History o whakahura o huaora me ratou ako

Kua riro te reira i runga i te rau tau mai i, rite huaora ngā i roto i te ora o te tata katoa i runga i te ao. Heoi, e mohio ana torutoru iwi e te katoa o 13 ngā o ngā matū e pera. E whakaaro ana te ētahi atu ki te hei o ratou faitatau anake. Ko te atu mōrearea hoki ki te tinana synthesize huaora? He aha te mea te hītori o te kitenga o huaora me ratou faufaa?

He aha e huaora?

Na, he aha he huaora? Hea Taketake hītori o te kitea o te huaora? He aha e hiahiatia e ratou mo te tonu te ora-tautoko?

Rerekē te warowaihā, waikawa amino, me te hamanga waikawa ngako, e kore e uara pūngao mō te tinana huaora, Heoi, whai wāhi ki te māori o pākia. Kei te kai te ara o whiwhi ratou ki te tinana, tāpiringa me te pāinaina. E whakamahia ratou ki haamou i te tāne i te kore o ngā kohuke whai hua ranei. Ratou mahi matua he: āwhina kolifermentam, te whai wāhitanga i roto i te whakataunga o te pākia e, te ārai i te putanga o Radicals iu.

kua whakaatu History o kitea o huaora e he rerekē i roto i to ratou hanganga matū enei matū. Ko, kāore, e taea e kore te hua ratou i te tinana i roto i te rahinga tika.

He aha te mea te tūranga o te huaora

He ahurei katoa huaora, a e kore e taea ki te kitea i te whakakapinga. faataa mea katoa te he huinga motuhake o ngā āhuatanga e he ahurei ki tetahi motuhake tangohia te taonga. Na reira, ki te wheako i te tinana he kaimahi o te huaora, i reira he nunu'a kitea: huaora hē, disorders pūkoro tinana, mate.

Na reira, ko te mea nui ki te whakatika i, kai tōtika whānui, me te taonga, tae atu i roto i to koutou kai i runga i te rā i te iti rawa i te iti o ngā hua taonga ki ngā āhuatanga wahi whai hua.

Hei tauira, huaora, no ki te rōpū B, pā te mahi tika o te pūnaha io, tautoko te mahi o te pūnaha ārai mate, te āwhina i te tinana i roto i te wā ki te whakakapi me te whakahou i te pūtau.

Otiia e kore e wehi, ki te kite koutou i te mea tonu o te huaora kai koutou e kore te mea nui. wheako nuinga o te iwi hou ratou takarepa. Ki te hanga ake mo te toenga tika, ko te kore anake ki te kai, engari ano hoki ki te tono huaora matatini.

Me pēhea e tae mai te iwi ki te huaora

A feruri na, i mua i te mutunga o te rau tau 19, e kore e maha iwi e ara mōhio o te mea pēnei i huaora. e kore e tukua e ratou noa i te kore o ngā matūkai, engari ano tino mate, me te maha mate. Kia pehea te i te kitea o te huaora? tamata poto ki te korero ki e pā ana ki te mahi o kaiwhakaako, ratou tirohanga me ngā āhuatanga i roto i tenei rohe.

Ko te tino noa mate wā "dovitaminnyh" ko:

• "Beriberi" - he mate i pā ki noho o Tonga-Te Tai Rāwhiti, Tonga Asia, te wahi kua te puna mana matua kua oro, raihi tukatuka.
• Papaka - kī he mate te ora o nga mano o kaumoana.
• Kōiwi, i tukua i mua i kore noa tamariki engari ano hoki ngā pakeke.

Iwi mate e hapu katoa, kihai i nga kaipuke hoki mai i kaukau no o te mate o nga mema o katoa tāngata.

tonu tenei tae noa ki 1880. Tae noa ki taua wā rite N. I. Lunin haere mai ki te mutunga e roto i maha kai i roto i tona hanganga, he taonga faufaa ki te tangata. Ano, he mahuinga ia enei matū.

Papaka - he mate o kaumoana onamata

History o kitea o huaora maha meka tohu i te mate o milioni o tara kei. ko papaka take o te mate. Ahakoa te mate ko tetahi o te nanakia tino me whakamate. No tetahi e kore i taea e ara whakaaro e te kaiwero - te kai he, me te kore o te huaora C.

E ai ki hītori hi'oraa maitai, papaka anake hoki te wa o ngā āhuatanga matawhenua kī i runga i te miriona kaumoana. Ka taea e te tauira angamaheni e huaina he ope ki India, i puritia i raro i te mātakitaki o Vasco de Gama: te nuinga o te mate, ka mate i te mau melo o te tāngata 160.

J. Cook Ko te haere tuatahi, i hoki mai ki te wahi ano o te kapa i haere atu i te marina. He aha e kore e waiho i raro i te mau melo o te kaumoana ki o iwi maha te whakarau? Kua meinga J. Cook ki ratou raa ia o te sauerkraut. aru ia te tauira o Dzheymsa Linda.

Tīmata i 1795, hua otaota, rēmana, karaka, me te tahi atu hua citrus (puna o te huaora C), kua riro te wāhanga whakahauanga o "kete kai" o kaumoana.

Na roto i te haere mai te parau mau empirically

e mohio ana torutoru iwi he aha te ngaro pupuri te hītori o te kitea o te huaora. Poto e taea tatou te mea tenei: e ngana ana ki te kitea te ara ki te ora, pūtaiao, Kāre kaiwhakaako i runga i te tangata. Ka hari kotahi: i ratou kinokore nui, engari e kore e ngākau atawhai i roto i ngā o te morare hou me matatika.

ka ngā i runga i te tangata rongonui i roto i te 1747 i te tākuta Kotimana George. Lind.

Ko tenei kihai ia i haere mai o ratou ake tonu. I takoha ia huru: i runga i te kaipuke i runga i i mahi ai ia, he mate uruta o papaka. E ngana ana ki te kitea te ara i roto i o tenei āhuatanga, whiriwhiria Lind kaipuke mate e rua tekau mā, wehewehe ratou ki te maha ngā rōpū. kawea maimoatanga i roto i runga i te pūtake o tenei wehenga. Ko te rōpū tuatahi tahi ki paraoa whangai cider tikanga, tuarua - vairaa pape tuatoru - winika, tuawha - citrus. Ko te rōpū whakamutunga - i te tetahi anake nei ora i roto i o te 20 iwi katoa.

Heoi, e kore i patunga tangata i roto i te noa. Kua Nā ki te hua whakaputaina o te whakamātau (te pukapuka "Te maimoatanga o te papaka") kua kï ki te haamou i te uara o te citrus papaka.

Ko te putanga o te wā

History o kitea o huaora parau poto e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te wā "huaora".

Kei te whakapono te reira e tupuna ko C. Funk, ua itehia huaora B1 i roto i te puka, tioata. I muri i te katoa, ko reira ia te tangata e hoatu ana e ia te ingoa o te vitamine tarukino.

huringa tukapaku muri i roto i te parae o "huaora" riro kua te ariā o D. Drummond, amo e he reira tika ki te karanga i te kupu micronutrients katoa kei roto i te pukapuka "e". Te whakamārama i te reira e te meka e kore katoa o ratou waikawa Amen roto i.

Rite riro vitamayny ritenga ingoa "huaora" mo tatou. Kei a ia ko nga kupu Latin e rua: "vita" me "Amine". Ko te tikanga tuatahi "te ora", me te tuarua ngā te ingoa o te rōpū amino o pūhui nitrogenous.

Te whakamahi tonu ngā te kupu "huaora" i anake i roto i te tau 1912. Mooni, te auraa "te taonga e hiahiatia ana mō te ora."

History o kitea o huaora: Pūtake

ka Nikolai Lunin tetahi o te iwi tuatahi ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te tūranga o ngā matū i takea mai i te kai. Te hapori pūtaiao tangohia o te wa kua te whakapae o te tākuta Russian te fariiraa kino, kihai i tangohia e ia tino.

Heoi, ko te meka o te hiahia mo te tetahi ahua o te kohuke pūhui tuatahi kitea e mea ke atu i Lunin. Ko te kitenga o huaora me ratou indispensability ētahi atu matū tāutuhia ia empirically (i huaora kahore nei i tawhitotia o ratou ingoa hou). ko nga kiore whakamātautau. Ētahi kai arā, o te waiu tūturu, me etahi atu - i hanga o horihori (kai miraka: ngako, te huka, te tote, casein). Animals no ki te rōpū tuarua, kitea rawatia ake hinga mate a mate.

I runga i tenei NI Ua faaoti Lunin e "... i roto i te waiu, i roto i te tua ki te casein, ngako, reihuka me tai i roto tonu atu matū faufaa mō te kai tōtika."

whakaarahia te kaupapa biochemist University o Tartu, hiahia KA Sosina. whakahaere ia ngā ka haere mai ki te mutunga ōrite ki Nikolai Ivanovich.

kitea muri Lunin ariā, te haamauraa, me te whanaketanga atu i roto i nga mahi o pükenga ke, me te kāinga.

Whāki o nga take mo te mate "beriberi"

hītori atu o te parau haapiiraa o te huaora ki tonu i te mahi o te tākuta Japanese Takaki. I roto i te 1884, ka korero ia e pā ana ki te mate plaguing Japanese noho "beriberi." Ko te takenga mai o te mate kua kitea i runga i te tau. I roto i te 1897, mutu Irish rata Christiaan Eijkman e, orooro raihi, te faaere iwi ratou o ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana, e he wahi o nga paparanga o runga o purapura kāore.

I muri i te 40 tau te roa o (i roto i te 1936) i synthesized reira thiamine kaimahi e meinga "beriberi." Haunga, he aha te mea "Huaorapini" pūtaiao hoki i kore te haere mai tonu. timata History o te kitea o te huaora B ki te tuku o te purapura raihi, "Amine ora" (ranei vitamine te kore vitamayn). ¶ Na i roto i te 1911-1912. I roto i te wā i 1920 ki te 1934, kua whakapae pūtaiao tona tātai matū me huaina "Aneirin".

Opening o huaora A, H

Ki te whakaaro tatou he kaupapa pērā i te hītori o te kitea o te huaora, ka kite koe e kua te ako kua puhoi, engari on.

Hei tauira, huaora hē, me te reira ako i roto i te taipitopito anake i te rau tau 19. Stepp (Stepp) whakakitea tupu akiaki, i te mea he wahi o te ngako. tupu tenei i roto i te 1909. Na kua i roto i te tau 1913, motuhia atu Mac me Dennis Koller "A tauwehe", tau i muri mai (1916) i whakaingoatia reira te "A huaora".

Ko te ako o Huaora H i tīmata i roto i 1901, ka whakakitea Uilders he taonga e whakatairanga te tupu o te rewena. whakaekea ia ki te hoatu ki a ia te taitara o "BIOS". I te tau 1927 ka tīpakohia e ia ovidin i huaina "Factor X", "H huaora" ranei. Tenei huaora inhibits te mahi o te taonga i roto i roto i te tahi mau hua. I roto i te 1935, i ö te Huaoraate i poutuki hua toene (Kegl).

Vitamins C ko E

I muri te whakamātautau i runga i kaumoana Linda i te rau tau e kore tetahi whakaaro e pā ana ki te take he aha riro kino ki te papaka te tangata. Kua atu whakawhanakehia History o ahua o huaora, engari te hītori o te ako o ratou tūranga kua anake i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19. vv kitea Pashutin e puta mate heramana e tika ana ki te kore o etahi matū kai. I roto i te 1912, e tika ana ki puritia i runga i ngā wheako kai hereni i poaka, ako Holst ko Frolich e ārai te ahua o te taonga papaka e i muri i te 7 tau mohiotia ka rite huaora C. 1928 tohua te tupuranga o tona tātai matū, i synthesized te hua waikawa ascorbic.

Huaora E te tūranga, me te hiranga tīmata ki te ako i te hou. Ahakoa whai reira he wāhi tino hira i roto i te tukanga whakaputa uri. Ko te ako o tenei meka timata anake i roto i te tau 1922, experimentally kitea e ka i waho te kai o te kiore whakamātautau ngako, ka mate te ira i roto i te kopu. Tenei kitea hanga Evans. Ko te taero mohiotia tuatahi no ki te rōpū o te huaora E ko ekstraktsinirovany o te pata pini tupu. Kua oti te ingoa te tarukino ārepa me te tocopherol peta, puta tenei hui i roto i te 1936. E rua tau i muri mai, tū Carrer tona biosynthesis.

Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te huaora B

I te tau 1913 ko te timatanga o te ako o te Huapuhuikowhai me te waikawa nicotinic. Ko tohua e te whakatuwheratanga o Osborne ko Mendel, e whakamatauria e kei waiu he taonga e whakatairanga te tupu o te kararehe i tēnei tau. I roto i te 1938 te tātai o te taonga, e hāngai ana i runga i nei i i kitea ai te kōtuitanga hua. Ko te kupu i kitea ai, ka synthesized lactochrome inaianei Huapuhuikowhai, mohiotia hoki rite huaora B2.

i tawhiti waikawa Nicotinic Funk pata raihi. Heoi, i roto i tenei ako reira, ka mutu. Antipellagrichesky take anake, i muri i huaina nicotinic waikawa (huaora B3) whakatuwheratia i roto i te tau 1926.

tawhiti Huaora B9 i rite te hautanga o te kōkihi rau i roto i te 30raa me Mitchell Snell. pakanga ki raro i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao i te kitea o te huaora. Poto e taea te āhuatanga ako atu o te huaora B9 (waikawa folic) rite tere whakawhanake. i muri tonu i te pakanga (i roto i te tau 1945), kawea ona kōtuitanga i roto i. puta tenei i muri i wehe i te rewena me te ate waikawa pteroylglutamic.

I te tau 1933 ka deciphered reira te hanganga matū o te waikawa pantothenic (huaora B5). A i roto i te 1935 i whawhati i ta nga whakatau e Goldberg i te pūtake o te pellagra i roto i kiore. Huri i te reira i roto i e whakatika te mate i te ngaro o te pirodoksin, huaora B6 ranei.

Te huaora hou tīpakohia i te rōpū B ko te cobalamin, huaora B12 ranei. Extraction tauwehe antianemic o ate puta anake i roto i te 1948.

Trial me te hapa: ko te kitea o te huaora D

i tohua History o te kitea o te huaora D i te whakangaromanga o ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao mua-tīariari. i tamata Elmer Makkolum ki te whakamārama i roto i tona ake i tuhituhi ai e pā ana ki te huaora A. E ngana ana ki te turaki i te whakatau tae e te tākuta Edward Mellanby, whakahaere ia he whakamātau i runga i kuri. Ki te kōiwi kararehe i hoatu e ia te hinu ika, i nei i mukua reira huaora A. tona ngaro kihai i pā i te ora o mōkai - kua whakaorangia tonu ratou.

Ka taea te whiwhi Huaora D i kai kore anake, engari ano hoki whakawhetai ki hihi o te ra. whakamatauria reira AF Hess i 1923.

I roto i te taua tau, i te timatanga o te kai fatty haamaitairaa calciferol tāwhaiwhai. mahi irradiation hihi katinga te i roto i te US i teie mahana.

Ko te uara o Kazimira Funka i te huaora ako

I muri i te whākinga o nga āhuatanga e arai te putanga o te mate "beriberi", aru e te ako o huaora. E kore e te tūranga iti rawa i roto i tenei takaro e Casimir Funk. kī te hītori o te ako o te huaora i hanga e ia te faaineineraa arā, o te ranunga o ngā matū wai-wairewa o te natura matū rerekē, engari rite i roto i te aroaro o te hauota reira.

kite Nā Funk te marama o te wā pūtaiao rite beriberi. e kore ia i kawea mai anake ia, a ka kitea huarahi ki te hinga i te reira, me mau faaararaa. haere mai ia ki te mutunga e huaora ko te wahi o te tahi mau whākōkī, e whai wāhi ana ki māmā ratou absorption. ko Funk i roto i te tuatahi ki te whakawhanake i te pūnaha tika, kai potupotutatau, te tauwhāiti te whakaritenga o ia rā o huaora faufaa.

hanga Casimir Funk etahi analogues matū o huaora roto i roto i ngā hua tūturu. Ko tenei te nakawhiti o iwi enei analogues Akakoa. Neke atu i te hawhe o te rau tau mua kua nui haere te maha o te mate pukupuku, mate pāwera, Cardiovascular me ētahi atu mate. Tahi mau aivanaa take mo te horapa tere o kitea i roto i te whakamahi o te huaora waihanga enei mate.