Coupler SA3 :, whakaaro, te rahi

Ko tētahi o nga whakaaro tino rongonui mō te hononga aunoa me te momotunga o te hanganga rerewē-pereoo he coupler aunoa SA-3 tauira. Ko te whakaaro e whakarato ana te hononga me te disengagement o te locomotive me waka. Ngā mihi ki tō pūrere coupler aunoa SA-3 pupuri te waka i roto i te whānuitanga tika, hono me wehe ratou, a hanga ana e ia taea ki te whakapā atu ratou ki waho o te hoko i te anga pereoo me te nuinga tikanga coupler.

tikanga whakarite

Ki te whakaurunga hou e tika ana mō ngā waka avtorastsepki me mamau ngā SA-3, ahakoa te meka e i hangaia ai hoki i roto i te 1932. Ko te tino rongonui te pūrere inaianei. Ko te mea ngaro o te angitu ko te hoahoa angitu, ohie, me te whai hua, engari ano hoki i te tika, me te noho pai o te whakamahi, me te tiaki.

I roto i te waka hou park mō kaata rerewhenua e whakamahia te whānui o whakaaro, me te misioni momo. He utanga, me te pāhihi. te wehe hoki me ratou tikanga o te whakamahi. He maha o ngā waka, me locomotives mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino: kaha nui o te whakamahi, rawa te mahi nui iti ranei te pāmahana, iwi ikiiki me te utanga ki runga i tawhiti poto.

A, no te kilometrage piki iti mana taputapu ka te raveraa i te utanga o me te unloading whawhe, me rite ki te hua, riro te reira hāngai te whakamahi o te pūrere tuku ki te mahi aunoa i te mamau me disengagement o nga āhuatanga o te tereina. Ko reira ki enei whakaaro a kia ngā tenei pūrere, rite ūnga, āhuatanga me te hoahoa SA3 coupler katoa ngā waka mō tenei whakaaro.

Ru-tugger - SA3 coupler āhei:

• hononga aunoa o ngā waka i roto i te pānga, me deadlocks i te hononga o te hononga aunoa.
• kaata uncoupling Aunoa okeoke kararehe, e kua kawea atu ki waho o te wawaotanga o te mātanga, me te tiaki pūrere i roto i te tūranga e iriti i mua ka te coupler e whakarerea.
• wāhanga Aunoa Hoki pūrere ki tona tūranga taketake, tuku e patua waka CONCATENATE ratou, ka maukati i te raka.

I tua atu, SA-3 coupler tikanga taea coupler anō-CONCATENATE, otohe ai matapōkeretia kahore tereina waimehatanga pereoo. e kore e Whakatinana o whakanuku, arā ka e mau ana ratou i roto i te patu toia mata arahi ki to ratou whakakotahitanga. Tae noa te kau o te mamau CA-3 tango i te tūranga whanaunga e whai ake nei:

• E whakanohoia pūrere tuaka i runga i te raina kotahi;
• neke tuaka poutū whakapae ranei.

Ai e taea eu te displacement axial poutū i roto i te pereoo auahi utanga. tuaka puta displacement ki te 100 mitamano, me te tere ki runga tereina pāhihi ki te 50 mitamano. E kore e te uara mōrahi o te axial whakapae Paraire nui 175 mm. I enei displacements toki CA-3 he mahi coupler o te kounga teitei, me te haumaru waka hononga aunoa i roto i to ratou mahi.

Ko te hoahoa o te coupler aunoa SA-3 tauira

Ka taea te wehea te coupler pūrere SA-3 ki te maha wāhanga, e whakarite mahi ore:

1. wāhanga tinana me te kōrero o te huarahi mahi.
2. Ru-faatumuraa i pūrere.
3. pūrere Tauira.
4. Mutu.
5. Peia hoki uncoupling waka.

tutuki CA-3 coupler mahi tōtika te roto i te taunekeneke o nga wahi katoa o te huarahi me te wāhi tuwhera maka i roto i te whare. Kei tōna wāhanga matua wāhanga o te mīhini (e whakanohoia ratou i roto i te kōhao, i huaina nei ko te pute):

• maukati;
• taata tei mau maukati;
• ara te takai;
• Locksmith, ara;
• wiki, tuku haumaru i samorastsepa noho toia mata;
• tutaki.

I tua atu ki te upoko o te tinana, ko te reira rawa ki te hiku elongated. Ia ano he poka mo te mata, e hono te rawhi umeraa me SA3 coupler. I roto i te tūnga hono o te huarahi, e kua whakaritea i runga i hariata pātata kei roto i whakapā ki ia atu na roto i te kokiri i te wharau (i tenei wāhanga i waenganui niho nui, me te iti), kau ma'u me tutakina te raka.

I roto i tenei whakaaro, ka taea te faaoti i te reira e te huru pūrere coupler SA3 tei mahi pūmau, me te ore o te pūrere katoa rite te katoa.

Āhuatanga me te taimaha o SA-3 coupler

He te tawhā e whai ake nei Coupler:

• Ngā āhuatanga SA3 coupler 1130 x 421 x 440 mm.
• kia ngā Taumaha SA-3 coupler i 207,18 ki 215 kg. tei tenei i runga i te pūrere tātuhi.

Ngā āhuatanga o te hononga aunoa hanga reira pūrere rawa pūkenga i te mea ōrite pai hāngai mō rua utanga, me te pāhihi tereina.

coupler SA3 ake

Ko te rua-mano nga tau o te rau tau rua tekau-tuatahi i roto i Russia haamata ki te whakamahi i tētahi hononga aunoa ake SA-3. Hoahoa me te mahi o te coupler aunoa SA-3 noho tonu, engari ko te hoahoa ake. Kua riro Pūrere rua taiapa e ārai i te mongamonga hinga tapahia huti poto i runga i te huapae. Ko te hinga o te wahi arata'i ki kino o te pere ranei ki te parariraa o te hanganga.

Ko te kupu, tahi ki te ao hou, me te nui haere te taumata o te haumaru o te tauira hou. Otiia e kore e katoa i kawea mai auahatanga ko tenei. Tawhiti tiaki-free rere o te tauira urutaunga hou i 1 miriona kiromita. Same whakaaro SA3 coupler tawhito me ngā āhuatanga whakamanamana 200,000 anake kiromita. Hoatu e kua ara te haumaru me penapena i runga i hanga katoa, nga tauira tawhito rawa hohoro tīmata ki te raanei i. Heoi, kua riro te whakarite me te pūrere coupler SA-3 i roto i tona putanga taketake wahi o te hītori o Railways Soviet me Russian.

coupler Hapa SA3

e kore e taea e ki te mahi tino ratou mahi SA3 coupler ki te maha etahi o raruraru:

• wāhanga whati tikanga, me te microcrack i roto i te kōwae.
• papa Aratau whanaketanga mahi, whati fuses toronga pharynx.
• Roller, e kore nei e i tuhia i hinga, whakaritea ara takai hē ranei kore paerewa-, me te tona ngaro.
• Naianei o te poro takai ranei umeraa rawhi. Ko te kapiti i roto i te poro, ko te rawhi umeraa takai.
• Kapiti me (ranei) he pokapū tuwhera Kurupae whakatārewatanga pendular. Hē tāuta tautau whakatārewatanga.
• Mohiotia pukapuka poro takai ranei, ki te wāhanga o te kara te umeraa.
• takai naianei ranei te hanganga o kapiti i roto i te reira.

Whāinga ko ki mau tonu te umeraa here rawhi, taiapa, me te actuator tei mau mo te uncoupling, turanga mo te titi me te pereti abutment ranei nga tūnga ratou. Ko hoki hua tuku piko he coupler arā SA3 nui.

Ko nga hara matua te runga ake. Ki te aroaro o enei mau hape he kāore hoki te whakamahi hononga aunoa, rite tona mahi pūmau e waiho he pātai nui. Hei whakakore i te maha o ngā wāhanga hapa tonoa hoki te hanga. Ko nga wahi hoki e kua mau i roto i te mahi papa, e kore e taea te hanga ko a whakakapi e te mea hou.

I roto i tenei take, i reira kia kia pepepe me te ine i te täkupu. e kore te mea makona ratou ahua mata adhesion kaha, me te rite ki te hua, i roto i te pereoo auahi uncoupled. Ki te whai koe i tetahi pepepe me ine i runga hononga noa aunoa te waiho i raro ki tonu te hanga. Mai te whakamahi tano ore ko te riri ki te ora o tereina pāhihi.

āhuatanga whakataurite autohitches CA-3 me CAKv

i tohua e te meka e ki te timatanga o te coupler paerewa hou tikanga whakangungu Pākehā Union pou nga hitu o te rau tau rua tekau. Ko tētahi o nga whanaketanga - ka whānui CAKv whakamahia nui, i roto i Europe e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tereina Russian.

whakaturia CAKv i te pūtake o te SA-3 me te he tino hototahi ki te whanaketanga Soviet. Heoi, i reira he rerekētanga i roto i te putanga Tiamana o te niho nui te rawa ki te ngä atu e tomo ki te mokamoka motuhake. Nā ki tenei hononga o te wewete whiwhi uaua.

Ka taea te whakamahi uaua hononga taua ki te hono tūhono hiko me ngā rārangi wahia. CAKv whakamahia hoki honotanga hariata tereina utanga nui. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i kore e taea e ratou te tu atu ki te pēhanga o te hanganga utanga te taputapu helical whakamahia i roto i te SA-3 tenei.

Whenua i reira whakamahia SA3 coupler

Ahakoa ona 'huihuinga' tau, hanganga me te mahi o te coupler aunoa SA-3 maha makona, he rongonui i roto i nga whenua maha huri noa i te ao tonu reira. Hei tauira, Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te tahi mau whenua Arab, pērā i Iran me Iraq. taea hoki te kitea coupler SA3 i runga i nga pereoo o Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Peraruhia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Finland, Sweden ko Russia.

I roto i tenei putanga Russian rawa te ki taiapa atu, e ārai i te coupler ki wahia i runga i halanga lēlué. Na roto i te whakamahi o te taputapu paruru hinga te maha o ngā aituā me ngā aituā tereina, te take o te mea i whati atu wahi coupler, i raro i nga wira o te tereina, kua tino i peka ke i te reira.

Whakamārama o whakapotonga CA-3

CA-3 whakarāpopototanga iritihia rite te coupler aunoa Soviet, te tuatoru kōwhiringa. E tano ia tapao e i muri i tona hanganga, i te tau 1935, tīmata te translation o te waka tereina katoa o te USSR i runga i te tauira hou o te pūrere. Fully oti whakawhitinga i roto i 1957.

E tano ia tapao e ia whakamahia te pūurutau i roto i te puka o te mekameka e rua-taumata. Ko te pūrere ko te wāhi konganuku ki ai i paiherea te mongamonga rua mekameka. eke Kokonga ki te wharau CA-3, pai mekameka kaitauhiuhi matau paiherea ki te honoa takahuri. Na roto i tenei huānga taea ki te hono ki te waka tawhito, me te hononga rawa SA3 coupler.

Waihanga CA-3 Ko nui māmā tereina ora. whakaaetia Tumu me te SA3 coupler pūrere te ki te whakaiti ana ngaahi fatongia mua ki te hanumi, o karekau ki te whakarite braking me taura hiko.

meka ngā

coupler SA3 e hoahoa rongonui nui mō te wa katoa o tona oraraa, kua whakapumautia e iho rite te tūemi pono, me te roa ki te hono aunoa me te momotu i te hariata.

Ko te whakaaro o CA-3 Ko te hononga coupler me momotunga o ngā huānga awhiowhio, me, tukua ona āhuatanga whakarite i te tereina e tangohia e te tukanga o te hononga me te uncoupling wahi rite kia reira. I roto i te coupler oraraa katoa tangohia e ahau ake te maha o ngā meka e pā ana ki tenei huānga:

• I whakawhanakehia SA-3 i roto i 1932 i roto i te USSR. Kua riro kaihoahoa Soviet rite te pūtake mo te hononga aunoa, whakaputaina i roto i te United States (Willison pūnaha hononga aunoa), whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1910, a tata anō-waihanga i te putanga motu. Kua hoki i anō-hangaia te reira i whai aratau. I roto i CA-3 tuku Te Hau-ā-uru ki rite te "hononga Russian aunoa" "hononga aunoa Willison ki koropiko Russian" ranei.
• I he momotunga coupler CA-3 me pana tokotoko o te maitai i te poka ngā, whakaritea nei i roto i tona whare. ka hei wāhanga tikanga i roto i te tūranga tīmata, pai me te coupler aunoa ki te kia whakaemi.
• mai Avtostsepochny Castle ki tohu taupa. Ko ia he protrusion, e taea te kite i roto i te raro o te pūrere, ngā e he wetekina te raka. A, no te titiro i te kaimahi motuhake i runga i te mahi tereina ia coupler, e ai ta te tukanga, ako ia e te waka uncoupled i ia atu.
• Ka rite ki mohiotia te, rite rawa e honoa aunoa i te te pūrere rahi, he pūrere e absorbs te pānga, me te tiaki i te anga he pini me Streak wāhanga coupler tikanga i te whakangaromanga. Heoi locomotive me pūrere motovoznye SA3 coupler kore rawa ki te raraunga. Ko te mea, ko te e runga i te anga, me te motovoznoy māmā locomotive he kahore wāhi hoki taua tūemi.
• Ko te putanga Polish o te ingoa SA-3 coupler - ". Ringa o Brezhnev"
• I roto i 1898 whakaarahia te pātai i pā ana ki te whakaaetanga o te coupler aunoa i runga i te rerewē Russian. Ko tētahi kōwhiringa, ko te coupler American Janney. Otiia i mahue te whakaaro. Nā ki te unreliability o te hoahoa o te putanga American, a e kore e taea ki te whiriwhiri i te kōwhiringa e tika ana i te whakaritenga motu ngā mo te whakataki o te hononga aunoa o te hononga aunoa me cars uncoupling hiki ake.
• whakamahia coupler aunoa Soviet (toru kōwhiringa) i roto i te whenua o te mua Soviet Union kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tahi mau whenua Pākehā, pērā i Poland, Finland, Norway me Sweden. CAKv I whakawhanakehia hoki putanga Pākehā e hāngai ana i runga i te SA-3, i te mea e tuarua te whakamahine iti te hanganga o te coupler kāinga. Engari i rite ki kāinga, take ke ki te hononga mārō whaitake, i te mea e tika ana te hono i te kaata o te tereina utanga.
• Ko te utu toharite o te hou SA-3 ko 10 500 moni. Tapia o nga māpele o ngā pūrere pae i 300 ki te 1000 moni. No te mea coupler hanga wā e taea te whakaora i te moni nui rawa o te moni.

mutunga

Whakarāpopoto i te hua i runga, he mea utu te tuhituhi e te SA-3 coupler aunoa - nui pūrere pono, me te roa e taea ki a koe te kawe i roto i avtorastsepku me honoa cars. I roto i tenei take, te āhua o ngā pūrere e nui haere ngā whakaritenga: e kore me te mau i te reira i roto i nga wahi, wāhanga pakaru o te huarahi me te kapiti i roto i te take me nga kōrero o te huarahi. I roto i te kaupapa o SA-3 tonoa te ki hanga te te hape. Ki te mau te pūrere e, i puta ke ai ki te tetahi hou.

I whakawhanakehia SA3 coupler hoki i roto i 1932 i runga i te pūtake o American e honoa aunoa Willison. I te wa ano, kaihoahoa Soviet ake hoahoa mohio o te ara iahiko hononga, hoki i huaina te SA-3 coupler i "coupler aunoa Russian".

Whakawhitinga ki te hononga aunoa tīmata i te tau 1935. Ahakoa whakamahi reira te pūrere whakawhiti e taea ki te hono kaata rawa ki couplers tauira hou, me te tawhito. I te pae hopea mutu te whakawhitinga i roto i 1957. I te timatanga o te mano SA-3 e rua i paku whakarerekē. Ko te hoahoa o te hononga i taiapa motuhake e āwhina ki te tiaki i te raina rerewhenua i hinga ki runga ki a ia nga wahi kua whatiia atu i te hononga. Tiaki o kānawehi, i tahuri, ārai te kore o nga pere, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te aituā hua i roto i te ati tereina oti. hononga ake whakamahia i roto i te tereina e mau ana hua hinu, me te i roto i te pereoo auahi pāhihi.

Kei te mohiotia makona pai hononga aunoa SA-3 i roto i Europe. Te nuinga e tika ana ki tona tika me te mauroa. I te wa ano, ka rite ki te mea kua kua matou tuhia, e hāngai ana i runga i coupler aunoa Soviet i hanga reira maha tauira o urutaunga ke o tenei mahere.

Ko te kupu, ko te mutunga, ko e te SA-3, hanga hoki i roto i 1932, he neke atu i te e pā ana ki kotahi tekau ranei rua tekau nga tau, ara atu ranei e taea te mahi. I muri i te katoa, e kore e whanganga te tika hoahoa e anake e tona mahi, engari ano hoki he ingoa arero, me tau o couplers aunoa tamau me tereina rastsepok.

Otiia ahakoa te rongonui tiketike, ki te whakakapi haere mai te SA-3 ki CA-4 - te mea he hoahoa ake hou, me te pakari. I tua atu, whakaritea ki te tuatoru o CA-4 He nui haere ora o oma tiaki-free (200 000 kiromita o te toru ki tetahi miriona kiromita o te CA-4).

Ano, ko te tuawha he nui māmā me te ake pai atu i tona mua. Ahakoa te putanga o te coupler atu tino ko SA-3 tonu tino noa, te nuinga e tika ana ki ngā utu teitei iti, whakaritea ki te CA-4. Ko tonu SA-3 tetahi o nga hononga aunoa tino rongonui.