He aha te mea pakiwaitara? Fiction: Definition

He aha te mea pakiwaitara? Ko te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai. Fantastic kōrero, pakimaero, ranei - he pakiwaitara tūmomo, i te mea he maau tuhi ranei kōrero, he rōrahi iti, te nuinga ihirangi kōmeke, i te mea ahua kaupapa mau āta fakakehei.

Faaotiraa o te pakimaero

vy Propp, philologist me folklorist, ka whakahoki te pātai e pā ana ki te mea he pakiwaitara - ko tetahi o nga momo o te momo fantastic, te wahi i roto i vyvorochena mo'oni tenei. A faatia i ki a ratou te kōrero o te mau ohipa i roto i te ora o te taea rawa, rite e, rite pokohiwi o te tangata taka ki te repo, rakiraki i runga i tona matenga, hanga he kohanga me takoto hua, a ka haere mai te wuruhi, ki te kai ratou.

pakiwaitara Russian

No te mau tenetere, i roto i Russia reira ko he kura pakiwaitara mō ngā tamariki i te 4 ki te 12 nga tau, i roto i nei faaite ia ano ki te ngākau nui, me te hopu, huaina ana e ia pakiwaitara.

whakaturia tenei momo clowns, kaikōrero, waimarie ki waiata rorirori me kupu takaro i roto i nga kainga me nga pa i runga i nga Hooters me waxwings.

I roto i te ako o te pakiwaitara motu, whakamana Andreem Sinyavskim, i tohaina kōrero fantastic me pakimaero, e karanga e ia nga kōrero e pā ana ki te ngā, kore i nei kua a kihai i taea e. Ko te aha te pakimaero (definition Andreya Sinyavskogo). E ko, kīanga reira me āhuatanga nuitia Lesisita, e kua hangaia hoki ki a koe kia i te pānga kōmeke. Ka rite ki te tauira, Arā ia he kongakonga i "Tales Northern", tuhituhia NE Onchukovym. kōrero e pā ana ki te āhua o tetahi tangata hoatu te toki ki runga ki ona waewae whanau, whitiki ki te kakau toki, poroporo rakau whitiki. Tana wahine ko he ataahua - rite te titiro i roto i te matapihi, na te kuri e auau mō toru nga ra. Ko te aha te pakimaero. I hoatu te whakamāramatanga o tenei momo i roto i te timatanga o tenei tuhinga.

Rerekētanga i waenganui i tales hoha me tito

tuhipoka ia Andrei Sinyavsky me e i roto i pakimaero, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i te pānga kōmeke, i tahi kupu, e I Whakawhiti nga uara. Ka rite ki tales hoha, fantastic kōrero - he parody o te korero patupaiarehe iho. Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui ia ratou takoto i roto i te meka e kua parodied te rōpū rerekē. hopoi mai te reira i ki te uhinga korero hoha te parau tumu o te roa, me te hononga. Anake te ahua kau o reira tonu: koru, totoro ki mutu- mekameka o kupu. kawea mai te ihirangi kōrero fantastic ki te kōrero patupaiarehe heahea iho ki tona hehema ki tipua, me te semeio. Ko te aha te pakimaero.

Fiction i roto i Amerika

pakiwaitara American hei wāhanga o te momo o te pakimaero, e rā hoki ki te whakataetae i te whakamanamana i roto i te Wild Te Hau-ā-uru. puritia "Toastmasters International" ko nga tau e rua, whakataetae o whaikōrero, i rite te wāhanga kotahi kia ngā te momo o te kōrero pūrākau whakaharahara. Kaiuru i roto i tenei take, i homai te hītori o 3-5 meneti, a ka te e te Huuri reira whakawakia.

Ko te toa tino rongonui o tales patupaiarehe i roto i Amerika ngā nga pūāhua e whai ake, etahi o nei e hītori ano: te kaitapahi Rapa Paora Bunyan, nei ka mau te toki i roto i ona ringa i te rua o nga ra i muri i tona whanautanga; Pete Cordes, tona teina; Toni Biver; Bill Pecos, Daniel bun me ētahi atu.

Fiction i roto i ētahi atu whenua

Ka rite ki te tikanga, te pakiwaitara mahi (pakiwaitara Ahitereiria) e wahi i roto i te ngahere, hei tauira, Spivey, faaapu rongonui. Ko ratou nga tautohe o Pire Big ka mauria pai hangaia mō te keri waro, te noho faaapu tino poauau; rite pai rite te Strigal rongonui nei e nohoia kaha nui, ko Crooked Mick. puta hoki tenei huru i roto i te mahi o "Whispers i roto i te Hau" Alana Marshalla.

hero Popular o tito ngā i roto i Canada ko Mafero Joe, he pūāhua rongonui, te kaitapahi Rapa.

Fiction i roto i te ahurea o nāianei

tikanga Popular o pūrākau i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, ko nga whakapakoko e kua hanga i runga i kāri. E noa nga kaihanga ngā tuhi me te whakaahua, mā te whakamahi i te huringa o te tirohanga, me te tāuta mo te whakapakoko hopu ika nui, hopu kararehe nui ranei e eke ana ki runga ki a ratou, tipu te rahi faahiahia o te hua. Whakapono hoki te reira (te mea he pakiwaitara, lau i te timatanga o te tuhinga) e ngā meka e pā ana ki Chuck Norris - kōrero arearea e pā ana ki a ia.

Mā te tales i roto i te pakimaero

He āhuatanga nuinga mo te pakiwaitara ratou, engari i reira e ano pakimaero tuhituhi, te nuinga i runga i te kaupapa rerekē o te pakiwaitara. Tauira ngā te whai ake: te Adventures o Baron Munchausen i te whakaaturanga o te kaituhituhi Erich Raspe, Gargantua ko Pantagruel o Rabelais 'pūrākau o te taua ingoa, korero Pomeranian Stepan Pisahova me Boris Shergina. Kei roto hoki i te pehepehe "Puputu'u" Korney Chukovsky, e ngā katoa o turncoats.

E whakaatu ana Chukovskij tamariki e te whanonga o te kararehe tika. I te ngakau o tenei korero ko te pakanga ki te kino: whakatakotoria te moana i runga i chanterelles ahi, nei ka mau te ōrite. Decoupling ohorere: kahore tetahi i ahei ki te hoatu i te reira i roto i, i taea ki te mahi i reira he pūrerehua iti anake.

Chukovsky i roto i te pakanga mo te kōrero i roto i te 20 i ki te mahi ki ngā kaiako e kī e ko ia he huānga o te ahurea bourgeois tawhitotia, ara whakaputaina e ratou he mahi pūtaiao - ". Ko matou ki te korero patupaiarehe" he kohinga o ngā tuhinga i raro i te taitara maha ino i roto i te shifter wāhitau i hanga. Te reira i ora Chukovskij tenei momo. I teie mahana, Waimarie, te huru o te korero, ko te āhua tetahi.

Samuil Marshak (tau o te ora - 1887-1964) i tito te rotarota rongonui e pā ana ki te tangata marara i poka huarahi. i hanga e ratou i mua i te whawhai, ina te kaituhi noho i roto i Leningrad, e kore matara atu i ngā i roto i te mooni Baseina Street (tenei ra huaina te mea te huarahi Nekrasov).

mahi tales

I roto i ngā tamariki, te mahi arorau tuatahi ko te kaupapa o te wehenga o ngā mahi, te whakarato ia ki ngā tohu uncharacteristic. haere ake tamariki ki HRE me kōrero ratou. tuhituhi Korney Chukovsky e te whakamahi o taua tales me irava he mārama: tetahi ine i te täkupu haapuai te tamaiti i roto i reira, ka aromātai te reira te takotoranga runga ake katoa o te u i roto i tenei ao. Tamaiti ana mana hinengaro rite e te whakamātautau me te whakakeke reira, e whakaara ake te whakaaro ki te maramarama, te kiritau-, kia tika ki ngā tamariki, kia rite kore ki te ngaro i roto i to tatou ao huru.

Fiction hoki ngā pakeke he maamaa te-waha, tito noa, a mo te tamaiti - kōrero rorirori e pā ana ki te mea tino kore e taea e. Kia mōhio e i tukuiho wā te iwi i reira ko tenei ahua o te pakiwaitara, me te i roto i te meka mau pakiwaitara anake te pai, tātari i roto i memeha. Tamaiti, āta heheu te tauira o tenei ao, hanga whakaaro hou, āta tīmata ki te tākaro i te momo o ngā ariā, no te mea anake i te tākaro i te tangata iti e taea mahino te hanganga o te ao.

Tamariki, fulihi te ngā tītohunga, maka ana i te tikanga hou ki te mohiotia, ako e founga ki te whakamahi i me pai te whakahaere i ngā ariā hanga te tokonga, haere noa o whakaaro, kia timata ki te ite me te matau i te katakata.

Kua whakaaro matou e te pakimaero taua. Definition, momo, o ratou mahi i hoki kua ako e tatou. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ko te tino ngā, me te whai hua tenei momo. purakau me ngā kōrero - e kore e whakangahau noa kōrero, he ratou rawa motuhake, whāinga nui, te āwhina ki te hanga i tuakiri o te tamaiti.