He aha te mea tūnga ao?

I teie mahana, pea kahore tetahi e kore i te tangata i rongo o GPS. Heoi, he ki tonu i te māramatanga o te mea ko reira kore he, i te katoa. Ka tamata tēnei tuhinga ki te matau te mea ko te pūnaha tūnga ao, kua hanga i ai reira a pehea te mahi i te reira.

kōrero

Ko te pūnaha whakatere GPS he wahi o te Navstar matatini, whakawhanakehia, ka whakahaeretia e te Tari US o Paruru. tīmata kaupapa matatini ki te whakatinana i roto i 1973. A i roto i te tīmatanga o 1978, i muri i te whakamātautau angitu, hoatu e tatou ki te mahi. Na roto i te 1993, 24 āmiorangi, tino uhi i te mata o to tatou paraneta kua whakarewahia huri noa te whenua. ka mohiotia Civil whawhai o te whatunga Navstar rite GPS, e te tikanga Global Positoning System ( «Global Positioning System").

Kei tona turanga o āmiorangi, e neke i roto i ara porohita e ono ohuraa. Ko te whanui o ratou tika mita te hawhe, me te i roto i te roa - i te iti ake atu i te rima. Taumaha i roto i tenei take ko o te tikanga o wha tekau waru rau kirokaramu. whakarato katoa o ratou taumahinga tonu i tetahi wāhi o to tatou paraneta.

kawea Aroturuki te roto ki te teihana mana ariki i roto i Colorado. He he Schriever Air Force Base - hononga rangi te rima tekau.

I te whenua, i reira e kua hangaia teihana neke atu i tekau ki te aroturuki i. Ko ratou i runga i te Ascension Island, Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, Colorado Springs, i Cape Canaveral me wāhi kē, te maha o nei kei te tipu nga tau. tukatuka te mōhiohio katoa whiwhi i ratou te i te teihana matua. raraunga utanga ki te menemana i hanga e nga rua tekau wha haora.

pūnaha pee'utari, e whakahaere i raro i te mana o te US matua keke - taua ao tūnga. mahi te reira i roto i tetahi tikanga huarere me whakawhiti tonu ngā mōhiohio.

parau tumu o te mahi

hāngai ngā pūnaha tūnga GPS Global e i runga i te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• trilateration amiorangi;
• lemetry pee'utari;
• tohutoro wā pau;
• tauwāhi;
• te ako.

Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

I raro i pā te tātaitanga trilateration ki nga raraunga tawhiti o toru āmiorangi, whakawhetai ki nei he taea ki te tātai i te wāhi o te pūwāhi etahi.

Kopikopiko tikanga te tawhiti ki te āmiorangi te tatau i roto i te wa whakatö tohu irirangi i ratou ki te kaiwhiwhi ki te tere o te marama. Hei whakatau i te waehere PRN wa hanga e ai taea ki te maukati i tetahi roa te wā te kaiwhiwhi, ko te.

E whakaatu ana te ahua e whai ake nei fakafalala tika i runga i te tika o te karaka. Āmiorangi whakahaere he karaka ngota, te tika o te mea ki runga ki te kotahi nanosecond. Heoi, e tika ana ki te utu nui, ratou e kore e whakamahia nga wahi katoa.

E kei te āmiorangi i te teitei o neke atu i te rua tekau mano kiromita i te whenua, kia rite ki te nui rite he e tika ana mo te pūmautanga o te nekehanga orbital me hukihuki o te rangi resistance.

A, no te te pūnaha tūnga ao i roto i te ao hanga hape e te hunga a tātau. Ko e tika ana ki te tohu haere i roto i te kōhauhuri me Kōhaungōtata, te wahi heke te tere e, e arata'i ki rahunga i roto i te inenga tenei.

pūnaha Wae mahere

He maha ngā hua o te pūnaha tūnga me te GIS tono ao mō te whakamahere. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, kua hangaia me hohoro whakahoutia nga raraunga matawhenua. Ko te wāhanga o enei hua he GPS-farii, pūmanawa me te rokiroki raraunga.

E taea ki te hanga tātaitanga ki te auautanga iti iho i te i te tuarua, me te tika o tekau o henimita runga ki rima mita, mahi i roto i te aratau pārōnaki te farii. rerekē ratou i ia atu i roto i te rahi, kaha mahara me te maha o takere aroturuki.

Ahakoa te tangata e tu ana i roto i te kotahi wahi nekehanga ranei, e tango te kaiwhiwhi tohu i te āmiorangi me hanga te tātai o tona wāhi. E whakaaturia Hua rite faaau i runga i te whakaaturanga.

Pūmana he rorohiko kawe e whakahaere i raro i te mana o te pūmanawa e hiahiatia ana mō te kohinga raraunga. mana Pūmanawa te wae kaiwhiwhi. Ko o rerekē te rahi o, me ngā momo o te tuhi raraunga nga puku.

rite rawa ia pūnaha i te pūmanawa. I muri tukuatu koe te mōhiohio i te puku ki te rorohiko, e faarahi te hōtaka te tika o te raraunga mā te whakamahi i te tikanga tukatuka motuhake, i huaina "ako pārōnaki". visualizes Pūmanawa nga raraunga. taea te whakatika etahi o ratou ā, te tahi atu - ki tā me te pera i runga i.

GPS tūnga ao - ngā pūnaha e whakatairanga te kohinga o ngā mōhiohio mō te wāhi ki pātengi me hoko ratou pūmanawa ki te hōtaka GIS.

ako pārōnaki

Tenei tikanga tino whakapiki i te tika o te raraunga i kohia. Ko te kupu i whakaritea tetahi o nga farii i te mata o taunga me ētahi atu mōhiohio i kohikohia te wahi e unknown ratou.

whakatinana ako pārōnaki te i roto i ara e rua.

• Tuatahi - he ako pārōnaki wā-tūturu, e kua tatau, ka outputted hapa teihana matua o ia amiorangi. raraunga parakore mohio a e te kaiwhiwhi pūkoro e whakaatu ana i nga raraunga i te papaki.
• Tuarua - pārōnaki ako i roto i te pou - puta ina tuhi te teihana matua te ako tika ki te kōnae i runga i tō rorohiko. tukatuka te kōnae taketake te ki parakore, ka huri ki differentially reira papaki.

pūnaha whakamahere Trimble taea o te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e rua. Ko te kupu, ki te haukotia te aratau wā-tūturu te, ko reira taea tonu ki te whakamahi i te reira i roto i te pou.

tono

GPS whakamahia i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē. Hei tauira, te Global Positioning System i runga i te whenua e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te mara o ngā rauemi māori, te wahi tohunga pūtaiao, ōmataora, Foresters, geographers me te whakamahi ia ratou mo kai tuhi me te mōhiohio atu. Ko reira ano hoki te wāhi o te whanaketanga hanganga me te ōhanga tāone, ka whakahaeretia e te waka me ngā pūnaha terenga.

te whakamahi whānui o te pūnaha tūnga ao GPS-riro i roto i te ahuwhenua, te whakaahua, hei tauira, ngā mara. I roto i te mara o tikanga ā, faihisitōlia me whaipara whakamahi ratou mo te whakatere me te rēhita o Places Historic.

GPS whānuitanga pūnaha mahere e kore e mutu i reira. Ka taea te whakamahi ratou i roto i tetahi atu tono e rapua e taunga pau, te wā, me te tahi atu mōhiohio.

GPS-kaiwhiwhi

Tenei farii irirangi, e whakatau nga taunga o te wāhi o te pūihi i runga i te kōrero e pā ana ki te wa roa tohu irirangi Navstar i āmiorangi.

E hanga e inenga ki te tika o e toru ki te rima mita, me te mea i reira te mea he tohu i te teihana whenua - ki runga ki te kotahi mirimita. GPS-kaiwhakatere mō tauhokohoko i runga i ngā tauira tawhito i te tika o tetahi rau e rima tekau mita, engari i roto i te mea hou - ki runga ki te toru mita.

I runga i te pūtake o te GPS-farii hangaia kairarau, GPS-trackers me GPS-kaiwhakatere.

kia waiho te taputapu he kaiwhakamahi, me te ngaio. te rua nga aratau kounga rerekē, iarere, ngā pūnaha whakatere me te utu.

E taea e ki te korero i te tangohia wāhi, te wā, teitei, aronga, whakaturia e te kaiwhakamahi, te tere o te mōhiohio huarahi o nāianei farii Ritenga. whakaaturia ana te mōhiohio kei runga i te waea te rorohiko ki i piri te pūrere te ranei.

GPS-kaiwhakatere: mahere

Maps kaiwhakatere hua kounga. He ratou pere me Raster momo.

E penapena ahanoa raraunga i roto i te putanga pere, te wāhi, me te tahi atu mōhiohio. Ka taea te whakatakotoria ratou āhuatanga o te whenua, me te maha ngā momo o ngā taiao, pērā i hotels, teihana hau, wharekai, a na i runga i. E., rite ratou kahore e i roto tangohia whakapakoko ake iti wāhi, me te mahi tere.

momo Raster - te kuware tino. tohu ratou te whakapakoko o te wāhi e taunga matawhenua. Ka taea te hanga te reira i te pepa amiorangi whakaahua momo mahere ranei - karapahia.

I tēnei wā, i reira he pūnaha whakatere, ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te whakaoti o ratou taonga.

GPS-trackers

e tango i te reo irirangi i te fariiraa i taputapu pērā me whakawhiti raraunga mō te aroturuki, me te aroturuki i te nekehanga o ngā taonga, ki te piri nei te reira. Kei roto te reira i te kaiwhiwhi, whakatau taunga, me te tuku e ka tukua ratou ki te kaiwhakamahi i te mamao.

GPS-trackers he:

• whaiaro, whakamahia takitahi;
• ara, hono ki te Autonet onboard.

E whakamahia ratou ki te whakatau i te wāhi o ngā taonga (iwi, waka, kararehe, taonga, me te pera i runga i).

Ki te whakamahi ai i enei whakaaro tohu hëoi tikanga hanga i te pokanoa i aua iarere te wahi mahi i te Tracker.

GPS-Logger

Ka taea e ēnei waerehe mahi i roto i te rua aratau:

• Tikanga GPS-kaiwhiwhi;
• Logger, tuhi i roto i te mahara mōhiohio ara, kua oti nei te haere.

Ka taea e ratou kia:

• kawe, rite rawa ki te pākahiko rechargeable rahi iti;
• motokā, kua powered e te whatunga onboard.

I roto i te tauira hou o te kairarau raraunga he taea ake tuhi ki te rua rau mano ngā. Te ani-atoa ki te tohu i tetahi wāhi i roto i tona ara.

Kei te whakamahia whānuitia te whakaaro i roto i te tāpoi, hākinakina, aroturuki, mahere, rūri me te pera i runga i.

tūnga Global tenei ra

I runga anō i te mōhiohio i runga e taea tatou e faaoti e he kua pera pūnaha i roto i te whakamahi katoa i runga i te wahi, a ka whangai ana te hōkai o te tono ki te hei atu whānui.

hipokina tūnga Global te ao o te kohi. Mā te whakamahi i te innovations hangarau hou hanga te pūnaha tetahi o te tino rongonui i runga i tenei wāhanga mākete.

Āpiti atu ki GPS i roto i GLONASS Russian Kei te whakawhanakehia i roto i Europe - Galileo.

I te wa ano e kore te mea tūnga ao, kahore drawbacks. Hei tauira, i roto i te fare o whakapakaritia whare raima, i roto i te kauhanga raro basement ranei ki te whakatau i kore e taea te wāhi pū. Ka taea e te fariiraa noa pokanoa ki vero autō , me ngā puna reo irirangi, i te hunga i runga i te whenua. navigation mahere hohoro riro tawhitotia.

Ko te drawback nui ko e te pūnaha, ko te tino ti'aturi i runga i te Tari US o Paruru, e ai i tetahi wa, mo te tauira, taea mono ranei nga raruraru metarahi o te whānui. Ko reira he mea nui kia i roto i te tua ki ao pūnaha tūnga GPS ko GLONASS, a kei te whakawhanakehia hoki Galileo.