Horahia Tari Moss: āhuatanga o te hanganga me te mahi, tohu, kai tōtika, te whakaputa uri, ngā āhuatanga whānui, me te faufaa. Māngai o te Tari o te horapa Moss

horahia Tari huaina hoki Moss talingelingá pono me bryophytes. momo katoa o ngā pā ana ki 700 puninga, wāhanga, i roto i te tahuri, e pā ana ki 120 hapu.

Tari horapa whānau Moss: āhuatanga whānui

Māngai o te tari - ko reira te nuinga e kore e neke atu i te 50 mm i roto i te roa otaota iti. Ko te okotahi anake he talingelingá wai, e taea tae te roa o 50 cm, me epiphytes, e he noa roa.

e pā ana Tari ki te taxon tipu teitei. He pā ana ki 25 mano momo pūkohu te utuafare.

I mua i tenei tari anake talingelingá, te wa hoki antotserotovye marchantiophyta me talingelingá. Heoi, i te kau, enei taxa he tari motuhake. E mea pinepine, e korero e pā ana ki te huinga o ngā huanga o enei tari e toru, kua haere ki te whakamahi o ōpaki bryophytes wā ngā (Bryophytes).

Plants Tari, me te tahi atu māngai o te bryophytes, kua etahi āhuatanga e pā ana ki te huringa ora: ko te predominance o te gametophyte haploid o te sporophyte diploid.

kōrero

Āhuatanga tari horapa Moss fakamo'oni'i e haere mai talingelingá, me te tahi atu spore, i roto i ngā whanaketanga i psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), i te mea he tawhito tipu whenua ngaro. whakaaro Sporophyte o talingelingá ko te hua whakamutunga o te tukanga o te whakaiti o sporophytes branched matua.

Ko reira ko tetahi whakapae e fokotu'u mai e talingelingá ki lycopsids me Rhyniophyta tipu i te noa atu tawhito rōpū o ngā tipu. Ko te tuatahi kite Paleontological rā i te mutunga o te Devonian - wawe Carboniferous.

whakaahuatanga koiora

Kei te āhuatanga i te utuafare pūkohu e te meka e kore ona māngai e whai puawai, pakiaka, pūnaha iaia. E āhuatanga ratou e pua uri, e maoa haere i roto i te sporangia sporophyte.

Matua i roto i te huringa gametophyte ora haploid ko te tipu matomato te koiora, maha he protuberances rau-taha, me protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu rōpū o te tipu teitei, māngai o te whānau Moss i te hanganga ohie. I roto i te nuinga o ngā momo e whai he kakau me rau, i reira te mea he tokoiti e he pikopiko me te rau tuawhiti.

Otiia e kore e mau nga rau, me te kakau o talingelingá, i runga i to ratou reo i huaina kaulidii pūtaiao me Phyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, kei runga i te kakau i roto i te tōrino. E ratou he paraharaha katoa. E kore te mea te puna i roto i te wā katoa

E Sporophyte kahore kaha ki te tango i pakiaka, a ko reira tika i runga i te gametophyte. kanohi Sporophyte e toru wāhanga: capsule (pānepata), me te whakawhanake i pua i roto i reira; huha (sporophores) i runga i nei te pouaka; mutu whakarato ngā whaiaroaro ki gametophyte.

I roto i te talingelingá i reira e he maha o ngā āhuatanga e te wehe ratou i otaota katoa teitei. Tenei kore o pakiaka, utua nei e te aroaro o te tokomaha nui o rhizoids. Ki te to ratou awhina, kua piri te whakato, ka ki te tïpako me whakarato hoki te absorption te kanohi o te makuku. Fele, kawea te tukanga absorption wai i roto i roto i te wahi o raro o te tipu.

He whakawhenumi, conductive, taonga me te papanga hipoki. Otiia mossy kahore iaia tūturu me kopa pūkaha, mea otaota katoa teitei reira.

Ko te rohe o te tohatoha

No te mea o ona talingelingá unpretentiousness horahia i runga i fenua katoa, ara Antarctica, a maha tupu i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino.

Ko te tikanga, Kiwa tupu kūtai mātotoru. Kauruku wahi, maha i roto i te tata ki te awa ki, ko te taiao pai mo pūkohu. Engari ka taea e tupu i roto i ngā wāhi tuwhera, me te maroke.

Moss whānau ngā taua momo e ora i roto i roto wai māori. Ko te ora moana e kore te mea i roto ia ratou, ahakoa i reira e rave rahi momo moe i runga i te toka i roto i te Unuhia takutai.

Tari horapa Moss: uara

I roto i te mohoao:

• He rōpū ki te hanga biocenosis motuhake, rawa te wahi i taupokina te te whenua tata rawa (Tundra);
• uhi pūkohu piki me mau te rauemi iraruke;
• kaha ki te takanga mai me te pupuri nui o take makuku whai wāhi i roto i te ture o te toenga wai o whenua.

Ko te mahi o te iwi:

• whai wāhi ki te whakamoomona o te oneone, na te raro te tōtika o te whenua ahuwhenua;
• whakamana te tukanga translation te wai engaenga kākahu ki te raro, e tiaki te oneone ki te waikura;
• etahi momo o sphagnum pūkohu whakamahia i roto i rongoā rite dressings;
• talingelingá sphagnum Ko te pūtake o te Peat hanganga.

whakarōpū

Signs o te tari horahia Moss, ahakoa tona Whānui, ano tukua ki a matou whakarōpū māngai o te tari mo te torutoru rōpū taratahi.

Ko te rōpū nui rawa o ngā tipu no ki te tari - te piha haapiiraa o tūturu (talingelingá pururu). Kei roto te reira i te subclasses o matomato pūkohu sphagnum me Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Kaiao mō talingelingá ko te oneone, rākau, toka me tuanui, engari tupu pai i roto i ngahere hou, e hanga i te whāriki tonu.

Ēnei tipu ngā i roto i te whānau Moss, he tika tini. Ka taea e te māngai tino angamaheni karanga Kukushkin harakeke. Kakau e whakaara reira kahore branched, Inia hipoki ki o ratou rau rārangi-lanceolate kuiti. Hanganga me te archegonium antheridium hanga tihi o te kakau takitahi te nuinga o te tipu tata. I roto i te antheridia i hanga te dvuhzhgutikovyh spermatozoa i roto i te archegonia - kotahi hua manu whakaritea.

I roto i te horopaki o te moni nui o te wai (ua he tomairangi taimaha ranei) tīmata kikiritanga. hiahiatia Water te rite ki te kauhoe i roto i te reira archegonium te parāoa. A, no te mea kua hanga e te whakatō kākano, i tona timatanga ki te whakawhanake sporophyte. Te reira i roto i iho ko kore taea, me te otaota katoa no ki te whānau Moss. sporophyte Power i te utu o te gametophyte wahine.

Capsule sporogony Kei roto pānepata. He ko te hanganga o pua haploid. A, no te pakeke, te pua whiwhi nui moe. Ratou pani hau. Ki te he pai tikanga, nga pua whakarau me te hoatu ara protonema he puka branched te kakawaea matomato.

talingelingá sphagnum

talingelingá sphagnum (350 ngā momo) ko tetahi atu rōpū o ngā tipu e hanga ake te piha haapiiraa o te pūkohu tūturu, Moss te utuafare. āhuatanga General me faufaa o enei talingelingá ko te maha o ngā āhuatanga. Sphagnum - Ko anake te iwi o tenei sublcass tenei.

E āhuatanga ratou i te ngaro o rhizoids, no te mea o e puta tika te rere o te wai ki ngā kohuke rewa ki te pūtau o te rau me te kakau. I runga i te kakau o te gametophyte he tōrino te o manga, i, i roto i te tahuri, kua whakaritea rau. Ua riro raua na te putanga kei i runga i te tihi o te tuaka matua.

I roto i te rau o te sphagnum pūkohu kahore karawhā. I roto i enei momo e rua o ngā pūtau: ora - i awhitia (roa, me te kuiti, me chloroplasts) me te mate (kahore protoplasm, matotoru i runga i te taiepa i kōputaputa). vai te momo tuarua o pūtau i roto i te kakau. kikokiko taua hanganga o te kakau me te rau sphagnum taea ki te takanga mai i te reira, ka mau i te nui o te wai e kia nui tona taimaha te taimaha o te tipu 30 wa. Ko reira te mea o tenei, te oneone i roto i nei tupu āta e talingelingá sphagnum ite wai te taikaha me te repo.

Na kanorau Ko te whānau Moss. Reproduction he pūkohu sphagnum angamaheni, me anake te rerekētanga i te tahi atu mau melo o te tari, a taea te hanga e taua antheridia archegonium i runga i te motuhake pātata kore anake, engari i runga i te tipu kotahi.

Ko āhuatanga sphagnum pūkohu i tamau hanga-ake o te matamata kakau me te pakoko haere o te raro. Otiia e kore e o te pirau mate rawa, no te mea kei oneone waterlogged iti hāora, i te mea faufaa mo te whanaketanga o microorganisms oneone e mahi ana i te whāwehe o te tipu toenga.

I muri o te wa i te wā roa whakaemi nui o ngā matū waro i roto i te puka o te Peat. Peat hanganga - ko te tino puhoi te tukanga: e pā ana ki te 1 cm i roto i te 10 tau ki te 1 m - mo te mano tau.

Andreeva talingelingá

Green me sphagnum Kiwa - te rōpū tino maha o te maha o ngā momo o tipu e hanga ake te whānau Moss. āhuatanga General me te faufaa o te tahi atu rōpū, i roto i te i te noa'tu o ona tau iti, tukua ki te tohatoha i te reira i roto i te kōwae taxonomic motuhake. Sublcass Andreeva talingelingá fakafofonga'i e kotahi whānau me kotahi ahua Andrea. I roto i te tuari - he rohe āhua me te matao o tuakoi e rua. Tupu i roto i ngā wāhi maunga i runga i te kamaka, me nga kohatu.

tīmata Gametophyte ki te whakawhanake noa i roto i te tautohe. Tuatahi, timata ngā pūtau ki wehe, a ka whati i te tautohetohe anga. I roto i te kotahi-apa rau pūtau ōrite. Ko te rau tupu runga roa, hanga he makawe hygroscopic. Ko te kakau he paihere iaia.

aroaro Sporogonia he pouaka me haustoria. Pouaka e kore taupoki. A, no te hangai o pua ki te waho i roto i te āputa 4 kei waenganui i te paki.

Ko te kupu, he rōpū nui o teitei tipu spore i roto i te maha ki te puawai tuarua anake - he horapa Moss whānau whānui. Āhuatanga o te hanganga me te mahi o enei māngai o te rangatiratanga o te tipu tukua ki a tatou karanga ratou amphibians, rite ahu ratou ki te ora i runga i te whenua (anake talingelingá moana), a taea tini anake i roto i te aroaro o te wai.