Pūnaha Credit: ona āhuatanga matua me mau parau tumu o te mahi

Ko te "pūnaha nama" wā i titiro e tohunga i te maha ngā o tirohanga. I runga i te ringa kotahi, ngā reira whakanōhanga nama katoa o ngā taumata rerekē, whai wāhi i roto i te whakarato o ngā ratonga pēke. I te tahi atu te ringa - ko reira he huinga o ngā ture me mau parau tumu i runga nei i te mahi katoa pūnaha pēke.

I tēnei wā, ko te pūnaha nama o tata whenua katoa ngā toru taumata taketake. hipokina ana te taumata tuatahi o te pēke pokapū motu ranei o te whenua. mahi te reira i te mahi o te mana i runga i te tahi atu taumata, i roto i te tua, e tika ana te pēke e o tuku moni. Tenei te tikanga e he reira haepapa mō te whakahaere i te supply moni i roto i te tohanga. te mauria atu te Central Bank tetahi o nga mahi tino nui: kua mahi i roto i te rokiroki rāhui. I roto i ētahi wā, whakarato reira taurewa ki tūmatanui mana ranei ki pareparenga arumoni ki raro wae, a ka wahi hoki peeke kāwanatanga. whakaritea te pūnaha nama kei roto i te ara taua e te National Bank me te mahi kāwanatanga tahi ki te whakatutuki i te tahi mau whāinga, engari kihai i pā ai nga ngākau nuitanga o ia atu. Hei tauira, te pareparenga matua o te whenua te whakatinana nga mahi whakawhanakehia e te Kawanatanga, me te tuku ki roto i te kaupapa here moni o te kāwanatanga.

Ko te taumata tuarua o te pūnaha nama no ki te huinga o tahatika arumoni. whakaaro te whakaaro matua o ratou mahi te ki kia hanga he pai i roto i te nui mōrahi. Ko hoki tenei te rerekētanga matua i te pēke pokapū, rite ona mahi ngā i roto i te ture, me te mana. pūtahi nama o te āhua arumoni ko te pūtake o te pūnaha pēke katoa, kia rite ki te mahi ratou rite takawaenga i waenganui i te iwi me te kāwanatanga. E ai ki te ariā ohaoha, he pēke i roto i te tikanga ki tonu o te kupu, e taea te whakaaro te whakahaere anake, e mahi e toru ngā mahi nui: tiakina, utu, nama. Ko te pēke pokapū i tona ngarahu pai, whakatau ranei ki te whakaputa i tetahi pareparenga motuhake raihana. Otiia kihai i whai i te whakamutunga te tika ki te kawe i roto i o ratou mahi, kahore he raihana, e ko te ki te mea, ka kia whakaaturia tetahi hoko null i takoto kau.

presupposes pūnaha nama Russian te oraraa o te toru o nga taumata, e ngā motuhake pūtahi pūtea. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko nga whakahaere e kua riro te tika ki te whakahere etahi momo o ngā mahi, engari te pēke i huaina i roto i te tikanga tonu e kore e taea e enei. Ki te hunga pūtahi ngā moni penihana, inihua, me kamupene teka, haumi me te whakahaere penapena. Ko te kupu, ko te pūtake o to ratou mahi ngā etahi ratonga pēke. Hei tauira, kei te nuinga o hanga te whakahaere penapena pareparenga rite te hinonga motuhake mo te whakaaro o piki moni o te taupori me te tohatoha anō atu i roto i te puka o karaati me loans, homai i runga i te pūtake wā-poto. Ka taea te whakaaro tirohanga tuku wā roa-rite moni penihana, kia rite ki te hunga ratou mo te wa roa whakaemi moni i runga i te huru o utu wā i roto i te heke mai. Ko rite te roa rite kore i te wā kua whakatakotoria mai ki te kia haumi taea te tikanga moni o ki o ratou te ngarahu pai, hei tauira, mā te whakarato pūtea taurewa.

Tenei wehenga ki ngā taumata ka taea ki a koe streamline ngā pūtahi pūtea, e nui whakahaere te tukanga o te mana mo a ratou. Heoi, e kore whenua katoa i te pūnaha pūtea, me te nama e wehea ki toru ngā taumata matua. hiahia ētahi iwi ki te whakanui i te rua tuatahi anake, i runga i te tohu o te whanaketanga ōhanga o te whenua rānei. I tua atu, he ona ake āhuatanga te pūnaha o ia whenua. Hei tauira, i roto i te US reira ko te wehenga kāwanatanga ki āhua motuhake, a whakanohoia ia kāwanatanga ona ake pareparenga pokapū. Ko te kupu, ko te pūnaha nama American i te taumata tuatahi ngā pareparenga motu 12.