Central Bank: te mahi, tūnga, uara

Ko te tuhaa tino nui o te pūnaha pēke me tona whakahaere i roto i tetahi whenua ko te pēke pokapū. He rerekē, me te rawa ngā nga mahi o tenei institution, no te mea te mau uiraa e whai wāhi e ia i roto i, takoto i roto i ao rerekē o te ora ōhanga o te kāwanatanga. Ko tōna mahi matua, ko te ki te whakarite i te pūmautanga o te moni motu i roto i te whenua, me te ki te mau tonu tona auau whakawhiti i runga i te mākete ke.

I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e kore he kaupapa te whare pūtea ki te kī tika. E mea pinepine te rangatira ōkawa o te taonga o te pēke, ko te tinana kāwanatanga, engari te nuinga o ngā kaipupuri - tangata tūmataiti. Ko te matua mahi o te pēke pokapū e tino nui, me te tata te taua mo āhua katoa o te whenua:

• Tuatahi, ko te Central Bank ko te kaituku o te moni, mahi i roto i te whenua, e ko, te pakeke te korero, Kei te tā moni;
• Tuarua, mahi reira rite te "pareparenga o pareparenga", tavini reira nga hiahia o arumoni pūtahi pūtea, me te aroturuki i te pūmautanga o te pūnaha katoa, tango ki mau tonu rahui e hiahiatia ana;
• A toru, te kaimahi te reira rite te kaupapa here moni aratohu, a na reira kei te whakatinana i te maha o ngā mahi.

Na, Ko te aha te tikanga kua tetahi pareparenga pokapū kua tenei. Ko te mahi e rave te reira i roto i te hononga ki te whakahaere o te kaupapa here moni, he hoki tika o te aro, me te kahore moni, whakaoho ratou ki tona hononga ki tahatika arumoni. whakahaere Central Bank pikinga me te moni motu, a ka meatia e ia ki te awhina o e toru mea pūtea:

1. whakahaere supply moni. rahi o te moni te whakaiti i te tono mo ratou me te whakaiti ratou utu. Ka rite ki te hua o te moni i roto i te mākete ke te whiwhi iti, me te pikinga whakatere. taputapu puhuki, e tino pā te tukanga i roto i te ōhanga mākete.
2. Whakahaere o te turanga auau huamoni me te nui o rahui e hiahiatia. Whakaiti me te whakanui ake i enei tohu e rua, te whakahaere hoki i te Central Bank te "utu" o te moni , me te regulates te pūnaha pēke, i roto i tona pānga i runga i te supply me te tono mō te moni me te koloa hokohoko.
3. wawaotanga whakawhiti Foreign. Ko te taputapu tino whakamahia nuitia, i te mea pānga tino iti i runga i te pikinga, engari tauturu te reira ki te whakahaere i te auau utu o te moni motu. Hoko ranei hoko hoki te moni motu i runga i te mākete tuwhera, ka taea e te Central Bank whakaawe tona taimaha i roto i te ōhanga, me te, no reira, tona utu ranei. I tua atu, kia whai wāhi ia i roto i te hoko me te hoko o peeke tukuna e te kāwanatanga.

Te pēke pokapū, e ngā mahi rite ki te whenua kia whaiti ranei whānui atu, o te akoranga, ko te okana faufaa i roto i te pūnaha pūtea, me te nama o te kāwanatanga. I tua atu ki pareparenga tikanga, whakarato reira loans ki te āhua, whai wāhi pūtea taurewa ā, me te hoko here puta e te Tāhuhu o Finance tinana rite ranei. Ko te mahi o te Central Bank o Russia, me te, pea, e kore e mutu ētahi atu whenua i reira. Te nuinga o te Central Bank te mahi ano i roto i te kohinga, me te whakaputanga o te mōhiohio tauanga e pā ana ki te tohu macroeconomic, te whakatūnga o te reiti moni mōhiohio me ētahi atu mahi atu.

He uaua te pūnaha ōhanga o tetahi whenua ki te kitea te tinana e no ni'ai te taua mea rite nui rite te pēke pokapū. E mea faufaa e kahore ratou, pea, te āhua noa e taea te kore e ora i roto i te ōhanga mākete nga mahi e fakahoko ai, me nga wero e whakatau te reira.