Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: biography, te utuafare

I whanau te heke mai orurehau Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich i runga i Noema 22, 1893 i roto i te kainga iti o Cabana, e te kawanatanga o Kiev. i konatunatua mōhiohio e pā ana tona papa. I roto i te wā Soviet, i fakamamafai reira i haere mai Kaganovich i te utuafare rawakore. Heoi, mōhio fepaki tenei putanga o te whakaaturanga o te iwi nei i mohio tamaiti Raharuhi ngā kaituhi hou. Na, ka karanga etahi o ratou e Mohi Kaganovich Prasol - kararehe kaihoko-ake ki nui moni.

tau wawe

Te tangata te papa, e kore te tama aru i ona tapuwae. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich rite te tamaiti ka anga ki te rangatira te pūkenga o te hamani tiaa. Ki te 14 nga tau i mahi ai ia i roto i ngā wheketere hu. he Hurai, e kore i taea e nei pānga tona tūranga i roto i te Russian Empire Kaganovich i. i akina atu te nuinga o te taupori Hurai ki mau te kōtea o Whakataunga me te whakakāhore rerekē. No te mea o tenei, ka haere he tokomaha nga Hurai ki te revolution.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich i roto i tenei tikanga kahore he okotahi. Heoi, ko tona ope, he kōwhiringa rerekē mō te Hurai. Ahakoa ki te taupori Hurai e Tuini uru te mua, Mensheviks, Social mua me Bundists. aru Raharuhi hoki i roto i nga tapuwae o tona tuakana, Mikaera, a i roto i 1911 honoa e ia nga mua.

taitamariki Bolshevik

ka o te tangata taitama ora he tauira matarohia o te taiao orurehau. I hopukina tamau ia mō te wā poto, me te Bolshevik wā huri ratou wahi o te noho: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, etc. I roto i te katoa o enei pa i hanga Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich porowhita rōpū me ngā uniana o hūmeka me tanners. I runga i te eve o te revolution noho ia i roto i Yuzovka. Mahi me te whakahau i te wheketere hu rohe, tutaki Kaganovich he kuao Nikitoy Hruschevym. I roto i te heke mai, i puritia ratou i roto i te pa i runga i te tau o tona mahi i roto i te rōpū.

I muri haere te nuku Revolution Kaganovich ki mua, te wahi i pōtitia ia ki te amuiraa i te rārangi mua. I roto i te heke mai, ua faanahonaho ia nga mahi agitational, tae atu i roto i te Army Whero hou hanga. A, no te whawhati ā pakanga i roto i, ka anga te mema pono o te rōpū ki te mahi i te mua: i Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh ko Central Asia.

I roto i te Turkestan Kaganovich ka ia he mema o te RCP rohe (b) ka tomo te Revolutionary Military Kaunihera o te Turkestan mua. whakaritea functionary Party i tiamana o te kaunihera pa o Tashkent. I te taua Kaganovich i pōtitia ki te Komiti Executive Central o te RSFSR. E rere ana mo te mema i te arawhata nomenklatura teina o te rōpū e kore i taea e noho i waho whakarongo o Stalin, i taua wa tū te pou o te tangata Commissar mō Iwi.

henchman o Stalin

I raro i Lenin taitama Kaganovich ka ia he tautoko pūmau o Stalin, tautoko i te reira i roto i te aroraa i roto-rōpū. Ko te pakanga i waenganui i te feia faatere o mua whawhati i tonu i muri i te matenga o tona rangatira kaiwhakahe i roto i 1924. Stalin, te whakarite hoki te tautohetohe ki a Trotsky me ētahi atu mema o ia Politburo kino, ka anga ki te faateitei tona ake henchmen. ko Koba he rauemi whakahaere, kia rite ki te hēkeretari o te Komiti Central e whakaingoa ia ana tangata ki pou nui rōpū.

Kua kitea e ahau tona wahi i roto i te kaupapa, me te Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. functionary Family me tamarikitanga i piri herea ki Ukraine - he reira reira rite te General Hekeretari o te Komiti Central o te rohe i te reira tūtohutia ki Stalin. Ahakoa kua ake i kahore tonotono. Otiia, ko te kaha o te ngā kihai i whakahē i te tono, a ka tangohia te rōpū he mea whakarite nui.

I roto i Ukraine

Kia i Ukraine, timata Lazar Kaganovich ki te whai i te kaupapa here ki "Ukrainization" - .. A faaitoito i te ahurea motu, kura, reo, me ētahi atu I roto i tona tūranga hou ka Bolshevik te rota o hoariri pūmārō, i roto nei ko te Tiamana o te Republican Kaunihera o te tangata Commissars Vlas Chubar me Commissar o te Mātauranga Alexander Shumsky . I roto i te 1928, ka e ratou o ratou ara, a Stalin, haamana'o Kaganovich ki Moscow. hanga i roto i tona noho i roto i te te hēkeretari whānui tari o te Rōpū Communist (mua) o Ukraine kua etahi ora i muri i te Pakanga Civil.

Guide collectivization

E hoki ki te whakapaipai Kaganovich, mahue Stalin ia i roto i tona aropā o kaimahi me whakaritea hēkeretari o te Komiti Moscow o te rōpū. I tua atu, riro Lazar he nohoanga i roto i te Politburo. Te Komiti Central, ka ia te kawenga mō te ahuwhenua. Just i te tahuri o nga 20 me 30 matahiti. whakamanawanui peasants dispossession. tokanga'i Kaganovich te hanganga o pāmu ngā. Ko te kupu tenei he kaitautoko mateaki o Stalin me te whakahaere i hanga kawenga mo te pakanga kāwanatanga matatini i roto i te kainga.

Hoki whai ki te collectivization o Kaganovich, tetahi o te tuatahi ki te farii i te hou hanga Order o Lenin. Stalin, kotahi whakaatu ano o tona pono, i akonga o tona peresideni o te Komihana, hanga he tahia nui i roto i te rōpū o 1933-1934. I tenei wa noho Kaganovich i Moscow "i roto i te tiaki" ka te rangatira i mahue mo nga hararei raumati i runga i te Moana Black.

I te matenga o o nga tangata Commissariat o Railways

Ka haere mai te Mahere rima-Tau tuatahi. Kua kitea e te iwi ōhanga te whakamahi, me te Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. e kia oti, kahore whakahua o tona mahi i te matenga o o nga tangata Commissariat o Railways haurongo functionary. Whakaritea ki tenei tūranga i roto i 1935, ngaro ia tona pou i roto i te Komiti Moscow o te rōpū. i te aroaro taputapu raupapa rite hua. Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o Stalin, uru kaupapa Kaganovich ki tona pūnaha ake, i roto i nei kore i hāngai ia i roto i nga ringa o tona akonga o maha rawa pou, me te mana.

A, no te mea kua pai ake Lazar i o nga tangata Commissariat o Railways taumata waka, na nui mo te ao hou, ka takoha. hanga matou ara hou me te whakahoutia tawhito (ko etahi o ratou i roto i te āhua pouri e tika ana ki te ora roa, me fifi o te Pakanga Civil).

whare Moscow

Hoki ana angitu i whakawhiwhia Kaganovich te Order o Reipa Ihowanihi. I tua atu, i roto i te 1936 - 1955 tau. kakahu tona ingoa Moscow Metro (i muri riro te ingoa o Lenin). Ko reira a te tangata Commissar o Railways mātakitaki i te hanga o "raro" i roto i te pane. kawea i raro i tona mana i roto i, me te anō o Moscow. ka City he whakapakoko hou o te whakapaipai o te kāwanatanga proletarian. I te wa ano i ngaro maha hahi. Commissar o te pahūtanga o te iwi i roto i tiaki o te whare o te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora.

I roto i te mutunga o te 30 Kaganovich tahitia haere pūngao me tari ōhanga (wahie taimaha me ahumahi hinu). ka o nga People Commissars (kāwanatanga) tiamana tuarua o te Bolshevik hoa Molotov.

I roto i nga tau o te tāmitanga

I te tau 1937 whakarewahia Stalin i te pakanga hou nui o whakapaia i te rōpū, me te Army Whero. Kaganovich, rite kia waiho ai, ki tona kaha katoa tautoko te tino kaupapa. whakaongaongatia ia te tāmitanga i roto i ona ake o People Commissariat o Railways kore anake, engari e patua ana hoki ki te titiro mō ngā pests me hoariri o te iwi i rarangi katoa o te hapori Soviet.

Kaganovich - he hoa tata o Stalin, ki te uru te rārangi, i koperea nei ki te whakaae o te kaiārahi rōpū. I hainatia te pūranga Kremlin o pinepine o ngā tuhinga e o te tangata Commissar. E ai ki hītori tatau rārangi anake te hunga pere 19,000 iwi. Ētahi atu taua āwhiwhiwhi Stalin ko Molotov, Voroshilov ko Yozhov (i muri i pere). arahina Kaganovich whakapaia me i te whenua. Ki tenei mutunga, haere ia i roto i 1937 i roto i te tahi mau rohe o te USSR (i roto i te Vol. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo me te rohe Kiev). i whai wāhi, me te ki te kohuru Katyn kiki Party functionary - te patu o riro rangatira Polish.

War Great Patriotic

I roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic, Kaganovich (rite o te tangata Commissar o Railways) i te kawenga mō te hōneatanga o pakihi i roto i te rawhiti o te whenua. whakanohoia Ko te poropititanga nui i runga i nga reriwe, e e te tikanga tāia ki ki to ratou mahi. ahumahi Soviet i taea ki te te whakarite hohoro te mahi i roto i te muri, ka tīmata te kai e tika ana katoa ki te mua. I roto i te 1942, ngā o te Iwi Commissar i te Kaunihera Military o te Te Tai Tokerau Caucasian mua. Otiia nuinga mahi ia i roto i Moscow, a i roto i te tonga tae mai Taenga mai o te. Kia i Tuapse, te wahi i te pou whakahau i roto i te poma i werohia ia ha kongokonga i roto i te ringa. I te mua Kaganovich whaia e ia tona mahi o marae hōia me prosecutors hōia.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te whawhai i timata Stalin ki ngā te Komiti State o Paruru o te mau melo o te hou. I roto ia ratou a Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Books hītori whakaaro e kore i te tākaro ia he wāhi nui i roto i te T-pire, me he ahua nuinga iti, me te hangarau.

mate o te mana

I roto i nga tau whakamutunga o Stalin, tonu Kaganovich ki noho runga pou kāwanatanga. Ka rite ki "handyman", i hoatu e ia ki roto ki tiaki o te Tāhuhu o Construction Materials Ahumahi. I tua atu, ka hoki Lazar ki te Politburo o te CP CC (b) o Ukraine.

I muri i te matenga o Stalin , ka mau Kaganovich he pakanga tutu rōpū. I te tuatahi tautoko ia te whakakorenga o Peria. Heoi, i roto i te 1957 reira tahi ki ngā Molotov me Malenkov i roto i te "rōpū anti-Party" hou, me te nekehia atu i ona pou katoa. Ko reira taa'eraa e Kaganovich, mohio Khrushchev i te wa o te revolution me i etahi wāhi noa wāhi ki tona tairanga ki te rarangi o te nomenklatura Stalinist.

tonoa mua o People Commissar ki whakaraua hōnore i roto i Asbestos, te wahi i noho ai ia mo te mahi rōpū. I te tau 1961, i te mutunga peia ia i te rōpū, me te tono tangata ki te Kalinin. Kaganovich pau koroheketanga i roto i te noho wehe - e kore tona ahua puta i runga i te pae tōrangapū. Kua i roto i te hanganga i mua reira i taea e tae tuhia nga kairīpoata nga haamana'oraa o tetahi o nga rawa-rangatira rangatira Soviet o te wā Stalin. mate mua Commissar Hōngongoi 25, 1991 i te tau o 97 tau.

whānau

Ka rite ki āwhiwhiwhi Stalin katoa, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, kua tauta ki te mahi nei te ora whaiaro, kua ite ahau neke atu i te kotahi whakaari utuafare. Tona tuakana, Michael, piri tuatahi te Party Bolshevik, ko a nga tangata Commissar o Aviation Ahumahi o te USSR. I te tau 1940 ka nekehia atu e ia i te tari, a tukuna he whakatūpato. Mikaera, kia meinga te patunga o te NKVD i mohio e hohoro, i mahi hoki i te whakamomori. E rua atu teina Kaganovich ia pai. mahi a Iharaira i nga ahumahi miraka me te kai, ko Iharaira ki o nga tangata Commissariat o Foreign Trade.

piri wahine a Kaganovich Maria Privorotsky te RSDLP i roto i 1909 .. I roto i te wā Soviet, mahi i roto i te uniana, arahina e ia kāinga o te tamariki, a ko te kawana o te Kaunihera City Moscow. A, no te rave Meri taitamariki i roto i ngā mahi agitational o te rōpū, ka tutaki ia tana tahu heke mai Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Tamariki o te tokorua: tona tamahine ake Maya (rite te whakaputanga o pukapuka o tona papa), ka tangohia tama, Yuri.