Hauhā

Te waro haukura, he rāpoi ngota e ngā o te ngota kotahi, me nga ngota C rua, e (i.e. te tohu o te piti hāora o te waro i huaina nei ōrite 4) ko te hauhā (ingoa atu: te hauhā, he anhydride o waikawa carbonic, te hauhā). Kei te nuinga o tenei taonga tuhituhia CO2 tātai rāpoi. papatipu titiwha ko reira 44,01 g / mol. I roto i te ahua i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa o te hauhā ko te hau kanokore. I nohanga iti te mea kahore kakara, riro koi, kakara kawa i nohanga teitei.

e toru āhua taea whakahiato e kua āhuatanga e uara rerekē o te kiato o te matū:

• totoka (te huka maroke); i 1 atm. me te pāmahana o -78,5 ° C - 1562 kg / m³;
• wai (hauhā); i te pēhanga o 56 atm. me te pāmahana o +20 ° C - 770 kg / m³;
• haurehu waihā; i 1 atm. me te pāmahana o te 0 ° C - 1.977 kg / m³.

ko waro pāmahana hauhā rewa -78 ° C, kipeniya- pāmahana o -57 ° C. rewa te rawa i roto i te wai: i te 25 ° C, me te pēhanga o 100 kPa memehatanga rite ki te 1.45 g / l.

Hauhā Ko te pūhui matū māori i roto i te rāpoi ngota o ngota hāora ki ngā ngota waro hono e te here kotuari. He rārangi, me te centrosymmetric te muingota o te hauhā. Rua te hononga i waenganui i te waro me te ngota hāora e rua e ōrite (i roto i te meka, he rua). Ko te rāpoi ngota he whanaunga hangarite ki tona pokapū, na te mea kahore momeniti dipole hiko.

Hauhā Ko tetahi o te pūhui matū haurehu waihā tuatahi, e kua mutu ki te kia tāutuhia ki te rangi. I roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu, kite te kēmihi Flemish Jan Kaiiriiri van Helmont e ka tahuna e ia waro i roto i te oko kati, he nui iti ake i te tikanga te papatipu o te pungarehu hua waro. Ko te āhuatanga o te hauhā kua ako atu tino i roto i 1750 i te rata Kotimana Hohepa Black.

te hauhā i te pēhanga paerewa, me te pāmahana kei roto i te kōhauhau o te whenua i roto i te nui o e pā ana ki te 0.04% i te rōrahi. I raro i te huringa waro mohiotia rite ahotakakame, whenumi hauhā e tipu, pükohu, cyanobacteria. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga te wai te me warowaihā, engari e wahi tenei tukanga anake i raro i te mana o te marama. Kei te hua hoki te hauhā i roto i te ngingiha o te waro waiwaro ranei, i roto i te wai FERMENTATION me te rangi i roto i te tangata launoa me te kararehe. I tua atu, tuha i puia, puna wera, waiariki.

Ko te kōhauhau o Earth o te hauhā whai wāhi nui (absorbs me tuku hoki radiation i roto i te whānuitanga pōkākā waiariki). Ano hoki, i tenei pūhui matū ko tetahi o nga puna matua o tukupu te pH o te moana: memeha i roto i te wai, hanga ana e ia he waikawa carbonic ngoikore: CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3, hē o tino dissociate ki katote.

e kore e hauhā tautoko parariraa me te respiration. rama tahuna i roto i tona huru pirau. Animals me te iwi i te CO2 nui kukū whakahēmanawa. I 3% kukū i roto i te rangi manawa riro atu auau i te 10% mate o mahara puta, me te mate tere, me 20% ihirangi ai pāpāngia inamata.

Te hauhā Ko te anhydride o te waikawa carbonic, na kua āhuatanga reira e nga āhuatanga o te waikura waikawa. I roto i te taiwhanga e rite ai i te tauhohe i kotakota ki te waikawa pūmāota i roto i taputapu Kipp: CaC3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. I roto i te ahumahi, kei te whakaputaina ai e whāwehe waiariki o te pākeho kotakota (iti iho magnesite dolomite ranei) ranei: CaC3 → cao + CO2. Takanga tukanga hauhā ko te byproduct o wehenga pāmahana iti o te rangi ki te hauota, me te hāora. I roto i to tatou wa, whakaputaina matou he generators motuhake ki te whakaputa i te hauhā i te rangi. E whakamahia taua generators ki tuku CO2 i te kōtuhi i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i tētahi taiao pai mō ngā tipu.

Kei te whānui whakamahia waro hāorarua i roto i ngā tipu matū. Kei te whakamahia te reira ki te whakaputa i houra, mo te kōtuitui o ngā waikawa organic, mo te hanga o inu maeneene. te huka maroke whakamahia te rite te refrigerant, hei tauira, i roto i te mahi waina. hanga hauhā huru te ki te ārai pirau o kai, te karepe ano i muri i te kohikohinga me te mua ki te hanga o te waina.

kawea Production o te hauhā hauhā liquefied ranei i roto hoki te whakakī i te whakapoko ahi hauhā, e kua whakamahia ki te tinei ahi. Heoi, e kore e taea e ratou te tinei tangata no te evaporates te wahi nui o te kōpana o CO2 wai, me te pāmahana koi heke (e taea meinga hukapuri) me te tahuri CO2 ki tio maroke. Carbonation nuinga tinei wai pūkākā, me te waea. Ko te tikanga, ko te ki te whakamutu i te whai wāhi o te whakauru hāora kōhauhau ki te ahi kanga.