Hapori Industrial rite te wā o te whanaketanga pāpori

I roto i nga tau 60 o te rau tau rua tekau kua riro he rongonui nui i roto i te kaupapa pāpori, me te rapunga whakaaro o te hītori i te ariā hapori ahumahi. puta ratou i roto i te hononga ki te huarahi pūnaha pera-ka karanga ki te hītori. Kaiwhakahau o tenei huarahi he raruraru hītori, hītori, me te taumauri o te ariā pāpori, ka tamata ki taupoki ana i te tukanga o mua rite te katoa, he mahara ki reira rite te tukanga matatini o te whanaketanga me te whakahaere o ngā pūnaha matatini. Kua riro hapori Industrial me atamira pou-ahumahi nga ariā tino nui o tenei momo.

Ko te putanga o enei ariā kua meinga e te ite e kore nui noa ki te faahapa i te ariā Marxist o ngā. I muri i te katoa, kua ui nga wa katoa hinengaro tangata i te tikanga pai o te hītori, "te moe o te mano tau i muri", ahei o whakakapi i te pai Marxist.

sociologist French Raymond Aron i tona "Lectures i runga i te hapori ahumahi" fakamatala'i te rerekētanga wä i waenganui i te puni hapori, me te capitalist rite kotiti. he puni e rua i roto i tona tirohanga i te taua "hapori ahumahi kotahi", anake i roto i te huarahi rerekē. Tenei ariā i whakawhanakehia e te sociologist American Walt Rostow. I te tau 1960 whakaputaina e ia tona autaia "Manifesto kore-Communist", ara, te mahi "te timata o Economic Growth." I roto i tenei pukapuka, whakaarohia ia atu atu i Marxism, te parau tumu o te wehenga hanganga - e kore i runga i te pūtake o ngā pāpori-ōhanga, me i ngā wāhanga o te tupu o te öhanga. Ko te kupu, pai te hapori ahumahi ki te ariā o te whanaketanga puta noa i te aamu o te taata nei.

Ngā wāhanga o te tipu e pā ana ki te taumata o te whanaketanga ahumahi, te hangarau, te pūtaiao, me te tupu o te ōhanga, kia rite ki Rostow, i reira e rima:

1) hapori tuku iho i roto i nei ngoi ana te pūnaha ōhanga ahuwhenua, hanganga pāpori aroākapa me huinga invariable o uara;

2) hapori tauwhirowhiro, e haamata ki te XVII- timata o rau XVIII, ka reira timata he mahi tūmataiti;

3) te wā o "tango-atu", ka tīmata ahumahi (kua tae whenua rerekē tenei wā, i ngā wā rerekē, i te pito o te rau tau XVIII ki te 50-doma o rau XX);

4) te wā o "paari" ranei ahumahi otinga;

5) te wā o te kohi papatipu me te toko i te ora, whakaaro nei ko te sociologist, tae i roto i te United States. Me waihanga te reira i te hapori e e te nuinga maramarama me ngā uara utuafare.

Rostow whakapono e te pūkaha o te ahunga whakamua, ko te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, me te nekehanga pāpori me te revolution - te "tipu mamae" e pā ana ki te taumata iti o te whanaketanga o te hapori. Otiia, e pā ana ki Russia, tuhituhia ana e ia e muri i te Oketopa Revolution kua tomo te whenua he wā paari, a āta haere tonu ki te taumata o te hapori capitalist ahumahi, no te mea maoro, te hapori ahumahi hei he tauira mo te whanaketanga o tetahi whenua. Ko te take i te arorau o ahumahi e faatupu āhuatanga pāpori e whai rite āhuatanga.

Rostow ariā kōrero etahi āhuatanga o te hapori ahumahi. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te aroaro o te mīhini nui, e whakatau i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga katoa. Na, i reira te mea he whānui o taonga kiritaki pērā i televisions, AUTOMOBILES, taputapu whare, me te pera i runga i production. Ko te āhuatanga i muri ko te revolution pūtaiao, me te hangarau, e tika ana ki te auaha i roto i te hanga me te whakahaere, me te ki te taumata tiketike o te tāone me te wātea o te whāriki whanui o kaiwhakahaere-kaiwhakahaere. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, e taui te hanganga o te hapori, me te hapori ahumahi iho.

Tohu o ēnei huringa:

- te pakanga piha haapiiraa (whakahaere nei i roto i te anga o te pōtitanga, mahi hokohoko uniana me te bargaining ngā)

- te tahi atu mau huru o te whanonga, me te kōrero pāpori i waenga i te iwi,

- kumi o whakaaro i roto i te whānui.

hapori ahumahi te ariā o te pānga i runga i te ahua o taua ariā pāpori rite te ariā o te pūtahitanga, deideologization, hapori papatipu me te ahurea papatipu.