Coal: āhuatanga. Coal: te takenga, production, utu

Mai nga wa onamata, whakamahi te taata waro rite te puna o te pūngao. A i tenei ra ko te reira kohuke whai hua whānui nui whakamahia. I te tahi taime e karangatia ana ko te pūngao kōmaru, pūmau nei i roto i te kohatu.

tono

tahu Coal te ki hoatu wera i te mea mo te wai wera me te whakawera o whare. pōhatu Whaihua whakamahia i roto i ngā tukanga tango, o konganuku. Kei te tahuri waiariki tipu waro incineration ki te hiko.

Kua whakaaetia fakalakalaka pūtaiao ki te whakamahi i tenei taonga nui rerekē. Ko te kupu, i roto i te ahumahi matū kua pai whakawhanakehia te hangarau taea ki te whiwhi i te waro te wahie wai, me te konganuku onge pērā i germanium me gallium. Mai i pōhatu tino tangohia tēnei wā waro-graphite rauemi hiato ki te waro vyskokoy kukū. mahi hoki tikanga mō te whakaputa kirihou me te pūngoi tiketike wahie hau i te waro.

He hautau rawa iti o te waro iti-kōeke me te puehu i muri i te tukatuka kōpeke ki briquettes. Ko tēnei rauemi he tino tika hoki te para whare tūmataiti me whare ahumahi. I runga i te katoa, te whakaputa neke atu i te wha rau nga tu rerekē o ngā hua i muri i te maimoatanga matū, kitea nei te ki waro. Ko te utu o enei hua i roto i te pinepine o nga wa runga ake i te utu o te rauemi raw.

Neke atu i te nga senituli torutoru mua, hanga e fa'ahinga whānui whakamahi o waro rite te wahie e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaputa i, me te faafariuraa pūngao. A i roto i nga tau tata nei i te hiahia mō tenei piki matatoka faufaa. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi matū, me te te hiahia hoki ahu i reira huānga faufaa, me te onge. I roto i tenei whakaaro, whakahaere Russia tenei ra te haurapa kaha o putunga hou, he maina me whakapakoko, te kamupene hanga mo te tukatuka o tenei rauemi raw tino.

Ko te takenga mai o te pōhatu

I roto i nga wa onamata, ko te ao he āhuarangi mahana me te takawai i roto i nei ki te otaota kanorau tupu. Mai i reira i roto i te waro heke mai, me te hanga e. Ko te take o tenei matatoka takoto i roto i te haaputuputuraa o pirioni o taranata o otaota mate i te raro o repo, i hipokina e ratou ki te waipara i reira. Mai ka haere te reira e pā ana ki 300 miriona. Tau. I raro i te onepu pēhanga kaha, otaota āta decomposed te wai, me te ngā ahu i roto i te taiao hāora noa. A, no te kitea ki pāmahana teitei, i whiwhi tū solidification tokarewa tata o te papatipu puta, e āta puta ki waro. Ko te takenga mai o mara ngā katoa ko te whakamārama anake.

rāhui Mineral me te keri

I to tatou paraneta, i reira he putunga nui o waro. I roto i te katoa, rite tonu ki tata, rokiroki subsoil he rima trillion toni o tenei kohuke. Na te tangohanga o te waro i roto i te hōkai kei roto i te wahi tuatahi. I roto i te tau i reira 2.6 piriona taranata, 0.7 taranata ia te wahine e noho o te ao ranei.

Kei putunga o waro i roto i Russia i roto i ngā rohe rerekē. Ano, i roto i ia o e hua kohuke he āhuatanga rerekē, me te he tona hohonu. Kei raro ko te rārangi, e ngā nga putunga nui o waro i roto i Russia:

1. Elga tāpui. Kei roto i te wahi te tonga-rawhiti o Yakutia. Ko te hohonu o te waro i roto i ēnei wāhanga taea hoki te maina tuwhera. E titau te reira kahore utu anō, e pä te whakaiti o te utu hua whakamutunga.
2. tāpui Tuvan. E ai ki te tohunga, he āhua 20 piriona tona rohe. Taranata o ngā kohuke. Ko te tino ataahua hoki te whanaketanga i te moni tāpui. Ko te meka e waru tekau ōrau o ona putunga kei roto i te tui he matotoru o 6-7 mita.
3. Minusinsk mara. E tū ana i roto i te Republic o Khakassia. Ko te torutoru mara, te nui rawa o e he Montenegrin me Izykhsky. Stocks o puna kaukau iti. E ai ki whakatau tata tohunga, pūkete ratou hoki i waenganui i 2 me 7 piriona taranata. He he he wāhanga tino nui i roto i tona Coal āhuatanga. Āhuatanga o ngā kohuke pērā e ka tahu tuhia te pāmahana tiketike rawa.
4. Kuznetsk waro peihana. Tenei mara, kei roto i te uru o Siberia, homai he hua e whakamahia e te i roto i te ahumahi maitai. Coal, keri nei i roto i enei wahi, he hoki coking. He nui noa te rōrahi o putunga.
5. Kuznetsky Alatau. Tenei mara homai te hua o te kounga teitei. Ko te hohonu rahi o te paparanga o kohuke tae e rima rau mita. kawea Production i roto i tuwhera wāhanga, me i te maina.

keri waro i roto i Russia i te waro peihana Pechora. Tino whakawhanakehia mara i roto i te rohe Rostov.

kōwhiringa Coal mo te tukanga whakanao

I roto i ngā ahumahi, te vai te hiahia i roto i te rama rerekē o ngā kohuke. He aha te rerekētanga ko Coal? rerekē te āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga kounga o te hua whānui.

Tenei puta noa, ki te te waro he te taua tohu. Ko te take i te āhuatanga o te pōhatu whakawhirinaki i runga i tona pae production. Ko te aha nga kamupene, te kōwhiri i waro mo tona production me riro waia ki ona āhuatanga tinana.

āhuatanga

kitea Coal e te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Kiato. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga tino nui, i te mea a tawhio noa 1.28 ki te 1.53 karamu ia henemita pūtoru. I densities teitei faarahi te wera motuhake o te parariraa o te waro.
2. Ko te ihirangi waro. pae ana tēnei taupū i 75 ki te 97 ōrau. I te ihirangi teitei o waro i roto i te wahie, ko iti iho i te rōrahi o poke. Tenei taea ki a koe te tiki i te nui mōrahi o te pūngao i te ngingiha o te hua.
3. kaha aunoa. Tenei āhuatanga whakatau te kaha o te matatoka whakawhiti transportation. pae tēnei tautuhinga i 40 manokaramu ia henemita tapawha (i lignite) me 300 (y kerekere).
4. Ko te ihirangi whanariki. I roto i tona koki kia i waenganui i 0.5 ki te 5.4 ōrau. I te uara iti o te rahinga wahie whakamahia humarie.
5. wāhanga te ahua (2-45%).
6. Haumākū. kia roto i te wahie i te 4 ki te 15 ōrau makuku. Mai i tenei ahua, tei reira ahakoa i waro tahunga he kohatu whai hua. Ko faufaa rerekē i maroke nga āhuatanga o te hua mākū. Taua waro rerere, ka waiho i raro ki te ngau huarere tere.
7. ihirangi Ash. Tenei kiripuaki tohu te maha o ngā ranunga kore-combustible roto i roto i te matatoka. I te ihirangi pungarehu raro faarahi te kaha wera motuhake. Ko te ōrau raro o ranunga kore-combustible i kerekere. Ko reira i roto i te 2%. Hoki te para ihirangi pungarehu manakohia i roto i te whānuitanga o te toru tekau ōrau. Ko te uara teitei o tenei āhuatanga - 45%.
8. wera motuhake o te parariraa. Ko tenei taupū roto i te whānui i 6500 ki te 8600 kcal / kg. faaite te reira i te nui o te wera i hanga e te e te parariraa o tetahi kirokaramu o wahie.

Ko te tohu o te haamaitairaa

I roto i te waro pakeke rerekē e taea te hokona i runga i te whakamahi tikanga rānei. Āhuatanga Fuel kupu hei mārama, i runga i te tohu o te haamaitairaa. he nunui:

1. aro. whakamahia tēnei wahie e i roto i te faaineineraa o te hiko me te wera.

2. Industrial Products. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te metallurgy.

3. Koinei ka. Tenei hautanga pai waro (ono mitamano), me te puehu whakaputaina e te huri o te kamaka. Briquettes i hanga i te slurry he āhuatanga mahi pai mō te motu nga kohua i wahie mārō.

Ko te tohu o te coalification

whakanuia e tenei tohu:

1. Brown waro. Ko te waro taua, anake wāhanga i hanga tenei. Āhuatanga ko reira ahua kino atu i o kora kounga teitei. waro Brown hua wera iti ka tahuna, ka rerere i roto i ngā waka. I tua atu, kua reira he hehema ki whaiaro whakakā-.

2. Coal. he tokomaha nui o ngā momo (tohu) he rerekē nei āhuatanga tenei wahie kua. Kei te whānui whakamahia te reira i roto i te pūngao, metallurgy, taputapu me te ahumahi matū.

3. kerekere. Ko te puka kounga teitei o te waro tenei.

He tino rerekē i ia atu nga āhuatanga o enei momo katoa o ngā kohuke. Hei tauira, te raro ngingiha wera lignite āhuatanga, me te teitei - kerekere. He aha te mea pai ki te hoko waro? Me kia öhanga taea te utu. Nä, ko te utu me te wera motuhake kei roto i te ōwehenga tino pai i roto i te waro ohie (i roto i te whānuitanga $ 220 mō ia ton).

Whakarōpū i te rahi

A, no te kōwhiri ko reira nui ki te mohio te rahi o te waro. whakamuna tēnei ahua te i roto i te waitohu o te kohuke. Ko te kupu, waro ko:

- "P" - papa, i te mea te mongamonga nui o neke atu i te 10 cm.

- "K" - nui, me ngā āhuatanga mai i te 5 ki te 10 cm.

- "E te" - he nati, he hoki reira āhua nui, whatiwhatinga ki te rahi o 2.5 ki te 5 cm.

- "M" - iti, ki te torutoru mongamonga i roto i te cm 1.3-2.5.

- "C" - uri - hautau cheap mō te pirau roa ki āhuatanga 0.6-1.3 cm.

- "W" - Duff, i te mea te nuinga waro e heke ana te tikanga mo te briquetting.

- "R" - Private, standardless ranei, e taea e hautau o rerekē te rahi o.

Ko te āhuatanga o te waro parauri

Ko te iti rawa waro-kounga tiketike tenei. i Utu te raro (e pā ana ki kotahi rau tara ia ton). i hanga waro Brown i roto i ngā repo tahito i kōpeketanga o Peat i te hohonu o e pā ana ki 0.9 km. he wahie tino cheap kei roto i te nui o te wai (e pā ana ki 40%) tenei.

I tua atu, lignite kua he wera āhua iti o te parariraa. He he he maha nui (50%) o hau te ahua. Ki te whakamahi koe i waro parauri mo te firebox oumu, he reira ona āhuatanga kounga whakamahara rakau haukū. Hua puhoi muranga ake, he rota o paowa, ka rau i muri te maha nui o pungarehu. E mea pinepine, tenei rauemi raw ko briquettes rite. riro ratou tino pai ana te whakahaere. awhe ratou utu i waru ki te tekau mano moni ia ton.

Āhuatanga o te waro

Tenei wahie pai. Coal - he hanganga toka e kua pango me te Hāmā, āhua-Matt mata pīataata ranei.

I roto i tenei momo o te wahie kei reira he katoa o e rima ki te ono ōrau makuku, no te mea o nei te mea he wera nui o parariraa. Ina whakaritea ki oki, alder me te waro wahie birch homai wera ko 3.5 wā teitei. Ko te mate o tenei momo o te wahie, ko tona ihirangi pungarehu nui. Ko te utu o te waro i roto i te raumati, me te hinga i roto i te whānui i 3900 ki te 4600 moni ia ton. I roto i te hotoke, i te utu o piki wahie e rua tekau ki te toru tekau ōrau.

Storage o waro

Ki te te wahie, ko te ki te kia whakamahia mo te wā roa, ka kia kia whakanohoia te reira i roto i te whare witi motuhake te Hiro ranei. Reira kia tiakina reira i te rā tika, me te rerenga.

Ki te waro nui puranga, na te rokiroki e hiahia ana koe ki te aroturuki tonu ratou huru. Ko te hautau pai i roto i ngā ki tiketike pāmahana me te makuku kia whakakā noa.