"Fiefia o katoa Ko wai mamae" - te icon o te Mother o te Atua. Te tikanga ata

No ratonga ki runga ake i ki te kawe hari ki te tangi. i te tikanga whanui atu i tenei ra i te kupu "te oto" i roto i te ra tawhito. E pā ana te reira i wheako kore anake pouri, engari ano hoki mauiui o te tino i te mate, me te kore o te mahere ao, me nga mea katoa tatou e karanga nei te kupu "tōraro". Ko roto i enei mau tamataraa, me mau ati o te ora, i te mea tonu o rangimarie, he hari, me te hopoi mai whakamarie icon o te wahine "katoa te whakawhiua".

kia tukua te aroha noa i roto i ngā ata

I mua i te tīmata koe korero e pā ana ki reira, kia miramira koe kotahi meka rawa nui - e kore e te icon ake mahi whakamiharo me hopoi iwi ki te aroha noa te Atua, rite whakaaturia i roto i a ia te Mother o te Atua. Reira hangaia e hoki reira i roto i tona whakapakoko, ki nei matou whakahere ake ona inoi. I roto ia ratou Ko nga ata nui, e te hunga kua huaina semeio. Tenei te tikanga e te Kuini o te rangi ki runga ki a ratou i whiriwhiri, a ka pai ia e enei ata iho mo te aroha noa. Hoki tenei whakahonore tatou ratou, otiia kihai ratou i inoi, e kore papa, hipoki ki te apa ataahua, engari te tetahi nei tapu image taia i runga i a ratou.

Hoki te taitara o te icon, i roto i te pātai, whakamahia matou nga kupu a tetahi o te stichera Marian (kuputuhi fakalitūsia motuhake) - "te whakawhiua katoa". To tatou Lady ki tenei ingoa puta i Russia i te rau tau XVII. tuhia fakaanga i roto i tona iconography pānga sino o ngā kura Western. I tua atu, kia tuhia te reira i roto i te ngaro o tona maha whiua (rerekē) taiawhio hiato kotahi. Ko te hua ka taea te kite i roto i ngā ata ki tenei ingoa he rerekētanga nui.

Ka rite ki te tauira, e whakaaturia ana i runga i taua tapu. I roto i te recensions tuatahi kahore e wātea, a anake puta i roto i te ata, tuhituhia i muri i 1688 i enei whika. Ko te whakamārama mō tenei e whai ake: i roto i te icon tau o te wahine "katoa te whakawhiua" kawea mai he whakaora semeio o te tuahine Patereareha Joachim mate - Euphemia. Mai ka timata reira tona glorification, a ka timata wahi momona ki te hanga i te ahua o te mauiui, te kupu arotahi i runga i te mana faaora o te whakapakoko.

Āhuatanga noa iho iconographic

Neke atu i te nga tau, i reira te mea he iho ki te whakaatu Virgin teitei tonu e tu ana i roto i te mandorla pera-ka karanga - poutū kanapatanga porotītaha. He meka pākiki: he taua āhuatanga image o te toi Karaitiana me Putihi. I roto i te okewa taua ki whakaatu i nga whika o te Karaiti, te wahine a Meri, a Buddha. I roto i te iconography Karaitiana maha te kitea te whakapakoko o te Karaiti i roto i te mandorla i runga i te icon "te Faahuru o te Karaiti", me te "te piti-raa mai", me i Marian iconography - ". Ko te whakaaro o te whakapaingia wahine Meri" te icon

I tua atu ki te wahine, me whika, te mamae mate, kua meinga hei iho ki whakaatu i te icon o nga anahera, te hunga e mahi mahi o te aroha i runga i mo o te Kuini o te rangi. I tua atu, ka taea e kitea e koe tini pakanga ki whakapakoko o te hunga tapu, e tu ana i runga i te matau, me te i te taha maui o te wahine. Ahakoa te meka i puta te icon "tatou Lady o te whakawhiua katoa" i muri i te wehewehenga hahi, i mahi rite te take o te ripeneta o Patereareha Nikon mohiotia, he mea tino noa i roto i te whakapono Old. Rawa i reira ko tetahi rota o reira he rārangi i hanga i roto i te kainga Belarusian o Vetka.

ata History glorification

He mea tika ki te noho i runga i te hītori o te icon. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, tīmata te glorification o taua mea i roto i 1688 ki te whakaora o ma'i tuahine patereareha Euphemia Papineau. He kōrero reira e i te mamae ia i patunga unhealed i roto i tona taha. Na kotahi ra i rongo inoi Euphemia reo whakamiharo, kauwhau e ka kawea reira whakaora icon o te wahine "katoa te whakawhiua".

Ordynka whai Faahuru hahi i roto i nei ki te titiro mo tenei icon. I muri i te inoi tupu i roto i te mua o reira te semeio, me te mate poroporoaki mate. Reo tapiritia ano e ka whai Euphemia ki te mahi i tenei merekara, e whakamoemiti ana ki te ingoa o te whakapaingia wahine Meri. Maoro, kawea te icon i ki te mamae, me i muri i te inoi i roto i te mua o tona patunga timata ki te whakaora hohoro. A i runga i Oketopa 24. I roto i te whakahaere i te mana kōkiri o te whakapaingia wahine (i fatuhia e ia taua reo), teina Euphemia - Patereareha Joachim - whakahau ki te hanga i te whakapakoko ratonga inoi "te whakawhiua katoa". Kua Ata o te Mother o te Atua kua whakakororia mai reira, me ki atu ata semeio.

I roto i te noho o Moscow ko Russia katoa, ka tenei kōrero whānui mōhiotia, kore he maere nei - tona huru matua ko te tuahine o te Patereareha. akathist "te whakawhiua katoa" i tuhituhia. Haunga kua hanga nga ratonga kua whakahuatia tīmata "Te Tale o te icon", e ngā nga huru katoa o te take, me ariki-kaipeita o te kingi ki te hanga o tona rārangi. Kia aroha mai, e kore ia e taea te ki te whakatau i puta nei ki te Ekalesia o te icon Liliú "katoa te whakawhiua". he nui tona uara mo te Siu Ekalesia Russian, me te kore o te mōhiohio e pā ana ki tona hītori wawe ko te wāhi nui.

Waihanga i te rārangi ki te ata, me te wehenga atu ki St. Petersburg

ngā atu e pā ana ki te icon semeio, tirohia ki te 1711. I roto i tenei wā i oho te whakapaipai Russian i Moscou ki St Petersburg. whakakorikoria ahau ki reira, me te hapu kingi. Mai i ngā tuhinga o mua ko reira mārama e te tuahine o Tsar Pita ahau - Princess Natalia A., mahue ki te whakapaipai hou, whakahau te kape o te icon "katoa te whakawhiua". i kawea Mother o te Atua icon ki St Petersburg. Ko i konei i reira he tautohenga i roto i te tuhinga - rite ki etahi puna, i runga i haere nga pareparenga o te Neva tārua me te toenga taketake i roto i Moscow, titau ētahi atu puna te kore.

Me kï reira e muri i te glorification o te icon o te Faaora i-Faahuru Ekalesia, i whakatapua i roto i tona honore te rohe, i huaina e te iwi "Skorbjashchenskoj" ranei "te whakawhiua katoa" i roto i te Ordynka. Ko reira haumaru ki te mea e taua icon, mahue nei kua Muscovites Princess Natalia, i roto i te hahi a taea noatia te Revolution. Na ka timata te panga.

I muri i te huringa katia te hahi i, i whakamahia tona whare mō ngā hiahia kāwanatanga. He ko he putanga e rongoa ai i ngaro i roto i nga tau e raruraru o te hahi te icon, me te whakapakoko ko inaianei i roto i te hahi faaho'ihia mai - kua hoatu reira ki a ia e Patereareha Alexy whakarārangi ahau te rau tau XVIII. Ko reira ko tetahi putanga rite ki ai fakaemana ora te icon taketake nga tau o te tutu, me te he inaianei ki tona pae taketake.

Petersburg Ata o te wahine

Heoi, nohopuku whakamua ki St Petersburg me wahi i muri taua icon, i kawea mai ki konei i Moscow, te tuahine o te kingi. tonu reira na mārama, te taketake he kape o taua mea ranei, engari, i roto i te noa'tu o nga mea katoa, me te icon Moscow, me tona tuahine, St Petersburg wehi rite semeio. whakapumautia tenei e te meka e, tīmata i roto i te pakanga Prut i 1711, te kingi whakahau ki te tango ia ia ki a ia kia rite ki te taunaha o te tiaki i te rangi o te ope.

hoatu Princess Natalia Alekseevna kawea mai he icon i ki a ia i roto i te fare pureraa o tona whare ake, i tū i runga i Shpalernaya. I roto i aua tau, i reira ko tetahi tamaiti rongonui me tona teina - Foundry iari, te wahi i nga pu maka mo te ope, me te mo te punga kaipuke. He ko hōia hanga me te mana ōhanga o Russia.

tohungia Natalia Alekseevna kore rawa ki te tapu. ata utu, i hanga o te hiriwa me te koura pani, te utuafare, nui te whakapaipai ki te mea. E ai ki te whakarerenga iho whakapumautia, i whakanohoia ai pukahu o te hunga tapu, me te tahi atu pukahu. Neke atu i te wa, whakaritea te rangatira i karakia i tona almshouse whare, ki nei te hahi, a haere ana i muri i te mate ia i roto i te 1716.

Ko te karakiatia o ngā ata piriniha

I muri i te hawhe rau Catherine II tukinotia ki ngā piko ana ki te whakapakoko semeio "whakawhiua Katoa". ka hoatu e Ata o te Mother o te Atua tona kaha i roto i te mate koroputaputa, i wahia i roto i roto i 1768. Kei te mohiotia te reira e ko te Empress i roto i te tuatahi ki te kia werohia ki tenei mate e wehingia iho me te kainga ki te torona, na roto i te tuku i te tauira ki ētahi atu.

Ko ia te tino nui rite werohanga i roto i aua tau i te taone, a ka oha i roto i te hapori ki te wehi me te incomprehension. I mua i te whakatau koe i runga i te nekehanga taua, ka haere Catherine II ki te fare pureraa o te rangatira Natalia. Inoi icon "katoa te whakawhiua" tuu i roto i tona whakawhirinaki. Ka rite ki te hua o kano i hanga e tona hi'oraa, whakaorangia te ora o rau o iwi. I roto i te mauruuru, te hou, ara atu taonga utu icon i hohoro hanga.

I roto i te kingitanga o tona mokopuna Alexander ahau, he hahi whare i roto i Shpalernaya i tino hanga e kaihoahoa L. Ruska, hoki hanga ata he wāhi motuhake i te taha ki matau o te iconostasis. Tenei wā ko te hanga o te hou, tuatoru i roto i te utu rarangi mo te icon.

I hanga te reira ki manaaki faahiahia. Hoki tona production haere tata whitu manokaramu o koura. I tua atu, hoki te whakapaipai i whakamahia ratou i roto i te maha nui o kohatu utu nui. lithography Photo ki ngā ata, i hanga i roto i te 1862, e taea te kite i roto i tenei tuhinga. I whakanohoia ano nga utu nga pukahu o te hunga tapu maha. I muri i te whakatohungatanga hanahana i nei kua mahia e Metropolitan Grigory (Postnikov), ka mau utu tona wahi.

E toru ngā rārangi ki ngā ata

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e i roto i te tua ki te whare i roto i ngā ata Shpalernaya i pātai, i reira e toru atu mau ki tona rārangi, engari e whakaaro ratou ngaro. anake tatou e mohio e he tata tetahi o ratou kahore rerekētanga i roto i to ratou āhuatanga iconographic o te mea i kawea mai Natalia Alekseevna. Kua oti te tona utu utu nui. I te tau 1847 i whakawhitia te icon ki te mana o Saint Euphrosyne none i Polotsk, ka tangohia tona wahi i te taha o te kape i hanga kaipeita PM Shamshina.

E mohiotia I rua atu kape ki kua i o ratou āhuatanga iconographic. Ratou hanganga ngā tau o te mamae e korero ki a ratou tuhituhi i muri. Ko atu noa i roto i te kura te uru Brushwork, i roto i nei i hanga e ratou,. Ko tētahi o nga ata, ko roto i te ruma i runga, i roto i te taiwhanga. pēnei Ko tōna Kaituhitanga te ki te pai-mohiotia i te wa te toi FA Bronnikov. Ko te tahi atu i hanga i roto i te kororia o te tau rima tekau o te hangaia anō temepara. Kua oti te tuhituhi i te artist i runga i te poari parahi, IA Tyurin.

Ahua muri i hanga e ia te hanganga o te hahi, a mai ka i huaina ai Skorbyaschinskoy. I mohiotia ano te reira i rite te Ekalesia o "te whakawhiua katoa". roa te reira i tae noa ki 1932, ka, tahi me maha hahi Russian i katia ai. I muri i ngaro i te reira, kahore he wahi, me te rokiroki i te reira i roto i te icon semeio - taonga Princess Natalia.

I roto i te St. Petersburg, i roto i te Faahuru Cathedral, i reira he he icon e whakapono maha ko reira te kotahi ngaro ka kati i te temepara Shpalernaya. Ko tenei, kāore, ko te pōhēhē. lithograph tawhito i hanga e te ata e no ki Princess, fakamo'oni'i ratou tuakiri-kore. Ko reira atu pea e i roto i te Faahuru-Tapu Cathedral ko te rārangi kororia, e, kia rite ki mohiotia te, puritia i roto i ngā tautuhinga utu nui icon muri ki Natalia Alekseevna ka i whakawhitia ki te whare karakia i muri i te katinga o te hahi whare.

Ata ki groshikami

i reira ko te kotahi i roto i to ratou ake ara motuhake i roto i te ata Petersburg Marian. Kei te karanga a te reira i te icon "te whakawhiua katoa" ki groshikami. He he he kōrero kotahi ra, i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XIX, kua mea patu e te reira Neva ngaru ki te uta i muri ki te ingoa o te kaihoko Kurakin. Ko ratou he icon haere ki te kaihokohoko Matveeva, e prepodnos ia rite te mea homai noa he fare pureraa hanga i roto i te kororia o te Icon Tikhvin o te Mother o te Atua i roto i te Village karukaru tata Petersburg. He he he fare pureraa i muri ki te wheketere karaihe St Petersburg.

Rongonui, ko tenei ata i muri i te tupuhi e wehingia ana, riri i runga i te pa Hōngongoi 23, 1888. Ko te tuhinga toe i taua wa, kua mohiotia ai e te patu uira e tomo te fare pureraa, i ngingio taiepa roto, me te ki reira he ata. Te nuinga i tukua maka mō te kohi - i pakaru rawa reira. Noho tonu anake i roto i te fare pureraa, ko te ata - he kaihokohoko homai Matveeva. Ano, ka rere motu aro uira moni inexplicably mau titi ki te mata o te icon.

A, no te whakatuwheratia i muri i te tupuhi pakaru te fare pureraa, i kitea e ratou e te whakapakoko o te wahine tuia mua i roto i te kokonga ki runga ki te aho o te patu tohe hinga iho. Otiia ko te Tūrongo tino te meka e te mata o te Mother o te Atua, pouri e te wa ano marama, me te whakahoutia. Tenei merekara ko te rota o kaiwhakaatu, hohoro hau e pā ana ki a ia horapa i St Petersburg.

ka anga te reira ki te whakanui o te meka e i te wō o te episekopo te tohutohu, ka anga Metropolitan Isidor (Nikolsky) ratonga inoi auau i mua i te icon. Na roto i tenei wa, me nga pūrongo tuatahi o mau faaoraraa semeio, mahia hoki inoi ki te aroaro o tenei ara fo'ou. Mai i te pūkete, ko reira mārama e muri Hakihea 6, 1890 i hanga te icon inoi "te whakawhiua katoa", te tamaiti Nikolai Grachev 14 tau o te tau i whiwhi whakaora i te haurangi. Ko te take e whai ake nei i tuhia i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1891, ka tino ngaro Vera Belonogova-tau 26-tau te kaha ki te korero e tika ana ki nui korokoro, kitea rawatia ake i kitea tona reo.

whare kua ururuatia "katoa te whakawhiua" (St. Petersburg)

emepera karakia Alexander III i roto i te 1893 whakanui i te ratonga inoi ki te aroaro o te icon. E rima nga tau i muri mai, whakawhetai ki takoha ratou moni i te pae whakaritea hanga mo tona whare kohatu "te whakawhiua katoa". purero te reira i runga i te awa Neva. Heoi, i roto i ona thirties, i tukua e te taua e pa ana rite tokomaha o nga mau hiero o to tatou whenua - i wahia ai. Na e pā ana ki rite reira he fare pureraa merekara ora taua.

Aua'e, te whakahaere ahau ki te whakaora ano merekara icon, a ko ano hoki inaianei ia i runga i nga pareparenga o te Neva, i roto i te hahi o te Tokotoru Tapu, e te mea paingia hoki ona āhuatanga hoahoanga i huaina "keke Aranga me Aranga." I roto i te kororia o tenei huinga ata ko te ra motuhake o te whakanui - 5 August. E te ara, tona ingoa mōhiohio o St Petersburg icon "te whakawhiua katoa" ki groshikami riro i runga i nga tohutohu whaiaro o Patereareha Alexy II i 1998. hanga katoa ki reira ia kape te moni e whakaaturia ana peita.

Rārangi, rongonui hoki merekara

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kua riro maha merekara rongonui ata kahore anake, e kua oti whakahuatia i roto i tenei tuhinga, engari i hanga ano hoki ratou ki ngā rārangi. E ai ki tona momo iconographic maha faahiti enei ata rite Moscow me St Petersburg icon. Ko ratou i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whenua, engari i whakakitea a ratou te iho o merekara i roto i te rohe whānui.

E tika ana kia nui ake i runga i tenei mutu. Ko te rongonui tino o enei ata - Reshnovskaya. mai tōna ingoa i te kainga Reshnov, te wahi i rawa hanga e ia temepara "te whakawhiua katoa" mo ia. E ai ki te kōrero, riro te icon i te moke kaipupuri whenua karakia, me te taonga e pohehe - M. Savic. I ona whakaurunga me te whare i hanga.

ta iho e i te ra o tona whakatohungatanga tupu he merekara - te mau pure whaea whakaorangia te tamaiti, e tukua i te pāpāngia. Ko paku rerekē i ētahi atu ata o tenei momo te icon rawa. Ko reira tata tino kape te "Iberian wahine", Heoi, tuku kāinga, me te noa i roto i ona faahinaaro ki rite icon "te whakawhiua katoa". Ko te uara o ona whakapono ko te mana'o o te vairaa mau o te inoi, me te tiaki, kei te tonoa ki raro te wahine Tapu.

Rārangi icon, rongonui i roto i ngā hōhipera me herehere

Hoki e rave rahi tenetere, te icon "katoa te whakawhiua" tauturu iwi e kua ngaro katoa tumanako o te ora. He tauira o tenei ko te whakapakoko, i te mea i roto i te hōhipera no ki te Kiev-Pechersk pakiki. Iho ta e foaki ki te ata o te kaiwhakarewa o te hōhipera - Svyatosha Prince Nicholas, i muri whakakororia i roto i te hunga tapu. kōrero Next parau e hōhipera kaitiaki toutou ite pehea huakina te hōhipera he wahine unknown, me aua tūroro ki nei whakatata ia, hohoro ora ake. He ko ano hoki he moke, ko wai i tukua i te mate e mahu, me te he rite ki te whakaoti o ratou te fenua akoranga kua. Na i roto i te atarau i reira i tetahi ra i runga i tona moenga i te whakapakoko motuhake o te wahine. kite te manawanui ia, a ka hohoro ora.

Mai nga wa onamata i roto i Vologda i te hōhipera whare herehere ko te icon semeio o "te whakawhiua katoa". Ko te uara o taua mea, a ki reira te mauruuru. Iwi mau e tona hara ki ake ranei te mau huru i muri tutaki, neke atu i tetahi atu i roto i te hiahia o te awhina, me te inoi o te whakapaingia wahine Meri. Kainoho o te pa, ngā ata wehi, i hanga hoki tona utu hiriwa-parahe ka kawea i runga i ia me ratou. Ko e me'a fakamamahí, e kore i tenei whakapakoko semeio i tiaki ki tenei ra, tino ngaro i roto i te Revolution.

Ata i Voronezh

Voronezh Theological hahi e mohiotia ano hoki tona icon semeio. He ko he kōrero e tetahi o te āwhiwhiwhi Pita ahau, rere i roto i te kaipuke i runga i te awa Voronezh, i pai ki te whakatata te uta tata te temepara, me te koropiko te icon kei roto i te reira. tukua noa ia ia te whakakake rawa ki te korero e pā ana ki reira. Heoi, hohoro whawhati te tupuhi i roto i, nga tangata ora-te whakawehi, me te tino nui, ko tona tira, arahina ia ki te ripeneta o kupu hohoro, ka herea te kaipuke ki te uta, ki hohoro ki te temepara. I muri ka kihi ia te icon, fakaemana mutu te tupuhi. venerated tēnei icon te rite semeio. He maha whakaaturanga o whakaora e kua puta i roto i te inoi i roto i te mua o ia.

He uaua ki te tatau i nga rārangi semeio katoa ki tenei icon manaakitia. E whakahonoretia tonu ratou ki te i hanga mau hiero me falelotú. Tenei fare pureraa "katoa te whakawhiua" hanga i roto i te St Petersburg i 1915. Ko te whakaaro ki te āwhina i te tamariki hinengaro kino, a ka hanga i raro i te Tuhinga o Empress Maria Feodorovna. I muri i te revolution, i katia ai a anō-whakatohungatia anake i roto i te 1990.

E kore e taea e kore ki te haamana'o i te rārangi o ngā ata, kei roto i Roho. Mōhiohio e pā ana ona he bit hanga, engari fakaanga whakapono e taea te pēnei tona tuhituhi ki te mutunga o te rau tau XVI. I roto i te temepara, hoatu te icon i roto i utu nui, me te whakapaipai ki te maha mowhiti, ripeka me te taonga, takoha e pāriha i runga i te take o taranata te āwhina ki te inoi. Characteristically, i roto i te kororia motuhake, ko ia i te pa o nga kaihokohoko, i roto i whakaaro ratou te kī ki te tauhokohoko angitu ki te kawe i te reira i te mall. Kia aroha mai, e kore i tenei ata ora ki te ra nei. Ka rite ki te tokomaha noa atu, ngaro ia i roto i te revolution.

E rave rahi whakapono i roto i to ratou kohikohinga kāinga i tenei whakapakoko faahiahia. Ata i roto i te fare te hanga i nga wa katoa te huru motuhake. Ahakoa iwi e kore e nei te tāutu ki te karakia, ite haere mai i ratou pūngao momona. Mahi i te reira takitahi o to tatou perception. Otiia ki te mahana te ngakau o te tangata e te whakapono i roto i te Atua, ko nga ata merekara-mahi i roto i te pono.