Cape Canaveral. Ofi ki nga Stars

Cape Canaveral, Florida - ko te papa whakarewa matua o Te Tai Rāwhiti ngā tākirirangi konei - te wāhi matua o te tauranga United States.

I roto sugarcane

U i roto i te rau tau 16 i runga i te rohe o Florida, hoatu Pakeha te ingoa o te Cape Canaveral, i iritihia i te tikanga Spanish "pururu huka kakaho." I muri i te pana o te taupori taketake - te timakua iwi Inia, Calusa me Seminole - noho i runga i te whenua o Cape ruia pāmu, me i te takutai - kaihao me kaikohikohi o kōeke.

Na roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga, ka mau te hōtaka wāhi American puta whenua mō ngā whakamātautau pere. Mai 1948, ka anga matou ki te kawe i roto i te mahi i runga i te whakariterite anō o te teihana manuao "awa Panana" (US Navy) me te hanga i runga i tona pūtake o te turanga, me te whakamātautau pokapū US Air Force. E kore te tauwāhi i whiriwhiria e te tupono noa. taupori korekore me te tatanga o te Atlantic Ocean whakaiti te ati ki te taiao i roto i te hui o te kore o rōnihi iti-orbital.

Ki te kitea e Cape Canaveral (spaceport) i runga i te mahere, patua e te wāhi ahopae kaua iti - 28 ˚ N No te whakarite: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Ka āta whakarite tēnei painga atu:

• Hei whakatutuki i te tere rangi tuatahi te whakamahi i te pūngao neke o te huringa o te whenua.
• Ko te hua i roto i te papatipu o te ututaumaha te tākirirangi ake ki te 30%.
• ōhanga Fuel mo te wae putanga ki te āmionga mautū.

rōnihi tuatahi

tonoa e te kaipuke tuatahi o te waka pae whakarewanga rua-atamira i Cape Canaveral ki te rangi i roto i te Hōngongoi 1950. Booster tākirirangi waka "āraituki 2" taea ki te tae te lekooti i te wa o te tiketike - 400 km. Ko te ngana ki te kawe ki te ohuraa te amiorangi horihori tuatahi i roto i Hakihea 1957 mutu i roto i te kore - i te pahūtanga o te waka tauā wahie whakangaromia te tākirirangi kawe "Vanguard TV-3" rua hekona i muri i te tīmatanga. I roto i te 1958, mahi i runga i te ako o te wāhi i waho me ki te hanga, kua arahina te pūtake pūtaiao, me te hangarau te pokapū kāwanatanga e hānga hou hanga - NASA.

Operation o te rohe whakarewatanga matatini me ngā āhuatanga kino whakakitea: atutu Cape Canaveral ki afaá kaha me uira. i wāhanga whakangaromia hanganga Double-tīmatanga i fakatamaki fakanatulá, a mo te whakaritenga o te uira i ki te whiuwhiu i te atu tekau o miriona o tara.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport ranei Force Base?

I roto i te 1962, timata i te National Agency kua hanga ona ake whakaurunga whakarewatanga, e mohiotia ana ko Whakarewa Center, a mai Whiringa 1963 (i muri i te kōhurutanga o te peresideni 35 o te USA), i whakaingoatia ratou te Kennedy Space Center. I roto i te katoa, te pūeru, me te motu tata o te moutere o Merritt, hono e te hanganga noa e i hanga neke atu i te toru tekau Pads.

huaina te press maha spaceport i Cape Canaveral te, i roto i te meka, e rua wae whakahaere no ki ngā pokapū kāwanatanga rerekē. kawea rōnihi katoa i roto tae noa ki 1965 ki te turanga Air Force. Ko te rongonui tino o te misioni:

• Whakarewatanga o te amiorangi American tuatahi (1958).
• Ko te iti-orbital tuatahi American (1961) me te orbital (1962) te rere o te vavā.
• Whakarewatanga o te waka American tuatahi o rua (1964) me te toru (1968) nga tangata.
• Ko te ako o tinana tiretiera o te pūnaha solar teihana aunoa interplanetary.

Mai i "Gemini" ki "Mokowā Shuttle"

whetu Top o te hautoa o te Center. Kua whakarewahia Kennedy te raupapa o waka ātea topu "Gemini" ki e rua astronauts i runga i te poari. He katoa o 12 rerenga wāhi i whakamana i roto i tenei misioni. Ko te paetae matua i te spacewalk vavā E. White.

ārahina Cape Canaveral i te rere o te astronauts nei tae mai te pee'utari tūturu o te whenua. tīmata katoa i te faaineineraa hōtaka me te whakatinanatanga o te rere topu me te taunga i runga i te marama ( "Apollo") Pads hangaia o te Center.

No reira, rawa, ka anga ratou haere ki te tata-Earth poroāwhio rima American "Shuttle" - rakau wāhi. Mai i 1981 ki te 2011, i whakamana 135 flights. Tukua ki te ohuraa 1.6 Whārangi. Taranata o payloads me taputapu, kawea atu rangahau papatipu, hanga, me te mahi tāutanga.

Teie mahana, me te apopo

Mai 2011, te maua e Cape Canaveral rōnihi topu. I roto i te hononga ki te whakaiti i roto i te pūtea mō ngā hōtaka wāhi i roto i te mahi kua tautoko reira wha anake Pads whakarewatanga. complexes wāhanga faaapоhia te ka ake ki te rere i te kawe hou. Hei tauira, kei te te whakarite i te tāutanga o LC-39A (te wā tuatahi mai 2011) ki te tukua atu he raupapa o tākirirangi wāhi Falcon 9FT. February-Maehe 2017 e toru tīmatanga hōtaka.

karanga te āputa o hononga ōhanga ki Russia ki te pātai etahi kaupapa US oranga. Kei te hoko te reira i te whanaketanga piki nui o ngā pokapū wāhi tūmataiti. Ko te kupu, ki te kaupapa Dragon me Falcon-9 i te whāinga o te kamupene o SpaceX whakaiti te fakafalala o te ahumahi i runga i te wae i Russia. Na whakapumautia NPO "ENERGOMASH" tona hihiko ki te tuu i roto i US i roto i te rua tau e 14 engine tākirirangi RD-181 i te whakaaetanga mutu i mua.