American tākirirangi Falcon 9: āhuatanga me photo

Pipiri 28, 2015 i 17:21 (wā Moscow) i te pae whakarewanga i Cape Canaveral i taka kotahi whakarewa i tākirirangi "Falcon 9". Kua whatura 9 tākirirangi kua rite e te kamupene tūmataiti US SpaceX, whakaturia e Erono Musk.

"Falcon" ko NASA

NASA i roto i te 2008 hainatia te kirimana ki te kamupene, ko te ki te kawe i roto i te whakarewatanga o te tākirirangi kawe "Falcon 9" tarakona, me te waka ātea. fakahā te whakaaro rawa o te hanga o tenei momo o te kawe tākirirangi e te meka e na te raupapa o rahua whakarewa Space Shuttle. Na kei te whakamahere te Erono Musk ki te whakaiti i te utu o misioni wāhi 10 ngā wā. Heoi, tata te kaupapa i taua wa i ki kia utu $ 1.6 piriona.

I rahua whakarewanga tākirirangi whawhati he maha o ngā mahi, whakaturia e te NASA, i roto i te tua ki te putanga o te waka ātea ISS Space Shuttle. Falcon 9 tākirirangi e mau ana 1.8 taranata o utanga.

Ko te whāinga matua, i mahara ki te kawe i tenei whakarewatanga, ko ki kapi kai kai mo te mema o ISS. I tua atu, hoki kawea te tākirirangi he poraka kahui me Pūurutau Te Mahuta International (Ida), whakawhanakehia e te Boeing. Tenei teihana tāmau kotahi 526 kg kia whakahaere Dragon waka ātea tāmau ki te ISS. Hoki te taua take tamata tarakona ki te whakaora me te hāngai mō te spacewalk. Kore, te mate o taua wāhanga nui o te pānga kino i runga i te hōtaka o te mahi pūtaiao i runga i te poari i te ISS.

Otiia e kore e katoa te i! Falcon 9 tākirirangi pahūtanga patua 8 āmiorangi hipi 1f, hanga i te tikanga o Planet Labs. Na kawea ia o ratou e toru kōwae CubeSat, i ia ki te mau i te whenua i roto i te aratau whatu.

Whatura 9: Whakatakotoranga

hangaia tākirirangi hanga e kia i ia taputapu atamira Avionics tāuta me i runga i-papa rorohiko, e kua hangaia ki te whakahaere i te tawhā katoa o te rere.

Avionics katoa whakamahia i runga i te poari te tākirirangi, i hanga e SpaceX. Hoki, i roto i te tua ki tona ake pūnaha whakatere, ki te whakapai ake i te tika i roto i te āmionga te whakamahi i ngā taputapu GPS.

I tua atu, hoki ia engine tāuta ake te kaiwhakahaere, e tamau aroturuki nga tawhā katoa o te pūkaha. E toru wae pūtukatuka ki te whakapai ake tika pūnaha ia pūmana.

Falcon 9 e rua-atamira tākirirangi, me tenei putanga kua haere rua putanga:

• 9 putanga v1.0;
• 9 putanga v1.1.

Rerekē te putanga tuarua o te tuatahi i roto i taua mea whakau ki he pūkaha parakore atu. A kitea ano e ratou wāhi i roto i te wā pūkaha raro.

Ahakoa rere putanga e rua o nga engines i karahīni oxidizer o te hāora wai, engari te tākirirangi Falcon 9 v1.1 i rere hoki 4,85 taranata o ututaumaha, i pere shtatovskih "Falcon 9" v1.0 - 3 anake, 4 m.

I roto i tenei putanga o te roa o 1.1 - 68.4 mita ki te taimaha o 506 taranata tīmata.

Hei matau enei tautuhinga - tākirirangi Russian "iraoho-M" he poto ake i te 10 mita (58.2 m), tīmata taimaha atu - 705 taranata. Ko te "iraoho-M" ki te ohuraa ututaumaha o 6,74 taranata.

NASA tono, te utu o te whakarewatanga o te Falcon 9 ko $ 60 miriona, i roto i te "iraoho-M", he $ 30 miriona teitei tenei ahua.

Na te taahiraa tuatahi?

whakarewahia whatura 9 tākirirangi NASA ki e rua Pads. E tū ana tetahi i roto i Florida, e rua i roto i California. Ano, he tīmata mahi ki te whakawhānui i te atu Pads rua.

SpaceX kamupene tonu mai 2013, kei te mahi i runga i te hanga o ngā hangarau mō te wāhanga mati o Falcon 9 v1.1. I tū te ngana tuatahi ki te whakaora i te Falcon 9 i roto i Hānuere 2015. E ai ki te atamira whakatau tata i te reira ki te whenua i roto i te takiwā o te tūāpapa tere. Otiia e kore e te te rangi kino i te moana whakaaetia ki te tiki ake wā o te tākirirangi.

A ki te rā, kore i enei tautooraa i angitu. Tetahi o o rōnihi kore kua kawea mai te kamupene ki te whakarite kia te whakaora taumata.

whakaaro tohunga

Ahakoa korerotia nga pāpāho me i hanga te whakarewatanga angitu whakamutunga o te Falcon 9 (Hakihea 2015) te reira taea ki te mau tonu i te wā o raro o te tākirirangi, engari tohunga ruarua te whakamahi o te atamira tuatahi ake nei. Tohunga whakapono e, homai te pāmahana o te mahana-ake rite te tinana tākirirangi i te tīmatanga o me i roto i te heketanga, i muri i tona wahi i roto i te kōhauhau tonu iti rawa tupono o anō-whakamahi o te huānga tākirirangi.

Otiia e kore e katoa te e. Mati, atu āhuatanga - ngā ū reira haereere, me te nui e hiahiatia ana o wahie. Na tenei, i roto i te tahuri, te whakaiti i te ututaumaha o runga ki te 30%.

tākirirangi Pono?

Mai i 2010 ki te 2013 i hanga ai e rima te tīmatanga, e wha o nei - tino aratau noa.

Ko te whakarewatanga o te Falcon 9 i roto i Oketopa 2012, kua mohio e tohunga rite "wāhanga angitu". Katahi te tākirirangi "Falcon 9" mo te wa tuatahi ka tono ki te taputapu ISS i te taraka tarakona. Ko te takenga o Orbcomm-G2 amiorangi ki te ohuraa te mautū i whakanohoia rahua rite ki te hua o te pee'utari ki te āmionga raro atu i te whakamahere.

Ko te hua o tenei "wāhanga angitu" placheven Operation. noho Orbcomm-G2 i ohuraa mō te roa me te 12 Oketopa o taua tau, i tahuna i waho te wahi i roto i te huru.

I roto i te faatura i tenei ko reira ngā rite SpaceX whakamārama te kore. E ai ki te tohunga, i reira ko tetahi naianei o te kiri ki te fairing i roto i engine tuatahi-atamira.

Ko te take o te kino

Ehara i mana tāpiri me te pahūtanga o te Falcon 9 tākirirangi i Pipiri 2015 i ia i roto i te rere hoki te roa - 2 meneti 19 hēkona. Ka rite ki te pere tae te tikanga hypersonic, i reira ko te pahūtanga, a i muri i te 8 hēkona te Falcon 9 wahia ki mongamonga. NASA Kua whakarewahia i roto i te mahi ngātahi ki a SpaceX he tūhuratanga ki te take o te kino.

Kua hoatu mua ona putanga ake te upoko o SpaceX kamupene. E ai ki tona ariā, puta te aituā rite ki te hua o te pēhanga te taikaha i roto i te waka tauā ki te āpitihāora i te wā o runga. tupu tenei i te wa ka kore i ano i wehea te atamira tuatahi.

atu aituā

O te akoranga, te aituā i roto i te ahumahi wāhi - e kore te rarity taua. Hei tauira, i roto i te US i tenei tau, i reira e toru aituā (tango ki pūkete te kino, kua tukua nei e te waka whakarewanga Falcon 9).

I roto i te Oketopa 2014, i muri i te whakarewanga i te spaceport i te moutere o Wallops, i reira ko te pahūtanga o te kawe tākirirangi tūmataiti Antares. I tūmanakohia te reira e ka e āmio reira te ISS taraka Cygnus (e te rua hangaia e orbital Sciences).

Hoki i roto i te 2014, tuki tetahi kaipuke SpaceShipTwo. I riro te reira e ka mahi i reira rerenga tūruhi suborbital. Na whakamātau tonu kamupene whanaketanga wahine Galactic ki te whakakore i te take o te tukinga.

ka mau te whakarewatanga tuatahi o te tākirirangi kawe "iraoho-M" wahi i runga i te 7 no eperera, 2001. Na kua pai te, kua whakanohoia te tākirirangi ki te atamira o runga "Breeze-M" ki te ohuraa amiorangi "Ekran-M". I runga i te pūnaha mana pere tāuta ake putanga, i pai ake te whakamātautau o te propellant roto i heptyl, i mohiotia te ki kia paitini mō te tangata, me te mo te taiao. Ano, ka whakanui i te pūnaha hou te papatipu o te ututaumaha ki āmio.

Mai reira, ua reira kua 90 rōnihi o "iraoho-M", engari 80 anake o ratou i tino auau. Ko te take matua o ngā āhuatanga ohorere meinga e rahunga i roto i te wā o runga.

Te feaa, e kore e he tohu angitu mō missiles ki te taua hītori taonga taua tatauranga. I roto i tetahi take, ka āwhina i te Falcon 9 tākirirangi pahūtanga ki mahino pai ona hara, me te tango ratou ki pūkete i te whakaoho i muri.

He aha te i muri?

I te kau, tukua utanga ki te ISS i te āhua:

• Russian "Kaunuku";
• HTV Hapanihi;
• tarakona;
• Cygnus.

tūmanako nui NASA i runga i te tarakona rite te kōwae e he taea ki te hoki mai utanga i te ISS ki whenua. Ko te kirimana ki tenei kamupene i atu ki te 2017, ka kua whakaritea mō te 15 tīmata.

Ko te wa whakamutunga i te booster Falcon 9 ki te Dragon Transport Kaimahi pai kua oti tona mahi Hakihea 22, 2015

e kore e NASA ruarua e kore e te aituā ki te Falcon 9 ārai i te hanganga o te waka ātea topu. SpaceX kamupene e hiahia ana ki te whakarewa i hohonu tākirirangi Falcon taumaha i raro i tenei hōtaka. taea ki te whakataetae me te Russian "iraoho" tenei whakarewatanga ko, me te Ariane Pākehā 5.

Ko te aituā, i tukua e te tākirirangi US Falcon 9 Kua whakaaturia kotahi ano, e kore tetahi he ārai i te kino, i te hōpara ātea.