He aha te counter-ripeneta me te tupu i te reira i roto i Russia

ka tango te tuarua i te tama a Alexander II te torona i muri i te matenga o tona teina tuakana. kihai i rite ia ki te kingi, ahakoa tenei, i tona kingitanga i roto i Russia i tohua e te mau ohipa e rave rahi i tangohia e hopearaa tino whakahē. Alexander III noatia nga whakatutukitanga ohaoha, me te manapori o te whenua. Ko reira i roto i ako tana Russia aha te counter-ripeneta, ka ua te mau hopearaa o te kāwanatanga momo.

Hanganga o ngā whakapono a te kingi

whakaaro tōrangapū o Alexander III i hanga i raro i te mana kaha o tona kaitiaki me te kaitohutohu K. Pobedonostsev. whakahē tenei kaitōrangapū piro te whakataki o te mentality Russian o uara pāpori Pākehā Western. kāwanatanga Local whakaaro ia tikanga, to ratou huru - "korero toa", i nei kia kia whakakahoretia o. Te iwi, i roto i te matauranga ka Pobedonostsev kia ahu i te papa-kingi. Ko te hiahia ki te pupuri i roto i te rohe o te autocracy kaitohutohu Russian Empire kingi i titiro rite te kaupapa here tika anake, me tetahi ine i te akoranga, kia rite ki a ia, e whakangaromia te kāwanatanga, me te rumakina e te whenua ki te hepohepo.

Pea e kore e arii heke mai kua ui i te mau haapiiraa o Pobedonostsev, engari te kohuru o tona papa, Alexander II o, panaia te rangatira Ngātuere, ki fakamulituku unambiguous. faaoti Alexander III e te kāwanatanga o te iwi Russian e taea, me whakahounga pāpori - he kino, me te arahi ki ihe.

Ko te akoranga tōrangapū o Alexander III

Ko te otinga matua o te akoranga tōrangapū o Alexander III i whai ake:

• Whakapakari o autocracy, te whakapakaritanga o te mana i runga i te haapa'oraa o te raupapa kaihe, te roha o te mau haamaitairaa o te piha haapiiraa pai.
• Ko te tango i te mana o te kaitōrangapū ohaoha.
• pūnaha tōrangapū timata Russia ki te whiwhi ngā āhuatanga o te kāwanatanga pirihimana. arahina counter-whakahounga o Alexander III ki te putanga o te tari Haumarutanga. ata tirohia pirihimana ngaro o te Tsar te kaupapa huru tōrangapū, te mana, me te mea e tika - ka ārai mahi whakarihariha kahore tamataraa.

• Russification Active o waho ake motu, me te rohe hou te mapi. Tenei mehua i ki te whakangaro i tetahi ngana ki te whakahoki rangatiratanga o to ratou whenua, me te tuakiri motu. Tāmia te whakaaro o te tuhinga motu, ahurea me te toi - tau motu ki runga ano mohio e tenei counter-ripeneta me aha e ona mau hopearaa.

kihai i whakahounga me counter-whakahounga o Alexander III ārai ki a ia noho rawa he aho kaupapa here ke taurite. Ko te kōrero i huaina e ia te hunga hohou rongo, mai ratou hiahia i te otinga rangimarie ki raruraru o wawaotanga hōia tika. I te wa ano te kingi o Russia kihai i whakahaere ngā mahi hōia, me te kore i tomo ki hononga hōia.

wā counter-whakahou

Ātete ki te whakataki o ngā uara Pākehā i roto i te Russian Empire arahina ki te hanga o te maha o ngā whakataunga tōrangapū, fakafekau'aki te kingi o te akoranga. 1880-1900 tau ko hītori counterreforms wā i roto i te āhua. I tenei wa, whakakorea reira maha kaupapa ohaoha, me te panoni. ako Russia aha te counter-ripeneta, ka anga ki te whakahauora i te mau parau tumu o Nicholas I.

He aha te mea te counter-whakahounga me pehea i kawea e ratou i roto i

hoatu Judicial rangatira counter-whakahou mana nui i roto i te kōwhiringa o mua. homai Kawana te tika ki te wero i tetahi hunga whakawā, kahore hoatu take. I whakaurua hoki te reira i herenga nui o taonga, me tohu mātauranga mō ngā kaiaromatawai.

uesia hoki Kaitatau-whakahounga o Alexander III rohe whaiaro kāwanatanga-. nui kua Farmers heke te maha o ona māngai i roto i te kāwanatanga ā-rohe, me ki te rangatira tuku, i runga i te anga ke, nui haere te motunga. Whārangi atu taui kua te pūnaha pōti kua rite, te hopearaa o i ko ki te whakaiti i te maha o te iwi āhei ki te pōti.

Rāhuitanga i te mara o te mātauranga me te tā pupuhi mauiui ki te Rīpera, e tonu kihai i mohio e tenei counter-whakahou. Ka whakaturia he whāinga ki te ārai i te whakapakari o ngā waiaro ohaoha i roto i te hapori, kua riro mehua uruhi ki te whakakikī mana i runga i te taitamarikitanga, me ngā ākonga. akoranga o te wahine kati, kua tangohia whare wānanga o ratou tika me ona rangatiratanga, utu akoranga nui haere, me te runga i whakaritea i runga ake whakahaere o ngā whare wānanga. I tua atu, rite ki te porowhita "I tamariki a te tuari", ko te akomanga o raro tangata tangohia o te tika ki te riro te mātauranga teitei.

Ko te matua counter-whakahou, te tepu whakaaturia nei te raro nei, āta whakaahua i te āhuatanga matua katoa o te mahi o te kingi i runga i te ara ki te tari pirihimana Ngātuere,.

Kaitatau-hanganga o Alexander III. hua

Ko te putanga o te kaupapa here motu Alexandra Peacemaker ko te stabilization whanaunga o te ora tōrangapū ā-o te whenua. Ko te hiahia mo te haere noa, me te manapori kihai i ngaro - reira mooni piti i roto i te whanuitanga o Russia, ka haere mai ki te kaha i te tama a Alexander III - Nicholas II.