He aha te mea te IOC? International Komiti Olympic: haki, pūtea, kōmihana, komiti me ngā hanganga

He aha te mea te IOC? Ko te Komiti International Olympic (IOC) - he pai-kore whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga te ao e hāngai ana i roto i Lausanne (Huiterangi). I hanga te reira e Pierre de Coubertin, Hune 23, 1894, me ona peresideni tuatahi ko Dimitri Vikelas. Ki te rā, kua tito reira o 100 melo itoito, 32 ngā mema hōnore me 1 mema o te kororia. Ko te mana nui rawa o te Olympic Movement o te ao hou te Komiti.

He aha te mea te IOC?

whakaraupapa ana te Olympic Komiti International te Häkinakina me Youth Olympic Games wahi hou tango i roto i te raumati me te hotoke nga wha tau e. Ko te tuatahi Games Olympic, whakaritea e te IOC, puritia te Olympic Games i roto i te whenua, i roto i Atene, i roto i te 1896. Winter Olympics mo te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te taata nei (i roto i te Kariki onamata kihai i puritia nga Winter Games) puritia i roto i te 1924 i roto i Chamonix, i te raki o France. Tae noa 1992, i puritia ratou e rua Games i roto i te taua tau. Na oho te Komiti i te Häkinakina Winter Games i roto i ara tau i waenganui i te raumati ki te āwhina i te ngā o ngā e rua ki te ruruku ratou mahi, me te kore e pokanoa ki ia atu, me te ki te whakapai ake i te huru pūtea o te IOC, e manako ana he moni nui i roto i nga tau Olympic. tū te Summer tuatahi Rangatahi Olympic Games i roto i Singapore i 2010, me te hotoke tuatahi - i roto i Innsbruck i 2012.

He aha te mea te haki o te Olympic Komiti International?

IOC haki ko te huinga o rima mowhiti (e toru i runga i runga, me te rua i raro). E tu'ati ratou. Ia mowhiti he ona ake tae: puru, pango, whero, kōwhai, me te matomato. Katoa o ratou tohu nga fenua e rima o te whenua. IOC haki he papamuri ma.

Mission IOC

Ko te misioni o te Olympic Komiti International, i runga i ona tuhinga tūtohinga, ko ki te whakatairanga i te mau ma'ona Olympique tei huri noa te ao, me te whakatairanga i te Olympic Movement. Me mahi e ia te whai ake:

• mau tonu i te whanaketanga oti, me te pūnahanaha o te hākinakina ao, whakatairanga i te reira katoa i runga i te ao;
• whakarato i te Games i roto i te runga ki te hōtaka i whakaritea;
• mahi tahi ki te whakahaere tūmatanui tūmataiti ranei mātau me mana;
• whawhai ki tetahi nganatanga i hanga ki te faaino i te Olympic Movement;
• aro whakahāweatanga ki nga wahine i roto i te hākinakina ao, tiaki te ōritetanga o nga tangata me te wahine.

IOC

Session o te Olympic Komiti International - ko te whakahaere matua o te tinana whakahaere ngātahi. E haere ana ia ki te kotahi te tau. Te whakatinana i te parau tumu o te taurite o ngā pōti, i roto i nei te melo tata'itahi kua kotahi anake pōti. IOC tari matua i roto i Lausanne, ko te wāhi e pā ana mō te wātū.

kia kia huaina wā faahiahia e te peresideni rānei ranei 1/3 o te katoa mema. Heoi, kī te Ture e ki he whakatau o te IOC tango maha rawa me faufaa ore.

I roto i te tahi atu mea, e tika ana te te wātū IOC:

• tango i te whakatikatika ranei te Olympic Tūtohinga.
• whiriwhiri i te ngā mema o te IOC, te hōnore te peresideni me Mema hōnore.
• whiriwhiri i te peresideni, Vice-Peresideni me ētahi atu i te mau melo katoa o te Whakahaere Poari IOC.
• whiriwhiri i te pa ope o te Häkinakina.

hōnore

I tua atu ki te whakataetae mō ngā metara Olympic e te whai ake tohu IOC:

1. Trophy IOC peresideni. Ko te wehewehe teitei whakawhiwhia e te kaitäkaro e kua Nui i roto i to ratou hākinakina, i te mahi rerekē, ka i he pānga faahiahia i runga i to ratou hākinakina.

2. Pierre de Coubertin mētara. Whakawhiwhia ki kaitäkaro e whakaatu i te wairua motuhake o te takaro i te Olympics. E rave rahi whakaaro i mua e no te mea te IOC te mana karanga ratou metara Olympic, engari ehara i te mea.

3. Cup Olympic. Whakawhiwhia ki ngā whare rōpū tohu i te hua, me te whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga kaha o te kaupapa Olympic ranei.

4. Order Olympic. Whakawhiwhia ki takitahi mō te mahi nui ki te te kaupapa Olympic. whakakapi ia te Olympic Tiwhikete ngā mua.

Mema i roto i te IOC

No te tau maha, te whenua i nei i hanga te hanganga katoa o te IOC, tonoa e rua ngā mema ki te IOC. I muri mai, ka anga te tikanga ki te huri i āta. Ka rite ki te hua, ko te turanga o te hanganga o te komiti whiriwhiringa o nga whenua tēnā i roto i to ratou mau melo o te.

Whakamutunga o te mema

Mema i roto i te IOC poroa i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

1. Tuhinga. kia mema IOC whakamutu ana mana i hoatu he pānui tuhituhi o rīhainatanga ki te peresideni.

2. Ko te ngaro o te re-pōtitanga. mutu mema IOC ki riro, kahore fakaeouau atu ki te te kore anō-pōtitia ia.

3. tutuki te tau mōrahi. mutu mema IOC mana i te mutunga o te tau, i roto i i tae e ia te tau o 80.

4. Tuhinga ki whai wāhi i roto i ngā wā o rua tau karapīpiti.

5. Huri o noho raraunga ranei.

6. mutu te tangata pōtitia rite kaitäkaro kaha ki te hei i te mau melo o te Athletes IOC 'Komihana, ka paunga.

7. ki te peresideni o te IOC me tūranga whakahaere matua i roto i NOCs, ao ranei hononga continental o NOCs,'uhingá me pera i runga i, mutu ona mana mohio e te whakatau IOC.

kia peia mema IOC i te whakatau o te Paremete, ki te tona oati e tukua e ia ranei, ki te whakaaro te Session e kua mahue ia te ngākau nuitanga o te IOC ranei āta e ratou i mōrea o, ranei mahi i roto i te tikanga e te mea tano ore hoki he mema o te IOC: 8. Okotahi.

pūtea IOC

I roto i te wawe o 1980 kēmu Olympic ko te nuinga ti'aturi i runga i te moni i te puna kotahi - te kirimana ki nga kamupene pouaka whakaata US ki päpäho te Häkinakina. I muri tona pōtitanga ei peresideni o te IOC i 1980, ka mohiotia e Juan Antonio Samaranch kua tenei whakaraeraetanga, a i roto i te kōrero ki a Horst Dassler, mema Adidas o te utuafare, ua faaoti ki te whakarewa i te hōtaka hokohoko ao o te IOC. whakaritea Samaranch Canadian mema IOC Richarda Paunda Tiamana o te Komihana IOC "puna New o te pūtea."

I roto i te 1982, kua whakawhanakehia te kamupene Swiss i runga i te kamupene hokohoko hākinakina Raki- Marketing he hōtaka hokohoko ao o te IOC mo te Olympic Movement. Kua pai te whakawhanakehia te Raki- te hōtaka, engari kua whakakapi e te kamupene whakahaere te Meridian, tetahi wahi e i fatuhia e te IOC mai te tīmatanga nga 1990.

I roto i te 1989 tetahi o te tokotoko piri te Raki- Marketing Maykl Peyn te IOC, a ka te kaiwhakahaere tuatahi o hokohoko mo te whakahaere. Heoi, te Raki- me muri Meridian takaro kākā he wāhi nui i roto i te whakanui ake i te maha o hoko me te hokohoko mo te 2002 māngai. Hoki 17 nga tau, i roto i te mahi tahi ki te Raki- me muri ki te Meridian, hanga Payne he koha nui ki te hanga o te hōtaka tautoko hokohoko multibillion-tāra, e, me te whakapai ake o te TV hokohoko, me te whakapai ake te whakahaere pūtea, kua awhinatia ki whakahokia te noho tuwhera tonu pūtea o te IOC. timata Olympics ki te kawe hoki nui. I roto i te 2002, ki te Komiti mutu te hononga ki a Meridian, me haere hoki tona hōtaka hokohoko i raro i te arata'iraa o Timo Lummen, Te whakahaere i ngā ratonga Kaiwhakahaere Marketing.

moni

Ka whiwhi te Olympic Movement moni i roto i ngā hōtaka matua e rima. Te Olympic Komiti International (IOC) te whakahaere hononga haapurororaa me te Ao Program o tautoko o te Olympic Movement. E hoki te komiti whakahaere mo te whakahaere o kaitautoko uta, hoko tīkiti me ngā hōtaka raihana i roto i te whenua ope i raro i te ārahitanga o te IOC. Olympics e tango moni mo te katoa o neke atu i te $ 4 piriona. Tuhia i roto i te wā wā - 2.5 piriona tāra i roto i te moni i roto i te wā Olympic-tau e wha i 2001 ki te tau 2004. Hard ki te whakapono e ko te IOC e tango mo te 4 tau, engari ratou hokohoko e kawea mai painga nui.

tohatoha moni

tukuna IOC wahi o te moni o te whakahaere Olympic Movement katoa ki te tautoko i te faaineineraa, me te pupuri o te Olympic Games me ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te hākinakina puta noa te ao. tonu te Olympic Komiti International e pā ana ki 10% o te moni i te hokohoko Olympic ki utu whakahaere, me te whakahaere.

National Olympic Komiti

riro NOCs tautoko pūtea mō te whakangungu me te whanaketanga o ngā kapa Olympic, kaitäkaro Olympic me kaitäkaro heke mai. Te whakahaere tohatoha hua i waenganui i Komiti huri noa te ao. whai wāhi hoki te Komiti ki te pāpāho Olympic, te whanaketanga o Olympic Siulaí, me te tahi atu kaupapa Olympic, āhuatanga e te hiahia nui mō te pūtea.

Kua whakaaetia Olympic angitu hokohoko, me te mutunga o te whakaaetanga i runga i te pāpāho Olympic te whakahaere ki te whakarato i te tautoko nui ake hoki te NOCs ki ia huringa quadrennial Olympic.

International Olympic Sports Fédérations ('uhingá)

Ko tēnei wā IOC te puna nui o moni mo te nuinga o nga'uhingá, rite tona takoha ki te moni o te whakahaere katoa tauturu MSF i te whanaketanga o te hākinakina tēnā te ao. whakarato IOC tautoko pūtea, tīmata ki te'uhingá 28 o hākinakina raumati Olympic, me te mutu 7'uhingá o hākinakina hotoke Olympic (tīmata reira, aua, i muri i te otinga o te huringa muri o te raumati me te hotoke Olympic Games). Ko te ake-tipu uara o Olympic kua whakaaetia hononga haapurororaa te IOC ki te whakapiki ake i nui te tautoko pūtea ki te'uhingá ki ia Games ngā.

atu whakahaere

whakatairanga te whakahaere te whai wāhitanga o ona hua i roto i ngā hōtaka o ngā rōpū hākinakina ao mohio, tae atu i te Paralympic Komiti International me te Ao Anti-Doping Agency (wada). I roto i te nuinga o te wā mahi ratou i roto i te ahunga taua, Heoi tupu te reira me ngā riri. Hei tauira, ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i wada me te IOC mo te whakauru o te rōpū Russian i nga Olympics-2016 (tenei ka e kōrero i raro nei).

kaitautoko

he maha nui o ngā kaituku, e whakarato hoki, tua atu i ëtahi, whakahaere moni atu IOC kua. I roto i te rongonui tino e:

• "Coca-Cola";
• "Bridgestone";
• "Electric General";
• "McDonald o";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & Gamble";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

wahi o te tautoko mai hoki i te tautoko o te National Olympic Komiti.

Wāhi Olympic Games 1976

kī te tīmatanga ki te pupuri i te 1976 Olympics nga pa e whai ake nei:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. Hiona, Switzerland.

3. Tampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, Canada.

I te tīmatanga, i whiriwhiri te pa o nga Games ko Denver Haratua 12, 1970. Heoi, maranga utu me manukanuka e pā ana ki te pānga kino i runga i te taiao (te ähua o tona huru 3 ngā wā) arahina ki te meka e te Noema 7, kua pōti 1972 noho o te kāwanatanga ki te panga o te Games, no te mea te kore te take here e hiahiatia ana i roto i te nui o $ 5 miriona mo pūtea o moni tūmatanui.

Denver mana kihai i 15 Noema, a ka whakaarohia ana te Komiti he kēmu i Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), engari kihai ano hoki ratou no te mea o te huringa o te kāwanatanga i muri i te pōtitanga.

Salt Lake City (Utah) i roto i te 1972 tapaea ia rite te ope pea o nga Games i muri i fakafisi ki Denver (i roto i te mutunga, kia rite ki matau tatou, ka mau ratou ki nga Games i roto i 2002). Te Olympic Komiti International, kei te wiri tonu i te kore o Denver, whiriwhiria e ahau Innsbruck (Austria) mo te Winter Olympic Games i roto i te tau 1976. I mua e kua whakahaerehia Innsbruck te 1964 Winter Olympic Games.

Ko te tutukitanga ki te Olympic Games 2002 i roto i te Salt Lake City

Take Hakihea 10, 1998, ka he mema Swiss o te whakahaere Marc Hodler, te upoko o te komiti urungi tokanga'i te whakahaere o Olympic Games-2002, ua faaite e tangohia e rave rahi i te mau melo IOC utu whakapati. Maoro, Kua kawea wha tūhuratanga motuhake i roto i te taha o ngā rōpū rerekē: te IOC, te USOC, te Tari US o te Ture.

I mua rihaina tūhura whakahaere Oxley Welch me Johnson. hohoro aru He maha atu ngā mema o te IOC. Kua rēhitatia te Tāhū o te Ture te feia faatere utu: hiahia ratou ki te homai ia o ma rima nga tau i runga i utu o nga utu whakapati me te tinihanga. Johnson ko Welch i te mutunga whiua o taihara katoa i roto i Hakihea 2003.

Ka rite ki te hua o te tūhuratanga o tekau ngā mema IOC i peia, ka i waiho i raro i tetahi atu tekau ki ngā aukati. Ko te okotahi tuatahi te whakapanga o aukati mō te pirau hoki i runga i te rau tau o te oraraa o te Komiti ranei. Ahakoa tetahi mea tino ture i meatia, ka ua te reira e tango i te utu whakapati i morare pāhekeheke. ture tino Kua whāngai mō tono heke mai, me te miramira te maha ngā mema o IOC taea farii i tono mo te kēmu.

atu ngā whakahēnga

I roto i te 2006, kia rite ki te pūrongo o te kawana o Nagano (Hapani), mirioni o tara pūtea mo nga Olympics, kua pau i roto i te puka o "taumata ture, me te nui o te manaaki" ki ngā mema o te Komiti, tae atu $ 4.4 miriona o ratou mo te whakangahau. I aru tenei e te tūhuratanga, me te pananga o te maha o Mema States.

ātete maha ngā rōpū ao ki te Olympics i Beijing, whakatika i te reira i te meka e kua tino maha ngā wāwahitanga tika tangata te whenua. Mō puritia enei kerēme maha whakawātanga, engari te mutunga hanga he tauākī e ka te Olympic Games 2008 kia tū i roto i Beijing.

I roto i te 2010, ka whakawhiwhia te Olympic Komiti International he tohu motuhake. Kei te whakawhiwhia te reira ki te me "whakarihariha" whakahaere rangatōpū kino huri noa te ao.

I mua i te tīmatanga o te Olympic Games i roto i 2012, kihai whakaritea e te Komiti ki te pupuri i te meneti o te puku ki te whakahonore i te mahara o te 11 maona Iseraela nei i patua i roto i nga Olympics Munich 40 tau ki muri. Zhak Rogge, te peresideni IOC i te wa, ka mea e te mea "tika" ki te rave i te reira, i meinga he hāngai tūmatanui whānui.

take doping

I tua atu, ka rite ki te hua o te tutukitanga doping pai-mohiotia i roto i Hūrae 2016 i runga i te hua o te rangahau o te Ao Anti-Doping Association, te pūrongo o te mataotao American me kairīpoata McLaren, me te whakatau i hanga e te Kooti Apitireihana Sports, tata i nekehia atu te whakatau IOC o kapa motu Russian i te Games Olympic i Rio de -Zhaneyro. hui IOC i Lausanne mutu ake te whai wāhi ki ngā āhuatanga kino mo te whakauru o nga mua i nga Olympics me nga kaitäkaro i tukunga katoa te kapa katoa, e rua te hunga e ka mau dope, me te hunga e kore i whai wāhi i roto i enei take katoa.