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ICE (pūkaha ā ngingiha): āhuatanga whānui, momo

whakamahia te roha waiariki o te hau i teie mahana i roto i maha whakaaro. Tenei engines turbojet, me engines diesel, carburetors me ... Ka taea e wae Heat kia o rua nga momo:

  • pūkaha ngingiha waho;
  • ICE (pūkaha parariraa ā).

whakaaro tatou i roto i te taipitopito i te pūrere momo tuarua.

āhuatanga General

I roto i te nuinga o waka i tenei ra, e tāuta taua pūrere, ai te parau tumu pūkaha ngingiha ā-tā te wehenga o te wera, me te tahuri i te reira ki te mahi hangarau. whakamana ana tēnei tukanga i roto i te ipurau.

E ngā nga taatou tino pai displacement me motors.
Ka taea te whakamahi ratou mo te wa roa, me te whai i te rahi ngā iti me te taimaha. Ko te drawback ki enei ko te kaupapa o te kōkeke, i puta i roto i te reciprocating ki te whai wāhitanga o te huarahi ratchet, i runga i te ringa kotahi, hanga uaua atu te mahi tikanga, engari ki runga ki te tahi atu - ko te rohe ki te whakapiki ake i te tere. Ko te kino tata kite ina āhuatanga nekeneke nui.

Creation, te whanaketanga, me te, i roto i te whānui, i te mahi o te pūkaha ngingiha ā, o te akoranga, e hāngai ana i runga i te pānga o te roha waiariki, te mahi ai hau wera te mahi whai hua. Ka rite ki te hua, te pēhanga parariraa i roto i te rango koimutu hūpeke ki runga, me nga nekehanga kōkeke. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi kaha, whakamana nei te ka tenei te roha waiariki rite whakamahia i roto i engines ngingiha ā, me te tahi atu hangarau.

Ki whai hua pūngao pūkaha te whakamana tonu, te ruma ngingiha me ranunga rangi-wahie whakakiia, kia e pei te kōkeke te kawau hake, me te whakamutunga - wira.

Te nuinga waka i tenei ra e wha-patunga, a kua tahuri tata rawa te pūngao i roto i a ratou ki whai hua.

He hītori iti

I hanga te tikanga tuatahi o tenei momo i roto i te tau 1860 e te mataaro pūkaha Wīwī, me te rua tau i muri mai whakaarohia reira Motu ki te whakamahi i te-huringa wha, te wahi mahi o te pūkaha ngingiha ā ngā te momi, kōpeketanga, parariraa me te roha, me whakapau.

I roto i te 1878, mea whakaaro chetyrehtaktnik ahupūngao Tiamana te tuatahi, te tōtika o i tae 22%, e te nuinga nui nga āhuatanga o mua katoa.

ka anga taua nekeneke ki te tiki tohatoha whānui i roto i te ao rerekē o te ora. I teie mahana te whakamahia te reira i roto i waka, mīhini ahuwhenua, kaipuke, locomotives, manureva, tipu te mana, me te pera i runga i.

Huapai me ngā huakore

Te nuinga faataa e te angitu o te āhuatanga mahi takoto i roto i te pai, compactness me te urutau pai. I tua atu, e taea ki te rere i roto i te mau huru tino noa te pūkaha ko, na tere nohonga me tae te kawenga tonu. Hoki taua waka ko reira harakteristkah nui rite te taipana braking nui.

taea ki te mahi i runga i kora rerekē, i penehīni ki te hinu whakawera kōhua pūkaha ngingiha (pūkaha) he.

Heoi, enei engines i te maha o huakore, i roto i nei ko te iti aravihi, he rota o te haruru, he hurihanga kawau hake rawa noa i roto i te tīmatanga-ake, te paku ki te hono ki nga wira puku, te tāoke, reciprocates te kōkeke.

whare

Ko te whare ko te hoahoa matarohia arā, o te rango, o ratou mahunga, a i roto i te take o te afa wahi o raro o te crankcase, me te anga tefito ki te tapo'io te. tupu te reira i hoahoa monoblock. Taua momo o fakanatula titau te huarahi rerekē ki te hanga.

Elements o te whare pūkaha ko te pūtake, te wahi e eke wahi wā me te ratchet tikanga, ngā pūnaha tautauā, te mana supply, whakahinuhinu, me te pera i runga i.

whakarōpū

Ko te whakamahia tino whānui engines ā ngingiha (pūkaha parariraa ā), puta ai te tukanga i roto i te ipurau ratou. Ko taea te whakarōpūtia motors me ētahi atu ngā āhuatanga.

Na roto i te tikanga o te huringa whakahaere, he ratou:

  • e rua-patunga;
  • wha-patunga.

Ka rite ki te tikanga o te hanga i te ranunga ki pūkaha ngingiha ā-ko:

  • ki te puka waho (hau me te Carburetor);
  • pūkaha ki hanganga ranunga ā-(diesel).

I roto i te tikanga o te tautauā:

  • wai;
  • rangi.

Ko nga ipurau:

  • puoto kotahi;
  • e rua-puoto;
  • maha-puoto.

Na roto i te wāhi:

  • rarangi (poutū matahao ranei);
  • V-āhua.

Mā te whakakī i te puoto rangi:

  • hā;
  • supercharged.

E ai ki te tere pūkaha ngingiha ā-(te pūkaha) ko:

  • iti-tere;
  • auau tiketike;
  • speedboat.

E ai ki te wahie whakamahia:

  • -Wahie maha;
  • hau;
  • diesel;
  • kōhinu.

E ai ki te tohu o te kōpeketanga :

  • tiketike;
  • iti.

Na roto i te whakarite:

  • autotractor;
  • Aviation;
  • pahoho;
  • kaipuke a na i runga i.


mana

Kei te tikanga Power tatau wae ara i roto i te horsepower.
tapa tenei wā i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau tekau ma waru English ihi nei titiro whakamau nga hoiho toia te kete ki waro i te maina. Na roto i te ine i te taimaha o te kawenga me te teitei ki nei e whakaarahia ana, D. Watt tātai te nui i taea e te hoiho wahia waro ia meneti ki te hohonu etahi. I muri mai te ingoa kōwae tenei i mohiotia e te wā "horsepower" katoa. I muri i te Pūnaha International o Units (SI), whāngai HP i roto i 1960 riro ia te wae pŭpŭ tauturu e te mea rite ki te 736 Watts.

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