GLONASS - he ... Global navigation pūnaha amiorangi. He aha te GLONASS me pehea faikehekehe reira i te GPS

Ko te pūnaha GLONASS ko te pūnaha whakatere nui e taea ai e koe te aroturuki i te wāhi o ngā taonga. Te kaupapa, whakarewahia i roto i 1982, kei te whakawhanakehia kaha, ka pai ake ki tenei ra. Ano, kei te mahi te mahi e rua i runga i te pūmanawa GLONASS hangarau me te hanganga e taea ki te whakamahi i te pūnaha ake me te ake iwi. Na, ki te whakamahia nga tau tuatahi o te whakatere matatini i te peeutari e te nuinga i roto i whakaoti mahi hōia, i tenei ra GLONASS - he taputapu tūnga hangarau hei e kua faufaa i roto i te ora o milioni o ngā kaiwhakamahi ā.

pūnaha whakatere pee'utari Global

I roto i te tirohanga o te whīwhiwhi hangarau o kaupapa o ao tūnga amiorangi tino ū i tenei ra ki tenei ingoa e taea anake e rua ngā pūnaha - GLONASS me te GPS. Ko te tuatahi ko te Russian, me te tuarua - te hua o ngā American. Mai i te wāhi hangarau o te tirohanga, GLONASS - he huinga o te taputapu taputapu motuhake, ka kei roto i te ohuraa me i te whenua.

Ki te kōrero ki te āmiorangi whakamahi pūoko motuhake me farii, me nga tohu pānui e hanga e runga i te pūtake o ratou raraunga wāhi. Hei tātai i te tawhā wa whakamahia motuhake karaka ngota. mahi ratou ki te whakatau i te tūnga o te ahanoa e hāngai ana i runga i nga ngaru haapurororaa irirangi me te tukatuka. Tuhinga o hapa taea ki te whakarato i te tātai pono o te tawhā tūnga.

Functions o whakaterenga amiorangi

Ko te tūāwhiorangi o ngā raruraru o te ao pūnaha whakatere amiorangi kau whakatau i te vahi papu o ngā whenua. I tua atu ki te te matawhenua, ao navigation pūnaha amiorangi hanga reira taea ki te tango i ki pūkete te wa, e whai ake nei i te ara, tere, me te tahi atu tawhā. Whakatinana i enei whāinga i roto i āmiorangi i rerekē ngā i runga i te mata o te whenua.

E kore te te whakamahi o ao whakatere whakamahia anake i roto i te ahumahi transportation. tauturu i āmiorangi i roto i te rapu me te faaora ngā mahi, te whakatinanatanga o mahi geodetic me hanga, me te kahore e kore e taea te mahi ia ratou teihana ruruku me te mahi, me te tahi atu waka wāhi. ahumahi Military kore hoki e mahue kahore pūnaha tautoko GPS. GLONASS kaiwhakatere mō taua take whakarato he tohu haumaru tikanga mō taputapu mana te Tāhuhu o Defence.

Ko te pūnaha GLONASS

timata te mahi tonu o te pūnaha anake i roto i te 2010, i ngana ki te tomo i te matatini i roto i te mahi hohe whakahaeretia mai 1995. I roto i te ara maha, i pā te raruraru ki te mauroa iti o āmiorangi whakamahia.

I te kau, GLONASS - he 24 āmiorangi e mahi i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ohuraa. I roto i te whānui, kia te wāhanga e toru hanganga hakari navigation: waka ātea matatini mana (whakarato ngā rōpū mana i roto i te ohuraa), me te tikanga hangarau o ngā kaiwhakamahi whakatere.

24 āmiorangi, ia o nei he teitei tamau, wehea ki te maha ngā kāwai. I runga i ia tuakoi kiia hoki 12 āmiorangi. Na roto i āmiotanga pee'utari i runga mata o te whenua hanga he tukutuku, i roto i nei e whakaritea tohu te taunga tangohia. I tua atu, he maha ngā taonga tārua te amiorangi GLONASS. Ko ratou ano ia i roto i ona ake ohuraa, a kahore mangere. I roto i to ratou mahi ngā whakawhänui i te kapinga o te rohe ngā me te whakakapinga o putanga te pūnaha pee'utari.

pūnaha GPS

tauira American, GLONASS - he pūnaha GPS, i timata tona mahi i roto i te 1980, engari mai 2000 anake, i hanga taea tūnga tika tona whakahörapatanga whānui i roto i kiritaki. Ki te rā, GPS āmiorangi ki te whakarite i te tika o 2-3 m. Ko te roa i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā kōwhiringa whakatere mo te wa roa i tika ki te whāititanga o kitea te āhua horihori. Heoi whakaaetia ratou withdrawal ki pū mōrahi ki te whakatau i te taunga. Ahakoa, ki te tutuki te tukutahi i te farii iti hua hāngai GLONASS.

Rerekētanga i waenganui i GLONASS me te GPS

miramira te reira i te tahi mau rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā pūnaha whakatere. I roto i ngā, i reira he he rerekētanga i roto i te āhua o te whakaritenga, me te nekehanga o te āmiorangi i ohuraa. Ko te GLONASS matatini neke ratou i roto i rererangi e toru (e waru āmiorangi i roto i ia), ka whakarato te pūnaha GPS mo te mahi i roto i te ono rererangi (e pā ana ki wha ia rererangi). Ko te kupu, e whakarato ana te pūnaha Russian whānui rohe kapinga o whenua, kitea nei i roto i te pū teitei. Heoi, i roto i te mahi, wā-poto "ora" o āmiorangi motu e kore e tukua te pūmanawa tonu o te pūnaha GLONASS. GPS, i roto i te tahuri, tautoko tika tiketike e tika ana ki te maha nui o āmiorangi. Otiia, whakamōhio te matatini Russian wā āmiorangi hou rite mo te whakamahi e tūmanakohia ana, me te tautoko rite tārua.

te tono hoki tikanga rerekē o te whakawaehere tohu - kei te whakamahi Amelika waehere CDMA, me GLONASS - FDMA. A, no te tātai i te farii raraunga mō te kitea i te pūnaha pee'utari Russian whakarato hoki te tauira matatini ake. Ka rite ki te hua, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i te GLONASS kohi pūngao tiketike, kitea nei i roto i te rahi o te pūrere.

E tukua kaha GLONASS?

I roto i te mahi pūnaha taketake - whakatau nga taunga o te ahanoa e taea o te pāhekoheko ki te āmiorangi GLONASS. GPS i roto i tenei tikanga mahi mahi rite. I roto i ngā, i te tawhā tātai o nekehanga whenua, te moana me te rangi whakaurunga. I roto i te torutoru noa hēkona, whakaratohia te waka e te kaiwhakatere hāngai taea tātai i te āhuatanga o ona ake nekehanga.

riro te whakamahi o ao navigation kua whakahauanga mō etahi kāwai o waka. Ki te i roto i te 2000 E pā te horapa o te pee'utari tūnga ki te mana o etahi rawa rautaki, e rite rawa nga farii i teie mahana ki manuao, me te rangi kaipuke, waka tūmatanui, me te pera i runga i. E. Ko taea me te titauraa ki te kī i te GLONASS-kaiwhakatere o waka tūmataiti katoa i roto i te heke mai e tata ana.

He aha ngā pūrere mahi ki GLONASS

taea ki te whakarato kapinga ao tonu o ngā kāwai katoa o kiritaki, kaore he aweretanga, ahakoa o te āhuarangi, te mokowā me ngā āhuatanga pae tino te pūnaha, ko te. I tua atu i ngā ratonga o GPS, whakatere GLONASS noa o tiaki, ki hea i roto i te ao.

I roto i nga whakaaro e whai i te kaha ki te farii i tohu amiorangi, puta kore anake i runga i-papa taputapu whakatere me GPS-farii, engari pūtau ano hoki waea. E tonoa raraunga i runga i te wāhi, te aronga, me te tere o te kaupapa ki te tūmau motuhake mō whatunga o GSM-ngā. Ko te whakamahi o te whakatere amiorangi hanga reira GLONASS hōtaka motuhake me ngā tono e rave i roto i te tukatuka kāri.

farii ngā

roha-rohe o te whakatere amiorangi hua i roto i te whakakotahitanga i te pūnaha e rua i te tirohanga kiritaki. I roto i te mahi, GPS GLONASS e maha kō ngā pūrere me te hurihia, e whakapiki i te tika o te tūnga, me te wā. Tū, mohio tenei e te tikanga o pūoko e rua ngātahi ki te pūtirotiro kotahi. I runga i te pūtake o tenei whakaaro, ka hua te kaiwhiwhi integrated, rere tahitia ana ki te pūnaha GLONASS, GPS, me te taputapu e hāngai ana.

I tua atu ki te whakapai ake i te tika o te whakatau i nga taunga matawhenua o tenei symbiosis taea tauwāhi aroturuki ina āmiorangi tetahi o nga pūnaha kore e mau. Ko te maha mōkito o ngā orbital, "aritanga" hiahiatia nei te ki te whakahaere i te kaiwhakatere, ko te toru wae. Na, ki te, hei tauira, riro uaua te hōtaka GLONASS, ka haere mai ki te āmiorangi āwhina GPS.

Ētahi atu pūnaha whakaterenga amiorangi

kaupapa Development, rite i roto i te whānuitanga ki te GLONASS me te GPS, whai wāhi i roto i te Pākehā Union, me te India ko China. Te Pākehā Space Agency mahere ki te whakatinana i ngā te pūnaha Galileo o 30 āmiorangi e ka tukua ki te whakatutuki i te tika kē. Kua whakaritea India ki te whakarewa i te pūnaha IRNSS whakahaerea ana e whitu āmiorangi. arotahi pūnaha Navigation te i runga i te whakamahi kāinga. pūnaha Compass i ngā Chinese kia ngā o rua wāhanga. Ka ngā Ko te tuatahi o te 5 āmiorangi, me te tuarua - 30. Nä, te kaituhi kaupapa whakaaro hōputu rua ngā tohanga.