History igil: rā o turanga, te ahua o te kāwanatanga

whakaaro rōpū kaiwhakatuma Islamist LIH maha tohunga te riri matua ki te ao i teie mahana. puta tenei whakahaere rite te pūtau motuhake o "al-Qaeda", engari ka riro i te ope tino motuhake. Na ko reira te nui rawa whakahaere kaiwhakatuma i roto i te ao. ka hei History igil te kaupapa o to tatou ako.

He whakamārama i runga i LIH

Tuatahi, kia kitea a i roto i te mea kua meinga te putanga o LIH, he aha te mea te papamuri o tona hanganga. Ki te mahi i tenei, ka whai tatou ki te titiro ki te tau 90 o te rau tau whakamutunga.

I te rōpū pakiaka, e muri puta ki te LIH, ko Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Fanauhia i roto i te 1966, i roto i tona tamarikitanga, whawhai ia ki te ope Soviet i roto i Afghanistan. I muri hoki mai ki Horano rave i roto i ngā mahi ki te tikanga ngā i roto i te whenua, mai i 1992, kua oti e whitu nga tau o te whare herehere.

I roto i te 1999, i muri tonu i tona tukunga, whakapumautia al-Zakravi whakahaere Islamist Salafi parirau, i tangohia te ingoa "monotheism ko Jihad". Ko te whakaaro taketake o tenei rōpū ko ki te turaki i te utuafare kingi i roto i Horano, e, kia rite ki a al-Zakravi, whakahaere kaupapa here anti-Islamic. Ko tenei whakahaere i te turanga i runga i nei ki te hanga i te "kāwanatanga" LIH i roto i te heke mai.

I muri i te tīmatanga o te mahi American i roto i Iraq i roto i te tau 2001, ngā māngai o te whakahaere "monotheism me Jihad" rere tona mahi i runga i te rohe o te whenua. Kei te whakapono te reira e riro al-Zarqawi kua i tenei wa kotahi o nga ngā me ētahi atu rōpū nui "Ansar". mahi ia te nuinga i roto i Iraqi Kurdistan me nga rohe Sunni o Iraq. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te rangatira ōkawa Faraj Ahmad Nazhmuddinov, kei roto i te whare herehere Norwegian me ngā mahi whakahaere ki reira "Ansar Al-Ihirama." Mai i 2003 ki te 2008 tangohia te rōpū te ingoa "Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna", engari ka hoki ki tona ingoa mua. I muri i te wawaotanga o ope whakauru i roto i Iraq i roto i 2003, he tokomaha o ona whawhai piri nga rarangi o te whakahaere "monotheism ko Jihad". I tēnei wā, "Ansar al-Ihirama" Ko tetahi o nga hoa matua igil.

Ko te haumi ki te "Al-Qaeda"

Ko reira i muri i te hurihanga o te rangatira Iraqi Saddam Hussein i 2003, i te whakahaere "monotheism me Jihad" noho mau i roto i tenei whenua. puritia ia he raupapa o tiketike-kōtaha whakaeke kaiwhakatuma, parani maramara maitai ki executions tūmatanui i te beheading. I muri mai i tenei iho toto, i ko te whakaaro o te whakaweti, tangohia o te whakahaere "monotheism me Jihad" kainga - whakarōpūtanga o LIH. kua riro "te monotheism ko Jihad" te kaha matua anti-kāwanatanga i roto i Iraq, ko tona whāinga ko ki te turaki i te kāwanatanga tauwhirowhiro, te whakangaromanga o kaitautoko Shiite, me te hanganga o te kāwanatanga Islamic.

I roto i te 2004, i homai e te oati o te piripono al-Zarqawi ki te rangatira o te o nui rawa ao i te wa o te whakahaere extremist Islamic "Al Qaeda" Osama bin e waha. Mai reira, te rōpū "monotheism me Jihad" ka mohiotia rite "al-Qaeda i Iraq." hanga History igil mai taua wa kua he a tawhio hou.

rōpū piki arahina e al-Zarqawi timata ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kaiwhakatuma kore ki te hōia US, a na Iraqis - te nuinga Shiites. Tenei meinga he heke i roto i te rongonui o "al-Qaeda i Iraq" i roto i te taupori rohe. Hei hoki ki nga whakataunga, me te whakakotahi i te ope o te ātete ki te whakakotahitanga i roto i te tau 2006, whakaritea Zarqawi he "huihui whakawhiti o te Mujahideen", e ngā, i roto i te tua ki "Al Qaeda", tetahi 7 nui rōpū Islamist Sunni.

Otiia i roto i te Pipiri 2006, i patua al-Zarqawi rite ki te hua o te poma i te rererangi American. meinga te reira i te rangatira hou o te whakahaere, Abu Ayyub al-Masri.

Te Islamic State i Iraq

I muri i te whakakorenga o Zarqawi kōrero igil ke ano tona aronga. I tenei wa, i reira he he fakahehema ki te wahi i ki te "Al-Qaeda".

I roto i te Oketopa 2006, te "Shura Kaunihera o te Mujahideen," karangatia te whakatūnga o te Islamic State o Iraq (ISI), a ki te mahi pera i runga i to ratou ake, kahore tatari mo te whakaae o te "Al-Qaeda" kaiārahi. Ko reira ko rite ano matara i whati oti ki te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma.

karangatia te whakapaipai o tenei "kāwanatanga" i te pa Iraqi o Baquba. Tuatahi ko reira te Emir o Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, te mua o ai tatou e matau anake e ko ia he tangata o Iraq me te matenga o mua o "Mujahideen Shura Kaunihera." I roto i te 2010, i patua ia i roto i te Tikrit i muri i te patu pere ope US-Iraqi. I roto i te taua tau i patua e ia, me te rangatira o "al-Qaeda i Iraq," Abu Ayyub al-Masri, e te whakaaro mai hoki rite tetahi o nga kau taki o ISI.

ka New ISI Emir te noho o Iraq, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, i roto i mua i roto i te puni kukū American runga i te māharahara o te extremism. Ko te rangatira o "Al-Qaeda i Iraq" Ko to ratou compatriot Abu Sulayman al-Nasir. I te wa ano i whakaritea e ia kaitohutohu hōia ki IGI, a i roto i te 2014 ka upoko o te kaunihera hōia o te kāwanatanga Islamic.

Mātauranga LIH

Takanga igil rite te whakahaere, i kite ai matou, rā hoki atu te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau XXI, engari puta te ingoa tūturu anake i roto i April 2013th, ka atu te ISI ona mahi i roto i Hiria, e ko, te whenua Levant. Na reira LIH me tu - te Islamic State o Iraq me te Levant. Ko te ingoa o tenei whakahaere i roto i te kupu whakawhitinga Arabic - Daishev. LIH tata tonu, tīmata ia ngā mahi mātātoa i roto i te rohe o Hiria, kua timata ki te kukume atu me te ake whawhai i te tahi atu rōpū Islamist. I tua atu, ka anga te whakahaere ki te hipi ki te militants o te EU, te US, Russia me ētahi atu whenua.

taumarumaru Hiria i roto i te aroraa pakanga kaiākiri i waenganui i te ope kāwanatanga o te peresideni Assad me te maha o ngā rōpū anti-kāwanatanga o ngā momo. Na reira, ko te LIH Hiriani taea ngāwari ki te tango i te mana o ngā wāhi nui o te whenua. Rawa pai te whakahaeretia i tenei whakahaere i roto i 2013-2014. I oho te whakapaipai i Baquba i te pa Hiriani o Ar Raqqah.

I te rohe igil wa taua kua tae roha mōrahi me te i roto i Iraq. Group ki te riro te mana o tata te kawanatanga katoa o Anbar, me te pa nui o Tikrit ko Mosul i roto i te whakatikanga ake ki te kāwanatanga Shiite o Iraq.

Ko te wehenga atu whakamutunga i te "Al-Qaeda"

I te tīmatanga, tamata te "āhua" LIH ki ohipa i roto i haumi ki te tahi atu ope tutu i roto i Hiria ki te tikanga Assad, engari i roto i January 2014 tomo ki te pakanga patu tuwhera ki te kaha pato'iraa matua - te Free Hiriani Army.

Na, i reira ko tetahi whati whakamutunga ki igil "Al-Qaeda". ārahitanga whakamutunga ui kawea e IG kua whawhai i Hiria, a hoki ana ki Iraq. rōpū anake "Al-Nusra Front" māngai kapu o te "Al Qaeda" i roto i Hiria kia mahi. Ko ia te tangata e mana kanohi te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma ao i roto i te whenua. kihai LIH ki te ū ki te whakaritenga o te whakahaere o "al-Qaeda". Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i Hui-tanguru 2014, ka mea "Al-Qaeda" kua reira kahore ki te mahi ki a LIH me reira e kore e taea te whakahaere i te whakahaere, me te kia haepapa mo ona mahi.

I maoro i muri i wherahia te whawhai i waenganui i militants Daishev me "Al-Nusra mua."

Ko te karanga o te caliphate

History igil e he tauine katoa rerekē, i muri i te karanga o te Caliphate. ¶ Na i te mutunga o Pipiri 2014. Ko te kupu, ka anga te whakahaere ki te tono ki te kaiārahi i roto i te rohe e kore e anake, me i te tuatahi o te ao Islamic, me te tirohanga ki te whakatūnga o te caliphate ao. I muri i taua ka mohiotia ia rite noa "he āhua Islamic" (IG) kahore e tautuhi ana i te rohe ngā. ka mau a Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi te taitara o Caliph.

Faaiteraa o te Caliphate, i runga i te ringa kotahi, whai wāhi ki ara whakapakari rahi o te mana o te IG i nga kanohi o maha Radicals Ihirama, i arahina ki te hua i roto i te rere o militants hiahia ki te uru atu te rōpū. Otiia i runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, meinga ana e ia he hua ara nui i roto i te tautohetohe ki ētahi atu rōpū Islamist kore e e hiahia ana ki te whakaae ki te tuatahi o te IG.

hoa mahi ki IG

Na, ko te hapori ao hei kua piki haere te mōhio o te ati fai e te Islamic State no te mea tonu rohe LIH ki te whakapiki ake i āta.

Mai waenganui-2014 timata te United States ki te whakarato āwhina hōia tika ki te Kawanatanga o Iraq ki te mahi ki te IG. He bit i muri ka whakaurua i te pakanga, Turkey, Ahitereiria, France, Germany. Kua whakamana ratou tamau IG militants wāhi pū i roto i 2014-2015, e rua i roto i Iraq me i te āhua Hiriani.

Tīmata i Mahuru 2015 i te tono o te kāwanatanga Hiriani i roto i te whawhai ki a IG timata ki te farii i whai wāhi Russian. ka anga tona kaha rangi, me te whawhai wāhi ki ngā rōpū extremist. Heoi, ki te tae te whakaaetanga i runga i ruruku o ngā mahi i waenganui i Russia me te whakakotahitanga o whenua Western, e tika ana ki te maha o ngā whakahēnga, i taka i te reira.

āwhina Military o te ope te ao whai wāhi ki kua heke te rohe igil i roto i Iraq tino. Kua hoki i whakatārewatia te reira i whawhai ino i roto i Hiria, whakahaere ki te pare atu te kanohi ratou he maha o ngā tūranga matua. I tino whara ia te matenga o IG Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Ko ki te korero o te wikitoria o te whakakotahi o te kāwanatanga Islamic i wawe rawa.

Tohatoha o te IG

Ko te ao matua o te Islamic State o mahi ko te rohe o Iraq ko Hiria. Ko Nana hoki i whakaputa te whakahaere tona mana ki ētahi atu whenua. tika mana LIH etahi rohe i roto i Ripia me Repanona. I tua atu, ka anga te rōpū tata ki mātātoa whakahaere i Afghanistan, whakatū ki ona rarangi kaitautoko mua o te "Taliban". Feia faatere o te rōpū kaiwhakatuma Nigeria Islamist "Boko Haram" hoatu te oati o piri ki te caliph o te Islamic State me te rohe, te mana nei i te whakahaere, ka mohiotia rite te kawanatanga o te IG. I tua atu, he manga i Ihipa, nga Philippines, Yemen me maha atu hinonga kāwanatanga te IG.

Feia faatere o te kerēme kāwanatanga Islamic ki te whakahaere i runga i nga whare katoa i te wa o te Arapi Caliphate me te Ottoman Empire, e whakaaro ratou ki te hei i te kainga.

Ko te hanganga whakahaere o te kāwanatanga Islamic

kia kia huaina State Islamic o ahua o te kāwanatanga arikitanga fakateokalatí. Ko te Caliph Ko te upoko o te kāwanatanga. He tinana e he mahi tohutohu, ka karanga te Shura. Ministries he analogues Intelligence Kaunihera, he tohutohu hōia, me te ture, te ratonga hauora, me pera i runga i. D. ngā te whakahaere o te plurality o ngā pūtau i roto i te whenua maha e whai mana motuhake ngā kaha i roto i te whakahaere.

Ko te rohe kī e te IG, kua wehea ki 37 Provinces (wae whakahaere).

opuaraa

Ko te taitamariki āhua rite te whakahaere kaiwhakatuma, tuwha nei i runga i te whenua ka kīia e tiketike rawa te Islamic State. kerēme ia ki aoniu i roto i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ao Ihirama. I roto i ona rarangi amui he maha tipu o te iwi tuwhena. He tino nanakia tikanga IG o te pakanga.

Kāti te mua atu o te whakahaere e taea anake lelei mo me mahi wā i te hapori ao.