Anatoly Efros - kiriata Soviet me te kaiwhakahaere whakaari. Haurongo, auahatanga

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich (tau o te ora - 1925-1987) - kaiwhakahaere kiriata Soviet me te kaiako. I roto i te 1976 riro ia te taitara o te Artist kororia o te RSFSR.

Ko te tau take me wawe

whanau Anatoly i roto i Kharkov, Hune 3, 1925. e kore e tona utuafare no ki te taiao tapere. mahi ngā mātua Anatoly i te wheketere rererangi. Otiia, heke mai te tamarikitanga kaiwhakahaere aroha o te whare tapere. I hiahia ia i Stanislavsky, lau e pā ana ki ana mahi. I muri i te kura nui, ka anga Anatoly ki ako i roto i Moscow. tae ia kura i te Theatre. Kaunihera City Moscow.

E ako ana i roto i GITIS

Efros Anatoliy Vasilevich i 1944 tomo GITIS i te arata'iraa i tari (te akoranga M. O. Knebel me NV Petrova). I roto i te 1950 puta ia ki te hōnore. Tu'ite mahi Anatoly Vasilyevich - "Prague he toku", hanga e te rātaka herehere Yu Fucik. tahuri Tīpakonga o te ariki me te akoranga i roto i ki te kia waimarie mō te Efros: Knebel, he kaiako nui me te tauira o Stanislavsky, i taea ki te hoatu i te kaha ki te mahino te whare tapere hinengaro mohio ia. Hoki tona ora katoa noho Anatoliy mahi hoki toi "wheako." whakawhanakehia e ia a auaha reworked te pūnaha Stanislavsky, me te ona tikanga o te mahi ki te kaiwhakaari.

Ko te mahi tuatahi o te mahi i roto i te CDT

hoatu Anatoly ana mahi tuatahi i roto i te whare tapere Ryazan, a i roto i te tau 1954 i whakaritea tino kaiwhakahaere o te Moscow Central tamariki a Theatre. CDT (i teie nei te Theatre Youth) ka anga Efros ki atamira mahi e kore anake mō ngā tamariki. Tenei haere mai nga kaitapere taitamariki, o ratou ingoa i muri i hanga rongonui atamira Russian: Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Efremov, Lev Durov. Na awhinatia Anatoly Efros whakakitea te taranata. Ko roto i whakatakotoria nga MDGs i roto i te 1950 nga parau tumu o te whare tapere hou i roto i to tatou whenua.

Ki te ingoa o V. Rozov (pokapū whakaahua), kaitito, hono he wāhanga nui i roto i nga mahi wawe o Anatoly Vasilyevich (whakaahua maui), me te te whare tapere Russian i roto i te whānui. He rota o te whakaari tū e tenei kaituhi Efros: i roto i te 1957 - "imiraa i te oaoa", i roto i te 1960 - "whawhai rere", i roto i te 1962 - "i mua i te kainga." I muri mai, i te mahi Anatoly Vasilyevich whare tapere Lenin Komsomol reira i roto i 1964 i whakakitea "te ra o te kororia," me i 1972, i te whare matakitaki i runga i Malaya Bronnaya tuatahitia ai "teina Alyosha" e Fedoru Dostoevskomu. Ko te CDT tetahi o nga mahi tuatahi o Anatoly Vasilyevich ko te tākaro i roto i 1955, "Ngā manaakitanga pai!" (Pink). ka te reira i tino tata ki te kaiwhakahaere O. Efremov. O te akoranga, i mauhaa i roto i te whakawhanake i te ariā o "Contemporary", te rongonui tino i roto i te 1950, te whare tapere Russian tenei mahi. whakatuwheratia te reira e rua tau i muri mai i te tākaro "Taengata ora" tū Pink Eparaima. O te akoranga, e taea te whakaaro Efros tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te whare tapere. taunakitanga atu o tenei - te meka i hoatu Anatoly i te "Contemporary" tetahi o nga mahi tuatahi - "Aita" (E. De Filippo) Ruru Tolmacheva ko Eparaima.

tītohunga Efros

Ko te āhuatanga o Efros, e i haere tahi e te kaiwhakahaere mo tata tona ora katoa (anake mo te wā whakamutunga o ia) ko te meka e kore i nui, me te nui rongo tona. Ko e kore rawa "huatau" kaiwhakahaere ranei Anatoly. I mene ingoa atu - O. Efremov (i roto i te 1960), Yuri Lyubimov (i roto i te 1970). Ko ratou nga toa (me deservedly pera) whare tapere whakarongo o aua tau. Heoi, ko tiketike rawa te mana auaha o Anatoly Efros roto ngaio (kaiwhakahaere, kaiwhakaari, Playwrights, fakaangá). Ko e mo'oni, ko ana mahi i te angitu ki te whakarongo, koa ratou tiaki ai, ka aroha e maha. Heoi, ki te mauruuru tino te auaha katoa me hohonu o te "iti-rōrahi" te arata'iraa i Anatoly Vasilyevich taea tika ngaio nei i pai i roto i te whare tapere. Ko reira nui e tata katoa o nga kaitapere, e mahi tahi ki Efros, haamana'o whakamahia tenei mahi rite te oaoa mau. He taumata tiketike rawa o te āhukahuka, pea te teitei - e kore e tika hei roa i roto i te ora o te kaiwhakahaere rongonui, engari ano hoki he kōrero mō ngā hoa e e te tikanga e kore e tino nui te hehema ki tata tākare tūmatanui.

Natalia Krymov ko Anatoly Efros

Mai i kāreti kaiwhakahaere nui A. Efros me te whakaari pai me whare tapere fakaanga i muri 1960-80-doma N. Krymov. kihai i marenatia ratou kawenata anake, ko reira he taupiri auaha kaha, whakatau te whakarau o maha nga tau o te whare tapere Russian. i ratou he tama, Dmitry, e riro te kaiwhakahaere, me te atamira kaihoahoa.

Mahi i roto i te Theatre. Lenin Komsomol

whakahaere Anatoly Efros ki te hanga rongonui CDT. I muri i taua i whakaritea e ia ki te whare matakitaki. Lenin Komsomol tino kaiwhakahaere (i roto i te 1963). Kei te haere tenei whakaari i roto i ngā wā pakeke ka. Hoki te aroha o te whakarongo i ia Efros - tatau i runga i taua Tari o Culture. He tupuni katoa o kaiwhakaari pūmanawa huihui i raro i te kara o Anatoly Vasilyevich. tonu ka rongonui i roto i te whare tapere Moscow katoa o ratou ingoa i roto i te maha tikanga whakawhetai ki tenei kaiwhakahaere pūmanawa, Anatoly Efros. Na Olga Yakovleva ko A. Zbruev, Ma'u 'a te tahi atu toi pai-mohiotia (A. Dmitriev, Yu Kolychev, M. Derzhavin, A. Shirvindt, V. Larionov, L. Durov me ētahi atu.) Rongonui nui. Ko te pūtirotiro hoki ki te whare matakitaki. ngā Real riro maha ngā, i roto ia ratou: 1964 "I te ra o te marena" me "104 api e pā ana ki te aroha", 1965 "E toku Marat Poor" me "hanga i te kiriata ...", 1966 - "te koekoea" me "Moliere" . whakaari lyrical Efros (kore publicist!) hoki whakaari nāianei (Radzinsky, māwhero, merengi) i tino tupato. i Hotua ratou raruraru existential o te intelligentsia o te wa, whakaaro e pā ana ki te mea wahi kua hoatu ki te takitahi i roto i te hapori. Heoi, kahore iti hāngai ko te tauākī matarohia o Anatoly Vasilyevich, me tenei ahakoa te meka e te tutu "modernizing" kihai i reira i roto i a ratou. Tenei meinga te riri. i nekehia atu Anatoly Efros i te kaiārahi o tenei whare tapere i roto i te 1967.

ka Efros kaiwhakahaere o te whare matakitaki i runga i Mareia Bronnaya

riro ia te kaiwhakahaere i muri ko inaianei te whare matakitaki i runga i Mareia Bronnaya. Heoi tano kore te tūranga i te aukati i te meka e te whare matakitaki i muri tonu i te taenga o Anatoly Vasilyevich ka mohiotia rite "Efros whare tapere." Ehara i anake 17 tau katoa o reira kawea e ia tona ingoa tenei kaiwhakahaere, engari he maha nga tau e i muri. Kua enei 17 tau kua hoki Anatoly Efros hari, ahakoa uaua. Ko te taha ki pai o te pou o te muri i taua hanga reira taea reira ki te whakanui arotahi ki runga i to ratou tikanga.

Efros karapotia e te kamupene nui - i Lenkoma i muri ia ia ka haere atu etahi o nga kaitapere. te hunga katoa e mahi ki Anatoly Vasilyevich, whakaaro ratou ana akonga, ara te hunga e kore i ako i roto i GITIS i runga i tona akoranga (whakaako ia i reira taratahitahi mai 1964). mahi Malaya Bronnaya wā kotahi V. Gaft, L. Durov, A. Yakovlev, N. Volkov, M. Shirvindt, Bronevoy L., L. Rauna, M. Derzhavin, A. Dahl, A. Petrenko, S. Lyubshin, E . Korenev, Mr. Martyniuk, Saifulin G., M. Kanev. Tau o te mahi tahi ki a Efros mo tokomaha o ratou i pono oranga. Ina e, te whare tapere, kei runga i Malaya Bronnaya, ka te pokapū o te ora i te pae varua o te whakapaipai - me tenei ahakoa te meka e reira ko Taganka. whakatangi mahi Anatoliya Efrosa counterpoint taimaha, me te motuhake ki ana ngā. Theatre kaiwhakahaere A. Efros ko te kaitoi, e kore te kaitōrangapū. Tona noa reira ki mure ore.

Te hononga ki a Yuri Lyubimov

I roto i te 1970, i rangatōpū me whakaute te whanaungatanga Efros me Darling (whakaahua i runga ake). Anatoly Efros i roto i 1973 tū i raro i te taitara "Just he kupu torutoru i roto i te korero o Monsieur de Moliere". Ko te tūranga matua i roto i reira te takaro Lyubimov. E, i roto i te tahuri, karangatia ki te whare matakitaki i runga i Taganka Efros ki atamira i te tākaro "Te Cherry Orchard." hoatu wheako New kaiwhakaari tagankovskim whai wāhi i roto i reira.

tū mahi o whakaari puāwaitanga me te nāianei i te whare matakitaki i runga i Mareia Bronnaya

He tauākī i runga i Malaya Bronnaya ka he kōrero pono - te nuinga matarohia. "Romeo and Juliet," "toru Sisters," "Othello," "te faaipoiporaa," "He Marama i roto i te Country", "Don Giovanni", "teina Alyosha" - ia o ratou ko te matakitakinga hou, me te ohorere, whakakitea hou mo ia o ona ngā mema āhuatanga tona taranata o. Heoi Theatre Anatoly Efros ki ana whakaora nui toi hoki tano mahi hoatu i runga i te tākaro hou "Old Arbat patupaiarehe Tales," "Days hari tangata pouri", "Theatre Kaiwhakahaere", "Summer me Smoke", "Ko te tangata i", me ētahi atu . mahi Anatoly he rota i roto i tenei wā i runga i te pouaka whakaata, titiro hoki tikanga hou o te faaiteraa. Ia i tuhituhi ano he mahi nui i runga i whakatika pepa whakaaro e pā ana ki te heke mai, me te hakari o te whare tapere.

kēmu tōrangapū

Ahakoa te meka e, kaha tautoko ia A. Dunaev, e mahi i te whare matakitaki i runga i Malaya Bronnaya tumuaki kaiwhakahaere, e maha riria Efros mahi. Heoi, tamata Anatoly ki ora, i ata te tupato, me te mea ite ore ki te kēmu tōrangapū e kua whakaaro tau o te whare tapere. tu kore Efros kaiwhakahaere. tutuki hurihuri o ana ngā i roto i te raruraru morare whakaarahia e te rapu o te intelligentsia, te whakapakoko āta ia i meinga. Na roto i te kaiwhakahaere waenganui o te 70 Anatoly Efros timata ki te whakaaro rite whakama. I roto i tona tauākī i runga i te kaupapa o nāianei i reira ngāwari ki te kitea nä pāpori, me te tōrangapū - kua araia ratou, mo te tauira, "whaiaipo Kokobashkin". Heoi, ki te waiata e kore i pera ohie reira - ka timata Anatoly Efros ki kupu i te meka e faahuru reira i te reira. Mahi i runga i Malaya Bronnaya Street ko te mahi atamira kaiwhakahaere āhua marino whakamutunga.

tau Hard o te mahi i te Taganka Theatre

Kogan, kaiwhakahaere o te whare tapere, i te 1983, whakaaturia whawhai Efros. I roto i te 1984, Anatoly tona mahue. Heoi, e kore te tika mahue reira - ka haere Efros ki te mahi i te tino kaiwhakahaere Taganka Theatre, i roto i tenei tūranga mā te whakakapi Yuri Lyubimov. Rawa whakaari i ïa i roto i tenei wā o tona ora. i nga wa katoa te hopoia toia Anatoly ki kēmu tōrangapū, ahakoa te meka i karohia tonu ia ratou. Hoki te wā tuatahi i timata ana mahi ki te kia aromatawaitia i runga i te pāpori, kaua ki te paearu toi.

tatali whakarau uaua te kaiwhakahaere Anatoly Efros. Tona haurongo i tenei wa tohua e taa i runga i te wahi o hoa. Ko te kaiwhakahaere hou o te kaimahi whare tapere kihai i manako ki. Pono He wāhi i konei, me te ōwehenga o Yuri Lyubimov, e kitea ia i roto i te taenga patu-whawhati o Efros. Kua reo whakaaturia Lyubimov e hanga tona hoa he "tinihanga." kua taea ki te mahi ki a Efros Tagankovskie torutoru kaiwhakaari - Smekhov V., V. Zolotukhin, A. Demidov. Kua whakaaturia etahi he kia kaua e mura. ka haere mai ngā tikanga nuinga whakarihariha o te pakanga ki tākaro. Na roto i te ātete o te kapa katoa i tukua mahi whakamutunga o Anatoly Vasilyevich - ". Rātapu Ataahua mō te pikiniki" "Te Cherry Orchard," "Ko te Misanthrope," "Ko e Lower Rire,", E rave rahi mau piahi i roto i tenei pakanga i muri kī i he ratou. Heoi, tupu tenei nui i muri.

Mate o A. Efros

Anatoly Efros, January 13, 1987, ka mate o te whakaeke ngakau. I teie mahana, ka te ingoa o Anatoly Vasilyevich wahi o te hītori o te toi tapere o te whenua, me taua ingoa nui rite K. S. Stanislavsky, V. E. Meyerhold, E. B. Vahtangov, A. Ya. Tairov.