Ilia Chavchavadze: ngā meka haurongo

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - kaituhi Hōriana, rohi pehe, rangatira, toa o te mana arii, me te motuhake motu. I te tau 1987 i toputapu ia e te Ekalesia Siu. I roto i tenei take, i huaina ai e te Ilia Tapu te tika. I te timatanga o te rau tau 20 i whakaaro ai te ahua Hōriana Chavchavadze tino rongonui motu. Ka tapae tēnei tuhinga tona haurongo poto. Kia tīmata a.

Ilia Chavchavadze: tōrangapū

Ko te hero o tenei tuhinga riro mātauranga ture i St Petersburg University. Otiia i ia e tika ana ki te "ākonga o hītori" i roto i te 1861 ki te haere atu i te kura ki te tangata taitamariki.

I te timatanga o 1864 Ilia Chavchavadze i whakaritea kaiāwhina ki te Kawana-Tianara, a haere ana i runga i te misioni ki Kutaisi kawanatanga. Ko te rangatira ki te whakatau i te huru o te peasants me nga kaiwhakarēti.

Ko te tau e whā i muri korero Chavchavadze te rongo takawaenga i roto i te kawanatanga Tiflis. mahi ano ia kia rite ki te whakawa i roto i tenei mataeinaa tae noa 1874. I tua atu, Iraia arahina te horapa o te reo matatini i roto i te hapori te taupori o Georgia. I roto i te 1906, i pōtitia te rohi pehe he mema o te State Kaunihera o te rangatira. Puta noa i tona mahi tōrangapū whawhai mo te mana motuhake o Georgia. I roto i tenei whakaaro ki te rangatira mahi kia rite ki te mau melo o te RSDLP, me nga mana o te Russian Empire.

patu

I te mutunga o August 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, nei mahi ka e whakaahuatia i raro nei, ka haere ki tana wahine Olga. Malí eke i roto i te hariata tuwhera i Tbilisi ki Saguramo. Tata ratou ropu mutu Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). melo tata'itahi o te rōpū i patu. tahuri Chavchavadze ki te rōpū: ". Kaua e kopere, ahau Ilya" ka mea Gigla: "Ko te aha e takoha tatou ki te whakatuwhera i te ahi." I muri i taua, i reira ko te reo o te pere.

Vakhtang Giruli i roto i tona pukapuka faahitihia te whakaaro o tetahi o nga kaiwhakaako rahi o te wa i huaina Iashvili. Muri noa ahakoa kihai i ia he kairangahau mate, me te pūtaiao whare whakawā, engari whakahē nga raraunga o te mahi whakatuwheratanga mōhiohio. E ai ki koperea Iashvili i kihai i hanga e ia i roto i te mua, a muri. Ko, whakatuwheratia i te pehipehi tuarua, kihai i nei ara mohio te rōpū Berbichashvili te ahi.

rerenga kōrero

Te nuinga o te iwi e whakapono e kore kua kitea e Chavchavadze kohuru rawa. i tika ai ngā mema o te rōpū Berbichashvili i te āhua rawakore o ratou ake patu, ka kī i te marae e "haere te reira atu i tahaki." Kua whakakahore ano ratou te aroaro o te kiritaki. ka ui te pouaru o te pehe te marae ki te whakaora i te ora o nga kaipahua, a ko te kupu whakahonore i te mahara o tana tahu. Ko, i te whakatau o "te nohoanga whakawa o Stolypin", te rōpū (anake mawhiti Imeretia) i mahi i.

putanga

I tēnei wā, etahi kaituhi kore e mōhio ki te reo, me te hītori Hōriana nei, kia rite ki a Prince Kaahu Bolshevik (Russian). Hei tauira, kia rite ki a Ahorangi Anna Geifman, ahu Ilia Chavchavadze arahina Nationalists te pakanga ki te pāpori-Democrats. arahina te whakamutunga te Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Ko ia e kore e hari ki te faaino o te hōtaka i runga i te wahi o te rangatira. nui turakina tenei te tūnga tōrangapū o te mua. whakaaro Geifman Chavchavadze te take matua o te kohuru o tona rongonui nui rite te tangata me te kaituhituhi. whanau tenei katoa Anna me i te mahi tōrangapū o Ilya G. whakaaro e arahina atu ana e ia nga peasants i hapori tuwhena.

I roto i te meka e kore he pono tenei. Ki te mohio te ahorangi te hītori o Georgia, kua kore e hanga e ahau taua fakamulituku hape. Tuatahi, ko te Nationalists i te wa i huaina kaitautoko kore Chavchavadze me tona hoariri Nikoladze. Tuarua, kihai i nga Democrats Socialists faaite i runga i nga Mensheviks me nga mua. A toru, i haurokuroku te rōpū Ilya G. me kihai i riro te pōtitanga.

I reira etahi atu putanga. Hei tauira, whakaaro nga Democrats Social te kaiwhakahaere o te kohuru o te pirihimana ngaro. hanga te tumu o te rohi pehe tūranga anti-kāwanatanga, me tona pakanga mo te whakakāhoretanga o te mate.

hanga

1857 - i tēnei tau, ka timata ia ki te whakaputa i ana mahi Ilia Chavchavadze. Kua puta whiti o te rohi pehe i roto i ngā tānga: te niupepa "Droeba" moheni "Tsiskari", whakaturia e ia "Sakartvelos Moambe", me ētahi atu Ko te pehepehe tino rongonui o Prince:. "Mother ko Tama", "tikiti Fever," "Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel", "Wairua", "Ko te wāhanga i te ora o nga kaipahua" Hoki i tuhituhi Chavchavadze taua pūrākau rite "te tarawa", "kōrero Christmas", "kōrero ke", "haere Letters", "Kōrero o te rawakore,", "Katsia-Adamiani" me etahi atu.

I roto i te ora o Ilya G. whakamāoritia ki Russian e rave rahi o ana rotarota. Ko te whiti, i taea e te kaipānui Russian lau anake ki "tikiti Fever". E te ara, nga rotarota katoa i roto i tona ora Chavchavadze, iritihia ki Russian, i kohia i roto i te kohinga motuhake. Tuhaa no roto mai te reira i whakaputaina i roto i te "Bulletin o Europe", "Arotake Pictorial", me ētahi atu

Translations

whakamāoritia Ilya Chavchavadze ki te reo taketake o Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov ko Pushkin. ano hoki e ia i tenei i roto i te mahi tahi ki ētahi atu kaituhi. Hei tauira, me whakamaoritia Ivan Machabeli ki Georgian "Kingi Lear."

kaiwawao Public

Ilia Chavchavadze ko te internationalist. Hoki nga tau maha taukave◊i mãlohi aukatia e ia ki te taupori Armenian o Georgia. I te tahi taime i ia ki te tango i te tūpono mo te whakaaro ki o ratou iho oraraa. Otiia kite te rohi pehe piri Georgians iwi proletarian, me nga rangatira - te Vanguard hou. Ahakoa te meka e Chavchavadze Tbilisi ahu e te pēke whenua, ia no hoki ki nga proletarians ratou, waiata ratou ake auaha. Ano, whawhai Ilya G. te Armenian, Ossetian, Russian, Turkish, me ētahi atu bourgeoisie. I roto i te 1902 whakaputaina e ia tona tuhinga "Te kohatu glaring me pūtaiao Armenian" i roto i te iritiraa Russian. Kua mahia e ia te he rota o te haruru. I roto i te hononga ki tenei anti-hero o tenei tuhinga mahi rite kore anake te bourgeoisie Armenian, engari ano hoki i mahue-parirau Social Democrats.

Stalin e pā ana ki te rohi pehe

I roto i te tau 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, kua aroaro i runga nei haurongo, arahina te moheni "Iveria". I reira whakaputaina e ia e whitu ngā whiti o te punake Soso. tuhituhi Young Stalin i raro i tenei pseudonym ka ko ia i roto i te haapiiraa evanelia. i te mahi a Chavchavadze kua he mana nui ki runga ki te matenga o te Soviet Union heke mai. Stalin, ki etahi rahuitia, rawa, whakapono piri tana iwi te iwi proletarian. Tona tuhinga ko e pā ana ki te whakapakari i te pakanga piha rite te haerenga mai o te Communism, me te hapori horapa ki te katoa, engari Georgians. I roto i te uiuiraa i te kiriata kaiwhakahaere Michael Chaureliya, ka karanga Stalin Chavchavadze tetahi o nga kaituhi tino nui o te tahuri o te iwa me tenetere rua tekau.

pūmahara

• I roto i te USSR, te ingoa o te hero o tenei tuhinga kawea Batumi State Drama Theatre.
• whakanohoia G. Image Ilia rā 20 (Georgia pire).
• I roto i te 1958, tukuna te tari pou he pane i oti rawa ki Chavchavadze.
• I hoatu te ingoa o te pehe ki te University o Culture me reo Pākehā Western.
• whakatuwheratia publicist taonga Memorial i roto i te kainga o Kvareli (1937), te whenua o Ilya G. huaina Saguramo (1951) me te Tbilisi (1957).