whakapohū o pōuri pāpori puta noa i te kingitanga. I roto i te pakaru o te ngākau e haere noa ia ki te haere i roto i Samara kawanatanga ki te arahi i te whakatikanga ake kaiahuwhenua reira. Ko ia te kaiwhakahaere matua, me te mate ki te kōhurutanga Alexander II o mahia e March 13 (Kāhua New) i roto i St Petersburg i te parepare o te Griboyedov Canal. nga tūemi katoa whakawhanakehia ia Zhelyabov whawhai kaiwhakatuma.

Andrey Ivanovich kore fakafo'ituitui i tangohia kaiwawao reira, no te mea e rua nga ra i te aroaro o I tūpono hopukina reira i roto i tetahi o nga whare haumaru. kawea te whakahaere tika o te whakaeke kaiwhakatuma i tana wahine noa-ture Sophia Perovskaya - te tamahine o te kawana o St Petersburg me tetahi o nga toa nui rawa ki te autocracy. I muri i hopukina ia, ka ui Zhelyabov e ka mau tona kāwanatanga he maha o ngā kōhurutanga.

I roto i te wā o te tuatahi mau herehere, i puritia e ia i roto i te Bastion Trubetskoy o te pa. I te tamataraa, kihai ia he rōia, ka whakamahia tana korero ki tapaea ki te iwi whānui te hōtaka "o tangata Will". E ai ki te whakawa, Zhelyabov me ētahi atu hoto i taronatia i roto i te semenov Square i Petersburg. Kia mōhio e ko te mahia tūmatanui whakamutunga i roto i Russia tenei.

Ko te canonization o nga kaiwhakaatu o te revolution i te mata o

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, he haurongo poto i whakaputaina ki waho i roto i te tau i muri i tona mahi, ko te tauira e faauruhia maha tahae muri. I whakahaerehia tenei, i roto i ngā, me o te whakaputaina i roto i te St Petersburg i 1906-1907 tona kapinga whānui. moheni "Te Past."

mahi Materials o te hautaka rite te turanga mo te mahi rangahau o maha hītori Soviet, e, i roto i te tahi atu i te mau melo o te "Narodnaya Volya" hiahia matua Zhelyabov. Andrey, nei whakaaro i roto i te rangi ki te Māoritanga Bolshevik i te wā Soviet, kua tangohia te wahi o kororia i roto i te Pahiona o nga kaiwhakaatu ia me aito o te revolution.

I roto i te thirties, whakaritea ana e ia ki te hanga i tētahi tohu grandiose whakamana Zhelyabov i raro i te kaupapa o te toi Korolev. i riro ratou te hanganga maha-ahua, i roto i nei ngā nga whakapakoko o pononga, haehae te mekameka me te whakapakoko wha-mita o te tahae. Hoki i whakaritea te pou ki te waihanga i tētahi turanga whakapaipai ki ono pati-reliefs i runga i ngā kaupapa kōrero o mua, me te pāhoro, me te tuhituhinga "Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich (1851-1881)." O te kōrero i kua i hanga, engari mutu te mahi, a kahore tonu whakahoutia.