Tuatoru Roma - ko ... tenei aha Moscow - te Tuatoru Roma?

ahakoa kei te maha o ngā tau o mua e fakakehei te kupu whakaaro ranei i manakohia o te rōpū te tohutohu Māoritanga ranei? Tangohia, mo te tauira, parau haapiiraa superman kinokore o te Nietzsche o te Atua i roto ia tatou. arahina ia Germany me te ao ki te whawhai ao, me te te whakaaro o te taurite - ki te Pakanga o Independence me te parade whakapehapeha takatāpui. he taonga hītori Russian i roto i taua ariā: pakū ratou ake wa katoa ina ko te iwi i te pekanga o te ara. Ko tētahi o ēnei ariā - te kōrero o te Tuatoru Roma. Aha Moscow - te Tuatoru Roma, me pehea ki te matau i te reira i teie mahana, ahakoa whakaaro moke haehaa e ka kohuki ana kupu mo tenetere? Kia kōrero a pā ana ki tenei i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

Pehea ka anga te reira katoa: ko te pukapuka Philotheus

Roa i mua, i roto i te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau XVI., I tuhituhi Pskov Ekalesia Filofei te raupapa o reta. Ko te tuatahi - he tohu o te ripeka - ngā ia ki te Grand Piriniha Vasily, te tuarua - ki kaititiro whetu - diakono, confessor o te rangatira. Ko reira he pukapuka o whakatupato ki nga fifi o te wa: kaititiro whetu o hairesi me muzhelozhtsev. Ko te tono ki te kawana karanga ia tona "kaitiaki o te torona o te hahi" me "te kingi o Karaitiana katoa", harore Moscow "basileia", i puta mai huihui whenua Karaitiana katoa, hanga konei te pokapū wairua o te Siu - "basileia romeyskoy", Roma. A atu: "Pali Roma tuatahi, me te tuarua; nga turanga te toru me te wha e kore e tupu. "

E kore te mea mohiotia ranei reira Filofei kaiwhakarewa o tenei ariā. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, whakaaro pukapuka Metropolitan Zosima te ariā o te 30 tau i Tuatoru Roma i mua i te moke Pskov. Whakaahua i te ngako o te taua Zosima Moscow i huaina "whai o Constantinople." Hei matau ki taua kupu te churchmen Russian, he mea e tika ana ki te rumakina e ki te hītori o taua wa.

Ko te āhuatanga hītori

I roto i 1439 te Patereareha o Constantinople mutu ki Roma Florentine Union, te āhukahuka i te tuatahi o te Pope me o tiaki Ofotokisií ouau ōkawa anake. Ko he wā uaua mo te Empire Byzantine: tu Ottoman Turkey i te kuwaha, whakawehi tona motuhake. Constantinople i tumanako hoki te tautoko i nga kingi Western i roto i te whawhai ki nga whakaeke, engari e kore te awhina haere mai.

I roto i 1453 hinga te whakapaipai, i patua te patereareha me te kingi. Ko reira te mutunga o te Hau emepera Roma Eastern.

Ko te tūranga o te Siu Ekalesia Russian

Whakatika ki tenei wāhi te rangatira nui rawa o Russian hahi rohe taea me nga kingi whakawahi te patereareha anake - minita o te Atua i runga i te whenua - a anake i roto i Constantinople, tenei apataki tangata o te rangatiratanga o te Karaiti. I roto i tenei tikanga, i ti'aturi i runga i tona hoa ki te rawhiti i te Russian. Te Duke Grand kua roa kī te taitara kingi. I roto i te 1472, ara marenatia Ivan III ki Zoe (Sophia) Palaeologus, te tamahine a te Hiha Byzantine whakamutunga. Ki reira, tangohia ake ana Ivan te ekara rite te tohu o te āhua hou. Ōkawa, i tika ia ki whenua tuku iho - te kainga o tana wahine.

Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te minita Russian, ko uniana he tinihanga o te Ekalesia Siu, he wehenga atu i te whakapono pono. utua Empire hoki reira te whakaekenga o Mahometa. Romeyskoe rangatiratanga - matua o te Karaiti, a ki reira te tika o te patereareha, haere ki te Bastion anake e toe ana o Ofotokisií - Ekalesia Russian. Here i teie nei tu te Tuatoru Roma - tenei rangatiratanga fenua nei o te Atua i runga i te whenua.

Ko te tuatahi, me te tuarua Reams

E ai ki a Philotheus, tuatahi Roma - Ko te Mure he pa tawhito, i whakangaromia i roto i te rau tau IX. mohoao i muri i te wehenga o hahi i roto i te uru me te rawhiti. E topa i Latins i roto i "Apolinarievoy titorehanga" tukua te mana'o o te Karaiti. oho Romeyskoe rangatiratanga ki Constantinople.

mau tu Tuarua Roma ki runga ki te rau tau XVI., a ka ka ngaro e nga Turkey Ottoman i utu mo te tinihanga i te pae varua. ka mohio te mutunga o te Florentine Union i rite titorehanga, i nei i te Russian Grand Duke, muri Kingi, ki te tiaki Rus.

Roma Tuatoru - Moscow

Ahakoa i roto i te kupu Philotheus tātaitanga tōrangapū? O te akoranga, kia whai i te mana pokapū kaha me te mana i roto i te ao ao te rangatiratanga o te Atua. Otiia e kore e tiaki e pā ana ki te āhuatanga tōrangapū o te moke Pskov.

I muri riro te Ekalesia Russian kua nga tika o te Patriarchate Byzantine, he reira:

1. Ka motuhake, e kore te Metropolitan i whai ki te piko ki raro, ki Constantinople, i whakaritea e ia i te pǔpǔ ekalesiatiko rohe, a kahore i nga Kariki.
2. i taea e ki te marena te rangatira i runga i te torona, me te titau tona tiaki rangatira Russian.

I whakamatauria te whakaaro o te Third Roma i te kaituhi o te pukapuka poropiti - te kōrero Faufaa Tahito o te kingitanga wha o te whenua, me nga mea ora e wha. Ko te tuatahi - he ke - ngaro i roto i nga ra o Ihipa, Ahiria, a Europe tawhito. Ko te rangatiratanga tuarua - Latin (Ancient Roma), i roto i te meka te Karaitiana tuatahi; te tuatoru - Byzantium. Tuawha - te whenua - kia te whakamutunga, rite ka whakangaromia ai te anatikaraiti ia, ka whakapuaki e te mutunga o te ao.

Ko te karere o te moke ko atu wehi o te poautinitini atu whakapehapeha i roto i te ara o te Ekalesia Russian. Ki te ka hinga Moscow me hinga, e kore e tika Karaitiana - ka waiho i te reira i te mutunga o te tangata. Na reira te rangatira, whakawahia nei Russian Metropolitan, mahara ki te tiaki i te whakapono pono o Mahometa infidels me titorehanga, tae atu Katorika.

Me pēhea te ki te tango i te kupu Philotheus i te hapori?

I roto i te rerekē ki te kaituhi fakatu'atamaki, kua tāutuhia te minita Russian te taha pai o te ariā: te whakapehapeha me nui. Tuatoru Roma - ko te pou o te katoa o Karaitiana tenei. Ehara i te mea maere e ki runga ki whakahounga o Nikon i te kōrero me te whakarite i roto i ara katoa i faatia Monakhovo kupu:

1. Novgorod "Te Tale o te cowl ma" (1600) ta e i roto i nga wa onamata hoatu Konstantin Veliky te potae Metropolitan Sylvester - he tohu o te ana'iraa Siasí tiketike. whakamā Ekalesia Russian, me te kore i whakaae ki te homai, engari kua hoki mai te tuaukiuki i roto i Novgorod ki Moscow, te wahi tika ai ka mau te rangatira hou.
2. Ko te parabole o te karauna o Monomakh: me pehea ki a Russia kihai i fakalotu, me te fakamāmaní ka ūhia kingi, i haere tikanga i whakawahi o te Atua - te tuatahi Tsar Ivan te Terrible.

Ahakoa te meka e ko te reira i te whakakotahitanga wa uaua o nga whenua Russian ki te āhua Russian kotahi, wahi i roto i te tuhinga e pā ana, e kore e te ariā o te Tuatoru Roma tangi. Taea i runga i te pūtake o te runga ake, ki te faaoti e ko huatau i roto i te pǔpǔ ekalesiatiko, e awhina te motuhake o te Ekalesia, ona mau haamaitairaa te whakaaro. He wa tino roa , tenei ariā i kahore mahu'inga tōrangapū.

Tuatoru Roma ko Nikon

Ko te tangi taketake Philotheus ko he tautohe ki Mahometa kore anake, engari ki titorehanga. Kei te matau te reira i rite te pūtaiao, me tetahi innovations. Ko hoki Nikon whakahou ki whakakotahi nga tikanga karakia he wehenga atu i te iho. ka kite a Nikon kaitautoko Hapakuku rite te anatikaraiti - te tuawha o nga kararehe, e e whakangaro i te rangatiratanga romeyskoy whakamutunga.

Mana rāhuitia Philotheus folofolá me nga pakiwaitara katoa me kupu whakarite, e e hāngai autaki ranei tohu ki te ariā o te moke Pskov i no te mea whakamatauria ratou te whaitake o ngā ture nga Tuí Old '. Kua tangohia e te kau angatu'u tenei whakaaro ki a ia ki Siberia me monasteries mamao. Mohoa noa nei, conservatives whakapono e te Tuatoru Roma - ko te hahi tawhito Ot Moscow e te vai noa e ora ratou tenei - ona māngai pono, me te anake.

Eaha tei tupu i muri?

E au ra te reira i pā ana ki te ariā o te Tolú Roma, a kua wareware te Ekalesia, me te whiriwhiri tōrangapū. Otiia i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX i hoatu ai i te whanau hou. I roto i te hononga ki te whakatūnga o te patereareha Torona i Russia me e hiahiatia wawe te iwi Russian he whakaaro whakakotahi, i whakaputaina pukapuka Philotheus. ka te reira i ariā e wātea ana: "Moscow - te Roma Tuatoru", te faufaa o e kua puta ke iti: tetahi whakahua o te titorehanga i nekehia atu, mahue noa he kupu e pā ana ki Mahometa.

philosopho Russian i whakaarohia Vladimir Ikonnikov tikanga, haapuai te niniiraa i Ingarangi, me te Māoritanga o Russia: Moscow i muri ka mau te hinga o Byzantium tona wahi tika i roto i whanaunga ao, ko reira - te kaiwhakaora o Karaitiana me te tangata, no te mea o te "wha Roma e kore." Ko tona tūranga hītori, tona misioni tenei, i runga i tenei kaupapa, kua reira te tika ki te waiho i te kingitanga ao.

ariā huringa muri

Mai i taua momeniti huaina te Tuatoru Roma Russia rite te Takaparawha o te tangata, attributing tona misioni nui. Rawa ki te whakapakari i te whakaaro, me te tamata panslavinisty Slavophiles. Soloviev, mo te tauira, i whakapono e kua he wāhi matua i roto i te whakakotahitanga o Te Tai Rāwhiti me Te Hau-ā-uru, o Karaitiana katoa i raro i te maru o te Siu Ekalesia Russian Russia. tuhituhi faihisitōlia Ivan Kirillov e te ariā o Moscow rite te Tuatoru Roma, ko te whakaaro Russian o motu whaiaro-faaotiraa, whaiaro mahara-, i hapa te whenua tenei wa katoa tenei. e kore e Karaitiana Siu whakakotahi anake nga iwi fraternal katoa, engari patua ano hoki te Muslim Ottoman Empire, e kore te mea patua tuatahi. I roto i te pakanga whakaoranga i roto i nga whakaaro Balkans ka tino rongonui i roto i te iwi.

Mai reira e i peia auraa wairua, me te ecclesial te kupu hopea ka tōrangapū Philotheus,.

I roto i ngā wā Soviet,

Ko te ariā i te tikanga kua i roto i te huarahi rerekē i roto i te hanganga o te kāwanatanga Soviet, engari ki i ako te haerenga mai o Stalin, ako nga meatanga me pakiwaitara. Kua kï reira e pā ana te romeyskoy ariā rangatiratanga anake ki me'a fakalaumālié.

Ko te mārama tenei. kihai i Me te āhua nui Soviet te tahi atu ariā, i roto i te tua ki te wikitoria o Communism puta noa te ao ki te huihui nga iwi e tata ana. Na ka rāhuitia te haapa'oraa. ara i nekehia Tales o te moke Pskov i te pukapuka.

i tenei ra

hinga te Soviet Union, ka tahuri te iwi ki te Atua, a ka timata ano ki te titiro i ona tīwhiri hītori i te ara Russian. rangahau me ngā tānga katoa kua oti ti'afaahou i Philotheus ki Berdyaev ko Solovyov, whakamārama he aha Moscow - te Tuatoru Roma. I roto i nga pukapuka hītori katoa rite te ariā tōrangapū haere e mai teie tau whakakitea te iwi Russian i roto i te aronga tika o te whanaketanga. korero kotahi ano Nationalists e pā ana ki te misioni Russian i roto i te aamu ao.

wehea te Religion tenei ra i te iwi, Heoi, ko maha te tangata tuatahi i roto i te whenua i roto i te hahi, whakaurua haapiiraa Ofotokisií i ngā kura me ngā whare wānanga, ki te whakarongo ki te Patereareha, tango rongoā takawaenga. Me pehea e taea e miharo e maha whakamārama i te ariā o te pūtaiao tōrangapū Western Third Roma te wahi o Russia i te ao te ao koutou!

Na Panslavism, mua, expansionism Soviet, whakaaro motu Russian, te ara pono, te misioni hītori - whakamārama tenei katoa te ariā o te Tuatoru Roma, whakaahuatia moke Filofeem i 1523-1524 tau. Ahakoa i matau faifekau e ka kitea i ana kupu i te tono whānui? Ki te tirohia e koe i te horopaki o te (tonu o ngā karere tuhi), me te āhuatanga o mua, e taea kite tatou e te hue tōrangapū nui i roto i te ariā i reira. Anake te karakia, Paipera, wehi mo te rangatiratanga o te hahi me te mana o te Ekalesia Russian. Heoi, hoki e rave rahi tenetere kupu Philotheus ano mercilessly whakamahia e te hunga e whai hua i te maimoatanga rerekē, ka riro tetahi tikanga. Me pēhea te kia matau i tenei ra i te "Moscow - te Tuatoru Roma"? Ka rite ki te katoa atu i runga i nga whakaaro o mua, ia me takitahi whakatau mehemea kei te whakaaro te reira i te hua o te wa, ki te whakamārama i te ariā o te āhua hou o take ranei.