Duopoly - reira ... Cournot, Stackelberg, Bertrand

структура рынка, при которой два субъекта, защищенные от появления других продавцов, выступают в качестве единственных производителей стандартизированной продукции, не имеющей близких заменителей. Duopoly - he hanganga mākete i roto i nei e rua ngā kaupapa e kua tiakina i te ahua o te tahi atu kaihoko hei te kaihanga kapu o te hua paerewa ki kahore he whakakapi tata. Whakaaroa tenei tauira i roto i te kōrero atu.

Duopoly: uara

hanga ana tēnei hanganga reira taea ki te whakaatu i te pānga o te tono i runga i te putanga kaihoko taurite takitahi i roto i te pā ana ki te whakautu ki whakataetae. I whakaarohia tenei tauira i te kaiputaiao French Cournot. представляет собой следующую схему. ōhanga Duopoly tohu te kaupapa e whai ake. Ia o nga hinonga e rua titau e ka mau tonu i te whakataetae tona putanga i te taumata o nāianei, kahore tetahi huringa.

Duopoly: he aha te mea te reira?

Fakakaukau ki he founga te ara iahiko whakahaere. Duopoly - he tauira hāngai e te i runga i rua whakapae e pā ana ki te whanonga o te hinonga. Tuatahi o te katoa, arotahi ia kamupene i runga i te whakanui pai. I roto i tenei take, e whakapono ana te maro e ki te e huri i te reira i te nui o tona tuku, ka mau tonu i te tahi atu faanahonahoraa mana o te taumata o nāianei. I roto i taua mau huru, tutuki mākete taurite te i roto i te tikanga e whai ake. Hei tauira, i roto i te rohe i reira he kaihoko A me B. hoko ratou taonga ōrite. kua katia hoki te tahi atu kaupapa o te urunga ki te mākete. tīmata ki te whakaputa i te taonga tuatahi kamupene ranei A. E hopu ana i te mākete katoa, me te kōrero e kore e whai i te reira whakataetae. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, te kamupene e mahi rite te monopolist. Heoi, i muri i tonu te tīmatanga o te hanga i te B. tipu puta te reira i te mākete whakapono e te kamupene te kore e huri i te rōrahi o te take kua e kua hanga. ka whakanui i Kamupene B i te tuku. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, ka whakapataritari he heke i roto i te utu o ngā hua. ka whakanui i wā Kamupene B i te rōrahi, me te kamupene A - heke. Ko te putanga tauritenga whakamutunga o ia kamupene tae 1/3 me te tapeke rōrahi hanga o 2/3 o whakataetae.

ngā kitenga

такая ситуация, при которой одна из фирм выбирает объем выпуска, максимизирующий ее доход. Mai i te whakaahuatanga i runga whakaatu reira e te duopoly - ko te reira i te āhuatanga i roto i nei kotahi u whiriwhiri rōrahi o te whakanui tona moni. I muri i tenei kaupapa tuarua, mana'o e ka kia tonu te taumata o production, tāuta ona ake, e hāngai ana ki te whiwhi i te hua ka taea nui. e tenei tukanga wahi i roto i ngā wāhanga noa te reira kamupene taurite.

pū

Duopoly - he taurite kore-mahi tahi. Katoa kamupene hanga whakatau e whai wāhi te moni mōrahi taea hoki etahi mahi o whakataetae. Ka taea te māngai te taurite i te ānau whakautu. E whakaatu ana Raina whakanui production pukapuka, ka e kia whakatinana e te kamupene kotahi, ki te matau koutou te taumata o tetahi atu kamupene. Ko te tauira taketake Waitohungia te ia o te whakaiti utu ki utu haurokuroku rite te maha o kaihoko. Tāpiri huringa pea e hopohopo i te uara o te mātauranga tauira oligopolistic o concurrency ki heriheri.

Driving Stackelberg

Tenei tauira ko te kunenga o ngā hanganga Cournot. Ko te ara iahiko whanonga asymmetrical tapiritia o hinonga. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e riro te reira e ka tikanga fefeka etahi o nga umanga, e ko, hei te rangatira. Ko tētahi atu kamupene ko te muimui (whanonga hāngū). Leader kōwhiria e putanga tuatahi. ka whakanui te reira i hua, tango ki pūkete te take, e ka kawe i te akonga. Ko te kamupene tuatahi whakapono e hiahia ano hoki te kamupene tuarua ki te tiki hoki teitei, engari he tono ngā. Tenei taea te rangatira ki te matapae ki te tika nui te putanga rōrahi akonga. Tenei mākete kua te huru o te pāhekoheko ine (utu-kore) whakahāwea i te kamupene hohe. Ko te hiranga matua ko te "tahuri tuatahi" - te kōwhiringa o putanga me, no reira, te utu o te taonga.

He kōwhiringa kē

Ko te painga o te kaupapa Stackelberg mahi e kamupene whakataetae i runga i tohu ine. Na, i roto i te hono mo'oní, e ngana ana kamupene ki te whawhai i runga i ngā utu. Ēnei whakaaro whakaara feaa e pā ana te hua o te tauira, te rōrahi taurite. whakahē ia Cournot hanganga i hanga e te ohanga French Bertrand. whakaarohia e ia he rerekē, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te whakapae e whai ake nei. Ki te hokona atu kamupene hua ōrite, na ka hoko reira kiritaki i tetahi o te kamupene, i whakatakoto ana te utu o raro. I tua atu, whakatau te Kamupene te utu, me te mākete - te rōrahi o te take. E ai ki te tauira, whakatakoto ana ia kamupene te utu e hei kaha pai. Heoi, e whakapono ana ia e ka noho tonu te utu o taonga whakataetae. Ko reira e tika ana ki tenei kei te neke te mākete ki taurite, i roto i nei tetahi o nga kamupene e kore e hiahia ana ki te whakatika i te uara o te hua.