Allen Ginsberg: He Haurongo, mahi, ngā arotakenga

I nui i roto i te ahurea i muri i te Pakanga II o te Ao American Allen Ginsberg. Ko ia tetahi o nga kaituhi tino whakaaro o te Beat me te rohi pehe o tona whakatupuranga pai-mohiotia.

Allen Ginsberg: A Biography

I whanau ia i roto i te tau 1926 i roto i Newark (NJ) i roto i te utuafare manene Hurai. tupu ake ia i roto i tata Paterson. Ua haapii Matua Louis Ginsberg English me tona whaea Naomi ko te orometua haapii, me ngā o te Communist Party USA. ite Allen Ginsberg i tona tamarikitanga i ona raruraru hinengaro, i roto i te Vol. H. te maha o breakdowns io i runga i te papa whenua o te wehi o te fakatangá mo ona mahi pāpori.

Tīmata moka o te kaupapa

tutaki Allen Ginsberg me Lyusen Karr i roto i 1943 i ako i University Columbia. heke Last ākonga tau-tuatahi ki William Burroughs ko Jack Kerouac. I muri mai, whakapumautia hoa ratou rite tau matua o te kaupapa Beat. Mohiotia hoki ratou whakaaro rereke, me te whanonga pukukino, kua whakamātauria e hoki Allen me ana hoa ki te taero.

kotahi e whakamahia ana Ginsberg tona ruma dorm kāreti ki te rokiroki taonga tahaetia hokona i mohio. He fehangahangai ki te hāmene, faaoti ia ki te ahua kei te haurangi, a ka pau e rave rahi marama i roto i te fare ma'i hinengaro.

I muri i tu'ite, noho Allen i New York, a mahi mahi rerekē. I roto i te 1954, Heoi, oho ia ki San Francisco, i reira māngai te bit-kaupapa i te taha o kaitito Kenneth Rexroth ko Lawrence Ferlinghetti.

Karanga ki te ao

tuatahi ka haere Allen Ginsberg ki te aro tūmatanui i roto i 1956, i muri i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka "Aue, me ētahi atu Poems." Tenei rotarota i te whakarerenga iho o Walt Whitman ko te karanga o te riri, me te hepohepo whakahaua ki hapori haamou, me te taehae. Kevin O'Sullivan ka karanga i roto i Newsmakers mahi riri, lyrics moepuku mārama, ka tapiritia e, i roto i te whakaaro o maha, ko reira he hui hou i roto i rotarota American. tautuhia Sam Allen Ginsberg "Aue" ko rite "Hurai-melvillianskoe pakeke; manawa."

miharo hou, ruri reo faitotonu maha fakaangá tuku iho. Dzheyms Diki, hei tauira, whakaahuatia te "Aue" rite "te āhua emaciated o oaoa" a mutu e "kore he reira nui ki te tuhituhi rotarota." Kua pahono Ētahi fakaangá atu pai. Richard Eberhart, pērā i hua i huaina "mahi kaha, te pahųtanga o roto i te tikanga hihiri ... Ko te tangi ki nga mea katoa i roto i to tatou ao mechanistic e whakamate te wairua ... tae mai tona kaha pai, me te pūngao i te mana faaora o te aroha." Pol Kerroll maau i huaina "tetahi o te whakatupuranga tohu." Aromatawai i te pānga o "tupuhi", tuhia Pol Tsveyg e te kaituhi o "tata kotahi-i hoatu whakakapi te whiti traditionalist o nga 1950."

tukanga

I tua atu ki te fakaangá miharo, "Aue" miharo te Tari o nga pirihimana San Francisco. Nā ki te reo fakasekisualé whakairoiro pukapuka whiti i whakaatu faufau, a ka hopukina kaiwhakaputa o te punake Ferlinghetti. ngā te ina tohe muri te aro o te whenua, me tau tuhituhi rongonui: ". Aue" Mark Shorer, Kennet Reksrot ko Walter Van Tilberg Clark awhina i whakaaturia Shorer e "whakamahi Ginsberg diction me ungeri o korero noa. takoha te ruri te ki te whakamahi i te reo o te parau ino e. " ka karanga a Clark "Aue" mahi tino tika o te rohi pehe, e te mea ano hoki he tangata rawa mātau. pae hopea whakaatu Ite whakawa Clayton Horn whakatau e kore he faufau te hua.

Ko te kupu, Allen Ginsberg, he whānui nei arotake o te kounga rotarota i roto i te tamataraa, ko te kaituhi o te Faaiteraa o te Beat kaupapa tuhituhi. Novelists pērā i Jack Kerouac ko Uilyam Berrouz me pehe Gregory corso, Maykl Makklyur, Geri Snayder ko Ginsberg i te kaupapa i mua tātau me te kore-tuhituhi tuhituhi i roto i te reo o te huarahi. Ngaahi Fakakaukau me toi moka-rere ko te mana nui i runga i te ahurea rongonui i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i roto i te o 1950-1960.

inoi mo te hunga mate

I roto i te 1961, whakaputaina Ginsberg "Kaddish me ētahi atu Poems." Ko te pehepehe rite i roto i te kāhua me te puka ki "Aue" ka, e hāngai ana i runga i tuku iho inoi hunaraa Hurai, korero tatou e pā ana ki te ora o tona whaea. mau mana'o matatini e i te rohi pehe pania reira ona aroraa ki te mate hinengaro, ko te arotahi o tenei mahi. Ko te whakaaro tetahi o nga fakatupu pai o Allen Thomas Merrill huaina reira "Ginsberg i tona parakore, a pea te faaiteraa pai", ko Louis Simpson - "te faahiahia."

Ko reira tenei!

Allen Ginsberg, ko tona mahi i puhoi tākiekina e William Carlos Williams, haamana'o tona kiripuaki kura rite "hick pokepoke hauwarea i New Jersey," engari i muri i korero ki a ia, "ohorere mohio ahau e whakarongo i te pehe maitai ki" tahanga "taringa." Sound, tangi parakore me te manawataki, na te mea mea e pā ana ki a ia, a ka tamata ia ki te urutau ratou ungeri whiti o te kōrero tūturu, kaua ki te tangata e rongo atu i te metronome te himene o te tuhinga tawhito a ranei.

E ai ki te rohi pehe, i muri i te faaururaa ohorere, mahi tonu ia. quotes Allen Ginsberg i tuhi tūmataiti i roto i te puka o whatiwhatinga iti ki 4 5 ranei rārangi e hāngai rite ki tetahi atu korero-whakaaro mararatia rite te kupukupu rite pehea kia ratou kia wahia ki te hiahiatia ki te kiia ratou, a ka tonoa ratou e Williams . Ia tata tonu ka tono ia he tuhipoka mea, "Ko reira tenei! E tonu koe i te reira? "

Kerouac me ētahi atu

Ko tētahi atu mana nui i runga i Ginsberg i tuhituhi tona hoa Kerouac te pūrākau i roto i te kāhua o "tuhi noa", i whakamoemititia Allen me te urutau ki tou ake mahi. tuhituhi Kerouac etahi o ana pukapuka, he Patopato tohutohutia pukapuka o te pepa ma, me te tā tonu i roto i te "awa o mahara". timata Allen Ginsberg ki te tuhituhi e kore he rotarota, rite ta ia, "mahi i runga i a ratou i roto i nga whatiwhatinga iti me nga wahi i wā rerekē, engari pupuri te whakaaro i roto i toku matenga, a tuhi i te reira i roto i te wahi, a oti ratou ki reira."

I whakanuitia Williams me kaituhi Kerouac kare me te ara tūturu o te faaiteraa he mea whakarite ki ngā hanganga tuhituhi tuku iho. tuku Ginsberg ki te tauira hītori o tenei whakaaro i roto i te mahi o te rohi pehe Walt Whitman, kaituhi Herman Melville me kaituhi Genri Devida Thoreau ko Ralph Waldo Emerson.

kaitōrangapū libertarian

Ko te kaupapa matua o te ora, me te auahatanga o Ginsberg ko te kaupapa here. ka karanga a Kennet Reksrot tenei āhuatanga o te Allen "ahua tata tino o te roa whāia iho orurehau pāpori o Whitman i rotarota American." I roto i te tahi mau whiti faahiti Ginsberg te pakanga hokohoko uniana o nga 1930, nga whika tuwhena rongonui, te hopu hoki Whero McCarthy me ētahi atu tohu o te kaupapa maui. I roto i te Wichita Vortex 'sutra' e ngana ana ia ki te mutunga i te whawhai i roto i te Vietnam i te ahua o whaiwhaia. I roto i "Plutonovoy ode" whakamatau te fariiraa rite - manawa mīharo te rohi pehe tango te pūngao o te ngota i ona huru maitatai mōrearea. Ētahi atu Poems rite "Aue", e kore e tōrangapū i roto i te huru ahakoa, Heoi, kia rite ki fakaangá maha, i roto i te pāpori faaino kaha.

Ko te mana o ngā tae

i kaha te whakaputa mahi tōrangapū o Ginsberg libertarian, e mihia ana manakohanga whiti o te faaiteraa takitahi ki te puka tuku iho. I roto i te waenganui-1960, te tata e pā ana i te reira ki te ke fakafepaki◊i me te kaupapa antiwar. Kua hanga e ia, a ka mau te rautaki o "mana puawai", ka taunaki demonstrators antiwar mō ngā uara pai, pērā i te rongo, me te aroha ki te ha'uti ratou fakafepaki ki te mate me te whakangaromanga meinga e te whawhai i roto i Vietnam.

riro te whakamahi o ngā tae, pere, ataata, me mantras (waiata tapu) mo etahi wa, kua kitea i roto i te demonstrators. I 1967, ko Ginsberg te kaiwhakahaere o te "Haaputuputuraa o te iwi o te oraraa tangata" - he kaupapa e i kawea i roto i runga i te tauira o te hakari Hindu. Ko te hakari counter-ahurea tuatahi, kua meinga nei e te faaururaa ki nga mano o etahi atu. I roto i te 1969, ka tū etahi o nga activists antiwar he "pana o te Taparima," i tuhituhi Ginsberg he mantra mo ia. Ko ano e ia he kaiwhakaatu mo te korero i te whakamatautauranga, "Chicago whitu", i roto i nei i ako activists anti-pakanga i ki "whakatakotoria ana ki whiti rārangi kāwanatanga mō te whakahaere i te koroke."

mautohe

I te tahi taime mahi tōrangapū meinga Ginsberg te tauhohenga i te pokapū uruhi ture. I hopukina e ia i te whakaaturanga anti-pakanga i roto i te New York i te tau 1967, ka marara ki hau roimata i te Convention National Democratic i Chicago i 1968. I te 1972 i herea ia mo whai wāhi i roto i ngā whakaaturanga ki reira-te peresideni Richarda Niksona i te Convention National Republican i Miami. I roto i te 1978, i mauheretia ia me tona hoa maoro Pita Orlovsky mō te ārai i te halanga lēlué ki te aukati i te tereina ki te ururua iraruke haere mai i te tipu "Rocky Flats" whakaputa patu-kōeke konuwhiro i Colorado.

kingi May

hoatu ngā mahi tōrangapū o Ginsberg ia he raruraru i roto i ētahi atu whenua. I roto i te 1965 tae mai ia Cuba rite te kaituhi mō te Arotake Evergreen. I muri lāunga ia e pā ana ki te maimoatanga o nonofo i roto i te University o Havana, ka tahuri te kāwanatanga ki Ginsberg ki te tono ki te waiho i te whenua. Ko taua tau, haere te pehe ki Czechoslovakia, te wahi i pōtitia ia "Kingi o Mei" e mano o tangata Czech. Te ra i muri mai, ka ui te kāwanatanga Czech ia ki te waiho hoki ko ia "pōrohe, ka hinga." Ginsberg ia faataa tona pana i te meka e raruraru te pirihimana ngaro Czech i ki whakaae whānui, "te pāhau American punake patupaiarehe screwy".

mystic

Ko tētahi atu raruraru, kitea nei i roto i rotarota o Ginsberg, ko te aronga i runga i te wairua, me te pūngāwerewere. Tona moni i roto i enei take ka pupü mai e te raupapa o i kitea, i tae mai ia i roto i te tai'oraa i rotarota o William Blake. mahara Allen Ginsberg "reo sepulchral hohonu rawa i roto i te ruma," tonu, kahore whakaaro, ka mau ia ki te reo o Blake. tapiritia ia e "rite te tangi motuhake ko te tahi mea fakangalongata'a, no te mea i titiro reira rite te mea i te Atua he reo tangata ki te here mure ore katoa me patereareha, me te pikaunga tahuti te Kaihanga ora, tahuri ki tana tama." Kua faaara taua moemoea o moni i roto i te mysticism, i arahina te pehe ki te whakamātau rangitahi ki taero rerekē. I muri mai kī reira Allen Ginsberg, "Aue" tuhituhi ia i raro i te mana o te peyote, "Kaddish" - whakawhetai ki amphetamines me "Wales - toro" - ki te awhina o LSD.

I muri haere ki Inia i roto i 1962, i roto i nei tutaki ia ki whakaaroaro me te yoga, ke Ginsberg tona huru ki taero. Ko ia papu e he nui pai whakaara mōhiotanga o te huru whakaaroaro me te yoga, engari whakapono hallucinogens whai hua mō te tuhituhi whiti. Psychedelics, ka mea ia, Ko te rerekē o te yoga, me te tikanga o te rangahau mahara.

Faafariuraa ki Buddhism

Ginsberg ako o akonoanga Eastern timata i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o ratou mantras, karakia naki whakamahia i roto i ngā mahi wairua. Ratou te whakamahi o te manawataki, manawa me ngā oro taketake whakaaro ki a ia i te ahua o te whiti. I roto i te tahi mau rotarota ngā ia i roto i te kuputuhi o te mantra, tahuri te mahi ki te ahua o te inoi. pānuitanga Poetry, ia maha haamata ki te tukurua o mantras, ki te hanga i te huru tika. Tona moni i roto i te mau haapaoraa Eastern te mutunga arahina ia ki te moke Chogyam Trungpa, he Abbot Putihi i Tibet, i i te mana kaha i runga i te auahatanga o Ginsberg. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1970, ka mau te rohipehe haapiiraa i te paari Trungpa i Colorado, a ako hoki whiti. I roto i te 1972, i homai e Allen Ginsberg te Bodhisattva kupu taurangi whāngai ōkawa Buddhism.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whakangungu Trungpa ko te ahua o te whakaaroaro, i huaina shamatha, e aro i runga i to koutou ake manawa. E ai ki a Ginsberg, arata'i te reira ki te ata te hinengaro, te hanga mīhini o te whakaaro me te whakaaro-puka; arata'i tenei ki te exacerbation o ratou mōhiotanga me te āhukahuka. Ko te pukapuka "Manawa o take", oti rawa ki Trungpa, kei te maha o ngā whiti i tuhituhia ki te awhina o shamatha whakaaroaro.

Mai i tawhetawhe ki taonga

I roto i te 1974, Allen Ginsberg ko tona hoa, i whakaturia enn Valdman te kura o Poetics sinó na'e Jack Kerouac rite te peka o te Institute o Naropa. E ai ki te rohi pehe, ko te whakaaro hopea ki te whakatū i te kāreti toi tūturu i roto i te iho o Tibet, te wahi i reira he kaiako me ngā ākonga e noho tahi i roto i te taua hanga, e ka mahi hoki rau o nga tau. Hoki te whakaako me te kōrero i roto i te kura, kua ngā Ginsberg taua kaituhi rongonui rite Diane di aupuru, Ron Padgett ko Uilyam Berrouz. Tiraa tona rotarota ki te moni i roto i te wairua, kotahi ka mea a Ginsberg e te tua o te rotarota, ko te ahua o te whaiaro te matauranga-no te whaiaro whakapai ake-, te faaora i te mahara iho, e kore e koe. Ko te ahua o te whakatuwheratanga tona natura ake, me te tuakiri, ranei tona huru, me te he māramatanga o te mea wahi o koe i roto o te reira.

Ginsberg ite te ōrite tuhituhi o te mea kua karanga a "tawhetawhe ki taonga i" - ". Pahiona o literature American" i tona wawe "paru" mahi, i wehi me whakahē hoki tona whakaurua mutunga i roto i te Ko ia tetahi o nga kaitito tino whai mana o tona whakatupuranga, me, kia rite ki a Hemi Mersmana, "te ahua nui i roto i te hītori o te whiti."

tau tata nei

Pakipūmeka kiriata Dzherri Aronsona "Life me Times o Allen Ginsberg" i tukua i roto i te 1994. I roto i te taua tau, Stanford University utua te rohi pehe he miriona tara mo tona pūranga whaiaro. rotarota New me ngā kohinga o mahi mua tonu Ginsberg ki kia whakaputaina wā. A kua tukua ana pukapuka, makasini, me te ara whakaahua o te Beat-hoa he titiro hou i te ora me te mahi o te rohi pehe.

I roto i te puna o 1997 i roto i te tūroro e mate ana i te mate huka mellitus me kakā Ginsberg i pāngia ki te mate pukupuku ate. I muri ako i tenei mate, ia hohoro tuhituhi 12 rotarota poto. Te ra i muri mai, i tukua e te rohi pehe he patunga, a hinga ana ki te pōroa. mate ia e rua nga ra i muri mai. Ko te "New York Times" ka mea poroporoaki ki a ia Uilyam Berrouz, e karangatia e ia "he tangata nui ki te mana ao."

Allen Ginsberg: pukapuka

Irava tau torutoru mua, te ora o te rohi pehe i kohia i roto i te pukapuka "te mate me te kororia:. Poems, 1993-1997" Tenei rōrahi ngā mahi hanga tonu i muri i ako Allen e pā ana ki tona mate. whakaahuatia Pūtirotiro Publishers Weekly te kohinga rite "he tukunga tino o te ora pai." Ray Olson ko Dzhek Helberg, tuhituhi i roto i Booklist, kitea rotarota a Ginsberg "oro, ki te kahore akiaki," ko Rochelle Ratner i te aro mātai o Library Journal tuhipoka e enei "tino nui taunakitanga o here me te tiaki."

Ko tētahi atu whakaputanga murimate o Ginsberg - "Prose Ka āta: tuhinga roa tīpakohia, 1952-1995" - he neke atu i te 150 tuhinga i runga i te kaupapa o patu karihi, te whawhai i roto i Vietnam, te aukatinga, pērā kaitito rite Walt Whitman me whiua Gregory corso, me ētahi atu ahurea whakamarama, tae atu John Lennon me photographer Robert Frank. whakamoemiti fakaanga Publishers Weekly te pukapuka rite "ētahi wā reka, i ētahi wā maharakore," ka tapiritia e ko ia "tino e whakaoho ki te whānui o te pā o te punake ngā." kitea Booklist Ginsberg tuhinga roa "atu wātea atu i te nuinga o ana oriori."

He whakaata o tona wa

Ka rite ki Ginsberg hiahia ana ki te mahara ia? E ai ki a ia, ka rite ki te tangata i roto i te iho American tawhito o individualism transcendental, i te kura Nositiká tawhito Thoreau, Emerson, Whitman, i nei kua ratou i roto i te rau tau XX. kotahi faataa Ginsberg e o nga paruparu tangata katoa ko ia tino ngāwari ana ki te riri; ki ana hoa tino maioha ia te whakangawari me here fakasekisualé; ko tona mahi pai "wahapū o mana'o i roto i te kamupene." "Ka rite ki reira e kore e ranei, e kore e kore tetahi whakaata tona wa i rite Mr. Ginsberg", - mutu te kaiarotake Economist. "Ko ia he piriti i waenganui i te tuhituhi Five and Seven me te ahurea pop."