Huarahi Mō formational ki hītori

Na he pūtaiao mua, i reira e rua huarahi matua ki te ako o te hītori - te hanganga, me te ao. He rua huapai me ngā huakore ia o ratou.

Ki te timatanga o perestroika huarahi formational ki te hītori e hāngai ana i runga i te rapunga whakaaro Marxist, ka anga ahau ki te kia whakakapia i te kura o huarahi ritenga, ahakoa te meka e te tokomaha nui o drawbacks te muri kua. tahuri te reira i roto i whakahē i te torutoru rawa mahi o ngā hītori te huarahi hanganga. Ko hoki te periodization o hītori, me te whakahounga o te huarahi ki te hītori i whānui.

huarahi Formational ki hītori ko te aronga o ture whānui o te tukanga hītori. Hei tauira - huringa auau o te hapori - hanganga ōhanga, te pānga o pāpori - ngā āhuatanga ohaoha i roto i te ahurea o te iwi, ratou whakaaro. "Whakatau Gen. mahara."

I whakawhanakehia huarahi Formational ki te ako o te hītori e Karl Marx me Frederick Engels. A, no te e wehea te huarahi hanganga o te kāwanatanga ki ngā momo, i runga i te pāpori anö rānei - whanaunga ohaoha, me te ki runga aha piha kaha i tenei wā. Na tu āhua pononga, feudal, capitalist me te hapori. Ko te momo o te kāwanatanga muri i anake i roto i te ariā. Fakalakalaka peak - he Communism , me te taonga tūmatanui. Ko te toenga o nga momo o āhua, i tangohia Marx me Engels i te pūtake o te hītori. Te huri i ngā puta i roto i te revolution pāpori. Kei te tino whakahē ana te wāhi whakamutunga. Ahakoa tenei faaino kua etahi kaiaka, he uaua te reira ki te whakakahore e i roto i te hītori o te huringa o ngā, te nuinga puta i roto i revolution.
O te akoranga te huarahi hanganga, tika rite ki tetahi atu, he maha drawbacks - ko reira ture absolutisation nui o te tukanga hītori, kahore tango ki pūkete tikanga raima hītori, me te kore o te whakarongo ki te tuakiri tangata, me tona mana ki runga ki hītori. Ko ahakoa tenei katoa, tonu huarahi hanganga te tino whakawhanakehia me whakatikaia. Na reira, kia tono ia nga kura ka kia hanga ra ano atu ariā matatau, e tango nei ki pūkete nga tōnounou me huarahi formational me civilizational.