Dmitry Cantemir, Statesman Moldovan me Russian, me te akonga. Biography, te utuafare, tamariki

Tenei tangata faahiahia, tuarua o Pita ahau me hau tino, hanga he wāhi nui ki te ahurea ao rite te kaituhi, tumu kōrero, philosopho me Orientalist. Mema o te Berlin Academy i 1714, ia i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, tohua te whakawhitinga i-kura wharekarakia whakaaro ki puka kouma hou. Tona ingoa - Dmitry Kantemir.

Kōhungahunga me Mātauranga Paraimere

Wāhi o te kaitōrangapū Oketopa 26, 1673 i roto i te kainga Moldovan Silishten. I muri haere reira ki Romania, engari huaina tenei ra ko Vaslui. I te mutunga o te rau tau XVII, noho reira te noho o Constantine Cantemir - rangatira Moldovan me te papa o hou Dmitry. Tona whaea Anna Bantysh mohiotia e ko ia te māngai o tetahi o nga boyars onamata.

Mai kōhungahunga, i nui te awe te hanganga o te tuakiri o Dmitry Konstantinovich i tona kaiako - kuraina tangata, he moke I. Kakavela. I te wa, i mohiotia e ia mo te maha pukapuka, tohe ki te kauwhau o Katorika, me te te kaituhi o te pukapuka o te arorau, i nei te pūtaiao o ako nga whakatupuranga heke mai o philosopho me theologians.

Ko te tau poto i roto i te pane a Turkish

I te tau o rima, ko Dmitri i Istanbul. I reira e kore ia haere mai o ratou ake tonu, a kia rite ki te purutia o te kāwanatanga, i ngohengohe ki Turkey, i i i taua wa Morotōria. Te riroraa i roto i te taua tūranga unenviable, ia, Heoi, e kore e ngaro i te mea homai noa o te wā, me te haere tonu ki te whakapai ake i tona mātauranga. I roto i na mahi, ngā reira āwhina faufaa ki pūtaiao maha patereareha Kariki-Latin Academy, i ko i te wa, i te mea he ia i roto i te pane o te tauranga rongonui.

I roto i te tau e toru pau i runga i nga pareparenga o te Bosphorus, hiakai hoki te matauranga tangata taitama ako Kariki, Turkish, Arabic ko Latin, me te he akoranga o kauhau i runga i te hītori, te rapunga whakaaro me te teolosia. tipu tona tirohanga i roto i aua tau i raro i te mana o nga mahi taumauri o Anthony ko Spandoni, me rite ki te hua o te mohio ki ngā whakaaro rapunga whakaaro tūturu Meletios Arta.

pakanga Military me te hinana tōrangapū

A, no te i roto i te 1691, kua hoki mai Dmitry Kantemir whare, kitea e ia ia i roto i te matotoru o te whawhai, i arahina Morotōria ko Poland. Ka rite ki te tama a te Kingi, ko Dmitry roto i nga rangatira nei arahina mano o ngā hōia. I roto i te 1692, whakanuia e ia ia i te whakapae o te pa horo Soroca amo. Ko tona wheako tuatahi o ngā mahi whawhai me-whakatau kaupapa, i runga i nei fakafalala te oraraa o te iwi maha.

Next, i roto i te 1693, ka kawea ia tini raruraru e pā ana ki te pakanga tōrangapū ā-i roto i te whenua. Ko te take i mate tona papa Cantemir, ko wai i noa tona matenga te rangatira o Morotōria, a muri iho tona matenga nga boyars whiriwhiri mono Dmitry. Otiia kihai i nui kotahi e pai Boyar.

Mai ko te rangatiratanga i raro i te Protectorate Turkish, whakaaetia te hua pōtitanga i roto i Istanbul. ka mau ia painga o te hoariri tōrangapū Cantemir - te rangatira o Wallachia, Constantin Brancoveanu. i taea e ki te whakaawe i te Sultan ia, a ka rite ki te hua o te kaitono o Dmitry i paopao.

I runga i te mahi takawaenga

I muri i te kore, i te utu ia te pou teitei kāwanatanga, hoki Cantemir ki Istanbul, ko tenei te wa e kore rite te purutia, a ki runga ki te misioni takawaenga. I whakaritea e ia te māngai mōhiohio o te ariki Mōtāwhiana i te marae o te Sultan. Tenei wa, ko atu auroa tona noho i te takutai o te Bosphorus. Ki te pōrearea iti noho ia i roto i te pane a Turkish tae noa ki 1710.

Kua tenei wā i roto i te ora o Dmitry Kantemir kua korerotia. I ia ki te whawhai, engari tenei wa i roto i te ope Turkish. A ahakoa Heoi, kua homai te whawhai ki nga Austrians i runga i te awa Tisza, i roto i i tangohia e ia tetahi wahi, mutu i roto i te hinga kuru mo nga hoia o te Sultan, reira he taonga o te wheako hōia a ia. Kei roto i te mahi takawaenga, tīmata Cantemir te whānui o mohio porowhita.

I roto i ana hoa hou i hoki māngai o te pūtaiao, te rongonui tino o nei ko te pūtaiao rongonui Turkish Sadi Effendi, a muri maha whenua Pākehā. ka ia hoa ki te Kaute Russian karere Petrom Andreevichem Tolstoy, te mōhio ki i a hopearaa tawhiti-pa.

He kawenata ngaro ki te tsar Russian

I roto i te 1710, ka whawhati whawhai i waenganui o Russia ko Turkey, riro Cantemir i te kāwanatanga Turkish te kawanatanga Mōtāwhiana, i ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i pakanga. Heoi, kaitukino kinongia puku o tona whenua me te tūmanako i runga i nga pēneti Russian, i hanga kua ia whakapā ki te kāwanatanga Russian, mā te whakamahi i tona hoa hou - Count Tolstoy.

mana Turkish, whakapanga i runga i Cantemir tūmanako tiketike, e kore te feaa o tona mateaki, tukua ia te faaineineraa o te ope Moldovan ki te whawhai ki a Russia. I roto i te Dmitry kawenga ngā te hanga o piriti me whitinga mo te Tanupi, me te whakarato te hotoke whaitua Swedes, ora te pakanga kino o Poltava mo ratou, hihiko tonu ki te tango i utu mo te hinga o te mua. I te tihi o tona misioni, i titauhia ia ki te whakahaere i tirotiro ngaro o tona hoariri tōrangapū mua Brancoveanu, nei Sultan whakapae o he i.

I roto i te 1711 i roto i te Slutsk, tetahi o nga pa nui rawa i roto i Western Ukraine, Dmitry Kantemir Piriniha ki te āwhina o te Kaute P. A. Tolstogo ka tono tangata ki a St Petersburg tona karere Stephan Luca, nei i whakaakona ki te mau a'oraa ngaro ki a Pita ahau me ki faaoti ki reira he haumi ō rāua whakaaro i runga i ngā mahi tahi ki te Turkey.

Ko te kirimana, i i meake ki kore

Mai taua wa Cantemir tahi tata ki te ariki Russian. I roto i te taua 1711, kua kaha te whai wāhi ia i roto i te waihanga o te tiriti whakarato mo te kōmitimiti noa o Moldova i raro i mana Russian i runga i mana motuhake. whakapuakina e taha o te whitu kōwae o te tuhinga i te ariki ia fakatāutaha, Dmitry Cantemir, ki te tika o te whakawhiti o te kaha ki tona kainga i tika. I te wa ano i noho tonu nga haamaitairaa katoa o nga boyars.

Ko te mata tino nui o te kawenata ko te hokinga o Moldova rohe katoa riro e te Porte, me te whakakāhoretanga o te takoha Turkish. Whakatinanatanga o te kawenata tohua te mutunga o te ture Ottoman. tutaki tenei ki te tautoko tākare o rāngai katoa o te hapori Moldovan ka whakaratohia te tautoko Cantemir rongonui.

whakaaetanga Prut

Otiia kihai i taua mahere rosy mohio. Hei tuku i te whenua Moldovan i roto i 1711 ope Russian tridtsativosmitysyachnaya haere i raro i te whakahau o Count Sheremetyev. I roto i te haere tonu o whawhai Pita i ahau iho hakari i roto i-Tumuaki auau.

Tenei pakanga, ka haere ki raro i roto i te aamu rite te Prut i te ingoa o te awa i reira i a tutuki hoki mua he whawhai noho ki te ope o te stadvadtsatitysyachnoy hoariri i reira. Ki te karo hinga ki te ope pai o te ope Turkish, hainatia Pita ahau he kawenata rangimarie, i raro i i ngaro Russia riro i mua Azov me nui o te rohe o te moana Azov. Ko te kupu, ko tonu Moldova i raro i ture Turkish.

Moving ki Moscow, me te aroha o te kingi

O te akoranga, i muri katoa i kua tupu i runga i te kōiwi o Moldovans katoa e mahi i raro i te kara Russian taea e kore pātai. tae mano boyars i Moscow, te wahi i hoatu e ia he hui rawa powhiri. Fakataha ki a ratou, ka tae Cantemir. I whakawhiwhia Dmitry K. te taitara o te tatau mo tona piri pono ki a Russia te tika ki te karanga "te aroha noa".

I tua atu, ka whakaritea e ia kia rite ki te penihana totoka, homai ngā wāhi nui o te whenua i roto i te nāianei kawanatanga o Orel. Kei runga i to ratou rohe me te whakataunga Dimitrovka Kantemirovka ora. Ko te tuatahi o ratou kua ka te mana o te pa ki te taupori o rima me te hawhe mano iwi, i ko te tuarua o nga nohoanga tāone-momo. I te tihi o Kantemir katoa rite te ariki o te hunga katoa e haere mai ki a ia manene Moldovan te tika ki te hoko o to ratou oraraa i to ratou ake te ngarahu pai.

āhukahuka Pākehā o pepa pūtaiao

I roto i te 1713, ka mate ia te wahine Dmitriya Kantemira Cassandra Kontakuzin. I muri i te mate a ia, tonu ia ki te ora i roto i Moscow, te pupuri whakapā ki te iwi tino matatau o te wā. I roto i te rongonui tino ko te kaiwhakarewa o te Latin-Kariki Academy Feofan Prokopovich V. N. Tatischev, Prince AM Cherkassky, I. Yu Trubetskoy, he Statesman nui B. P. Sheremetev. Ka rite ki te hēkeretari me te kaiako o ngā tamariki whaiaro kua karangatia e ia kaituhi pai-mohiotia me kaituhi I. I. Ilinskogo.

E te wa riro matou rongo Pākehā, maha nga mahi pūtaiao e kua hanga i roto i nga tau o tona haerenga Dmitry Kantemir. Whakaahuatanga o Moldova ko Turkey, mahi i runga i wetereo, a kawea rapunga whakaaro ia rongo ao. Berlin Academy o Sciences i 1714, ka mau ia ia ki roto ki o ratou rarangi hei mema hōnore. O te akoranga, kua hoatu kaipūtaiao Russian ohipa kaiaka o tona hoa.

faaipoiporaa Tuarua, neke ki te pareparenga o te Neva

I roto i te 1719, haere mai tona ora te hui fakaofo - tomo te reira i roto i te faaipoiporaa hou. Tenei wa tona kotahi i whiriwhiri riro Duchess AI Trubetskaya. I roto i te pakuha te karauna o te matenga tane i pupuri ia he emepera Pita I. reira pakeke ki te whakaaro i te nui honore mo te tangata o te ariki Russian. I te mutunga o nga whakanui, oho Dmitry Kantemir me tona hapu ki a St. Petersburg, i reira puritia e ia te kaitohutohu tari tūmatanui rongonui o Pita ahau i runga i nga take o te Te Tai Rāwhiti. Tenei ko ia tetahi o nga tangata tata ki te kingi.

A, no te i roto i 1722 whakaae te Emepara tona rongonui pakanga Persian, i muri ki a ia kia rite ki te matenga o te State Chancellery Dmitry Konstantinovich. I tona kaupapa, i reira ko tetahi whare tā, i tāngia rauemi i roto i Arabic. hanga tenei e taea ki te whakahiato me te porotītiti te karanga o te Hiha ki te iwi e noho Pahia me te Caucasus.

mahi pūtaiao me te kukuwhatanga o ngā tirohanga taumauri

Ahakoa i roto i te pakanga Cantemir, rite maha kaipūtaiao Russian, mau i roto i te mau huru ōrite kihai i mutu rangahau. I roto i enei tau, no te mea i tuhituhi e ia he raupapa katoa o mahi hītori, matawhenua, me te taumauri. Ka rite ki te whaipara nakawhiti, kawea atu ana e ia te ako o urupa tawhito o Dagestan me Derbent. Ana whakaaro i runga i te pātai taketake o te ao kiri i taua wa he whanaketanga nui. I roto i te mua, he piri o te idealism minita, i runga i nga tau ka reira he rationalist, a i roto i te maha ngā take ara te materialist noa.

Hei tauira, i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, kī ia e te ao katoa, e kitea ana, me te kitea, arata'i tona whanaketanga i runga i te pūtake o ture whāinga, tautuhia kē e te Kaihanga. Heoi, e taea ki te ako ia ratou, me te ki te whakatika te ahunga whakamua o te ao i roto i te aronga tika mo te iwi te mana o te whakaaro ko te. I roto i te mahi o mua Cantemir ārahi wahi i runga i te hītori o Tauranga, me tona whenua Moldova.

Ko te mutunga o te ora ātaahua

Dmitry Cantemir, tona haurongo āta hono ki te taitahi o te whakahounga Petrine me whakahounga, haere atu Mahuru 1, 1723. whakaaetia te wā whakamutunga o tona ora pau ia i roto i te kingi ki a ia te whenua Dimitrovka. Ko te pungarehu o te pono hoa o Pita ahau i tanumia i roto i Moscow, i roto i nga taiepa o te ohu o te Kariki, a i roto i te thirties o te rau tau XX kawea ki Romania, i Iasi.

Te tamahine o Pule Moldovan

I roto i tetahi o nga wā o muri, i roto i te kingitanga o Empress Elizabeth, riro ia rongo Cantemir tamahine i tona faaipoiporaa tuarua Katerina Golitsyn, i whanau nei i roto i te 1720. E ingoa ka ia ina roto i 1751 ka moea e ia tetahi o nga rangatira Izmailovo Regiment Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn. I muri i te marena, i hanga ia kanohi tona Empress i roto i Rangatira tūturu.

Ki te waimarie nui, me te rota o te ratere, pau Katerina Golitsyn e rave rahi tau i roto i Paris, i reira oaoa ia angitu faahiahia i roto i te hapori nui, me te i marae. Tona Salon ko tetahi o te huatau tino i roto i te pane a French. A, no te whakaritea te tane i karere Russian i Paris, kua riro te reira i te whetu tūturu.

Tona ora tapahia poto i roto i te 1761 i tika ki te mate. ko te tino pouri i te matenga o tana wahine aroha Dmitry Mikhailovich. Ka ora ona tau tata e toru tekau, waihotia iho e ia ona ra heke ki te hanga i te hōhipera i mahara o tana wahine mo te rawakore. I homai tenei hiahia, me te Hospital Golitsyn, i meinga te timatanga o te rau tau XX i roto i te Hospital City Tuatahi, kua meinga hei pou ki te wahine aroha ia.

Palace i runga i te parepare Neva

Mō manatu te Dimitrie Cantemir uri whare nui, kopaki te Palace parepare i St Petersburg. Tenei whare mua Dmitriya Kantemira. Whakaturia i roto i nga uofulu o te rau tau XVIII, ko reira te whare tuatahi hangaia i roto i te pane a tino kaihoahoa raki Italian BF Rastrelli. Ana whakaahua e taea kite koe i runga ake. Heoi, kihai i taea e ki te ora i roto i reira te Mōtāwhiana Prince ia. mate ia, i te te whare tonu oti mahi, engari kei te ake tona ingoa hono ki tenei faahiahia o hoahoanga.