Gertrude Stein: biography, korukī, pukapuka

haere ki raro Gertrude Stein i hītori hei hou, me te tuhinga orurehau. Kua kawea tenei wahine i roto i te ora i te whakaaro o te haere noa i tikanga pāpori, te hanga ratou ake. To'utangata nuitia whakahi ana hoki ia, a riria ia mo tana āhua whakakeke. Ko tenei ra, Gertrude Stein ko te paerewa o te whakaaro ahu whakamua, me te pionie o te ao hōu. Ko wai te mea ia me te mea tūranga takaro i roto i te hītori o te toi hou?

biography

February 3, whanau 1874 he kotiro i roto i te pa iti American o Allegheny. haere mai ia i te whānau Hurai rawa a ko te rua o te tamaiti. i pai mahi tona papa i roto i te hanga me te umanga hoko whenua, me te hohoro amenea mai he whakapaipai tika, i i nui mō ora nga tamariki.

Girl, ko Gertrude. whakakitea i te kuao tau ia ia kia rite ki te tamaiti pākiki, ka haere te ākonga pai i te kura, me te i runga i te ako o tona papa ki te kāreti, i reira ako ia hinengaro me te rongoā. Heoi, i tangata ke ki a ia i te reira, a ko te riaka te hononga ki tona papa. Ka pau tona tamarikitanga i waenganui i nga whakapaipai ahurea e rua - Paris ko Vienna, kotahi ua Gertrude Stein te hiahia mo te ataahua.

Kua pau te pakanga ano ki te mate o ratou matua. I pani Gertrude me tona tuakana Leo wawe. Tuatahi, i waiho e ia te ora o to ratou whaea i te mate pukupuku, ka mate me tona papa. Na te taitama Stein ki te tukufakaholo nui, me te moni tamau i te mahi whānau i mahue ki a ratou ano.

oho Leo ki Paris, i reira tukua e ia he fare iti i roto i te huarahi Fleurus, 27. i maoro i muri i mahue kura, a ka oho ki tona tuahine. Mai taua taime ra haamata te ora toi te paroro, o Gertrude.

Cubby Staynov hoki Luxembourg Gardens hohoro riro te wahapu o Bohemia i. Leo ko he fakaangá o toi me whai wāhi i roto i te hoko me te kohikohi peita o toi pūmanawa, engari e kore e ano mohio mahi i roto i te aronga hou (Cubism).

Gertrude Stein i roto pūkenga Parisian taea whakamanamana i te reka rerehua tiketike, me te pumanawa. i kuraina ia, mahara, me i te wa ano ki te arero koi, kia ki tona whakaaro whakarongo kore anake, engari ano hoki wehi o reira ētahi wā. Kua faauruhia ia, ka tautoko maha toi e pupū ake me kaituhi huihui huri noa ia porohita auaha tūturu. Ahakoa tenei mahi tūmatanui, utua Gertrude wa, me te poto o ake kaituhi, ahakoa kahore i maioha tonu e fakaangá.

mure ore i aroha ai

I runga i te ora whaiaro o te haere noa-aroha American mohio ahau rite te mea pai ia pŭpŭ tamahine. I ia te rota o hoa tane, engari no tona ngakau anake ki Alice Toklas. tutaki ratou i roto i te 1907 me te mai ka kore wehe. haere Alice ki Europe, a faaoti Paris ki te whakatau ia compatriot. whakamatauria nō te hui. gossiped ahau e pā ana ki to ratou hononga katoa o Paris. Ko te wero hāngai ki te hapori. i rāua te rua noa te mate o Gertrude.

Grand-whaea o te ao hōu

I roto i te tuhinga, mohiotia Stein te rite te hou. kihai i ia whakaaro e pā ana ki te kāhua o te humarie, me te wa katoa Kāre ki tuhinga, ngā kīanga, kōrero rangirua. Ka rite ki tona hoa, te toi Picasso, he āwangawanga atu e pā ana ki te puka, me te kore te ihirangi Gertrude Stein. Ko ia tetahi o te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te tuhinga timata ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāhua pūrākau o awa o mahara kahore kārawarawatanga. Ko tenei kounga - ki te kitea e tafa'aki hou o te kupu - muri i hanga te turanga o te ao hōu me te kaituhi rawa i huaina kāhua whaea rahi.

Ahakoa nga titauraa o te wa, ka whakapumautia i roto i te tuhinga i te whakarerenga iho, kihai i Gertrude Stein hiahia ki te urutau ratou mau hamaniraa, ahakoa kaiwānanga waihā me te kaituhi hohonu i patua. Ia hiahia kaha ki te kia mohio i roto i tona ora, engari whakaaro to'utangata ke reira.

pukapuka nui me ngā kōrero

Kei te maha tāutuhia mahi tuhituhi a Stein ki te peita. Ko nga kupu i roto i te mahi rite peita pani, takoto ki raro i runga i te pepa, te koaka me ia ōrite. Nui pukapuka Gertrudy Stayn ( "Ida", "oraraa toru") i tuhituhia te nuinga i raro i te mana o te waiata tino (Shakespeare, Flaubert), a ite ratou i te hononga ki te kaituhi o nāianei (Hemingway, Fitzgerald), ki nei ko ia hoa, i tautoko. Ko te kōtuitui ahurei o te rongo Five and Seven Pākehā, me te American tenei. I tua atu ki te kaipānui tae rotarota hou, kauwhau i runga i tuhinga me kupu rongonui kaituhi me te hou.

faaino

Ko tētahi o nga mahi tuatahi ia, tuhituhia i roto i 1909, ko te pūrākau "toru oraraa." ka mea a Gertrude Stein e pā ana ki o wahine e toru, e toru pūāhua te whakarau. Ko te mahi e wahi i roto i Amerika, ki Bridgepoint. Kei te tutakina tino te kōrero, i muri riro te reira i te wā "rehunga aronganui". Fakaangá o te whakamahi i te faatanoraa ohipa tuhi ki peita, tohu i te mana o te French kaipeita Cézanne i hanga pūrotu Anna pai. wetereo matatau me te tuwhera pūrotu sexy Melankty homai te tika ki te whakaroa ki te auhoaraa Stein ko Picasso. Ko ite te mana o te Fauves Matisse te tino te ume nei i roto i te huru Silent Lena.

I te tau 1937 ka haere mai tetahi atu pukapuka nui. Ko te kōrero hāngai o tona ora, e kore e nei faaoti tonu ki a Gertrude Stein. "Autobiography o ia" - te ingoa i homai ki te hua. I runga i nga mau api o te buka e kore e mohio anake te kaipānui ki te tohu, iwi, me ngā wheako i roto i te ora o te kaituhi, engari ano hoki tona kiritau-whaiaro. whakaahua ana te pukapuka i roto i te taipitopito Stein haerenga ki te Hononga o Amerika i muri i te 30 tau 'ngaro, me ngā rerekētanga e kua puta i roto i te whenua. He tonu o kōrero ngahau, me te enigmatic, i i pera mōna Gertrude Stein te mahi. Quotes i ona mahi, i te ara - ko te ako motuhake me te panga ki te fakaangá.

āhukahuka

1940 Ko te wāhi tahuri mo te katoa o France. Ko te mahi i te Tiamana, te whawhai i te wa pararutiki te ora toi o Paris. I uaua tūranga o Gertrude i te meka i he Hurai ia. I ui ia ki te waiho mo te ia, engari ka ko ia kua he wahine tawhito, faaoti ia ki whakawhirinaki whakarau, me te noho i roto i te whare whenua. I roto i te 1944, ka timata te āhuatanga ohorere ki te peka, ka hoki ora atu te kaituhi ki a ia Paris taketake. Heoi, e rua tau i muri mai patua Gertrude Stein tātaritanga - mate pukupuku. whakaorangia ahau i te mamae rehunanu anake. Hōngongoi 27 fehangahangai he mahi nui. kihai i taea e tona ngakau tu te kaituhi ...

I roto i te ora o Gertrude Stein kore riro āhukahuka tūmatanui. Hoki ana tautooraa katoa me ngā auaha riro ia manuki, tinihanga me te whakahe. Anake i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga o te kaituhi korero pai. i iritihia Gertrudy pukapuka Stayn ki reo maha, tae atu Russian, a piri te moni koura o te ao toi. He kaituhi runga ia rite te aronui o te tuhinga American.

toi purakau

Ko te tuakiri maha-faceted me i te wa taua ngaro. Stein korero nuitia, free i ino, engari tairongo ki te faaino o ētahi atu. he tangata whakahē taua e kore i taea e noa e haere hia i te rangatira o te toi. Na, a Paora Chelischev (kaiwhakarewa Russian o surrealism pūngāwerewere) whakamahia te whakapakoko o Gertrude mō te tuhi papa reo "Te Tītohu". No mahi iti rongonui ko te "Portrait o Gertrude Stein" - te hanga Pablo Pikasso.

Kaituhi ngā i roto i te kiriata: i roto i te āhuatanga kiriata "fakaeonopõní" (1987), i roto i Woody Allen o "Midnight i Paris" (2011). image o Gertrude he reira i roto i te tuhinga: a Hemingway "A te neke hakari" ko Satterthwaite "whakaahua ke". I runga i te tuhinga whiti whakatakotoria Stein waiata e kaitito American Virgil Thompson i roto i nga tau rerekē (1934) me Dzheymsom Tinni (1970). I teie mahana, i roto i New York, Bryant Park, ko te tohu ki te kaituhi.

meka ngā

• I roto i te whare tamata Gertrudy Stayn ki te tiki maha toi o te wā. Ko wai ka tahuri ki te kaituhi o te tohutohu whaiaro, kotahi mo te tautoko, ko wai hoki "whaitake" faaino. Ko tōna manuhiri rongonui ko Ernest Hemingway ko Skott Fitsdzherald, e definition Gertrude o te "whakatupuranga ngaro" hoatu Stein iho - wawe pakari iwi kihai i taea e te tangata e kitea e ratou wahi i roto i te ora.
• Ko te tuakana o Gertrude Leo Stayn kihai i whakaaetia o te whakatau ki te ora ki te tuahine Alice Toklas. Ua faaite oia i tona whakahe i roto i te tiaki o runga i te huarahi Fleurus te whare, me te whati i te whanaungatanga ki a Gertrude.
• Ahakoa te meka i ko Gertrude Stein hoki maha taitamariki geniuses o toi whetū whakaaro katoa me te puna taonga o ariā, aromatawaitia ratou ake taranata tuhituhi te tano, a he tokomaha te mahi uaua ano maha e kore e riro tetahi whakautu i te iwi whānui. I whakapakaritia te mauruuru ore e te meka e oaoa ia te faatura me faahiahia o tona "ngā ākonga" ia i ngawari ratou. I muri i te whiwhi āhukahuka, maha wahia ratou atu auhoaraa a tae noa tōraro korero e pā ana ki te tuakiri o te kaituhituhi.