Kei hea ko te takere o te waka rererangi? Aircraft Kiel: hanga

Ahakoa kore i te tangata kite i te moana, tino mohio mawehe kupu: ". Whitu waewae i raro i te takere" Na whakatika tonu te pātai. Ko te takere o te kaipuke - ko te wahi hanganga tino nui, e kua piri maha wahi o tona tinana. Otiia ki te matau ana te tangata o te wahi kei a he aha te mea te takere o te waka rererangi?

He aha te mea te reira?

Ko te "mana" o te pūmautanga e taea ki a koe te whakaora i tenei te rererangi i homai akoranga. Rerekē kaipuke, te takere o te waka rererangi, ko te wāhi o te stabilizer poutū o te hiku. I te raro o te takere he kahore takere i rere kore mīhini mahi! Ko reira he kotahi tinihanga. Ko te take i tenei wahi mau hono ki nga mea timatanga kawenga-amo o te takere, engari no te mea te tahi mea i roto i te noa, ko te tonu i reira i roto i te wā moana, me te rangi. Na kei hea ko te takere o te waka rererangi? Mämä noa iho, ko reira te wahi poutū o te hiku.

Reira te pu whakanohoia, kua whakaritea i toru ngā e he hangarite ki rārangi rererangi axial. I roto i te ahua, i tenei wahi kua he āhua tino o te Taparara. Ka rite ki te tikanga, te takere o te rererangi ngā o rākau, rara, me te kiri. Tenei kaupapa ko te aronui, kua puta ke iti mai te rererangi tuatahi. whakanohoia ana te tira rākau mua te obliquely (rite te tikanga).

whakatakotoranga

Nuinga o ngā wā, ko te takere kotahi, engari i roto i ētahi wā te mahi i reira rua, me te ara, takitoru (i runga i rererangi hurirere). I roto i te take whakamutunga, kua hiahiatia reira ki te whakarato i tētahi pūmautanga Anga tiketike o te machinery taimaha. E te ara, kua wehea nga rererangi katoa i te wahi o te wāhi o te takere ki e toru ngā momo:

• Hanga e te kaupapa noa. Taua, mo te tauira, te takere o te waka rererangi A321.
• "Ducks," e he rererangi e kei i mua o te parirau nei whakapae hiku fin.
• "Tailless". Ko te takere, ko te hiawero poutū anake, ailerons whakapae rawa ngaro.

O te akoranga, he nui atu angamaheni mo te "hapori" o rererangi hōia, nga momo whakamutunga e rua pērā i te whakanohonga o te takere he tika ki te hoatu i te rererangi anō huri mai tiketike.

I roto i ētahi wā, te whakamahi i whakaaro matatini ake. Hei tauira, podkilevye Heru (aka - ngā rākau ventral). E whakamahia ratou i roto i te tahi mau rererangi paorangi, kei hea he mātu'aki mahu'inga te tiaki o te pūmautanga tino i roto i rere. Ko te kupu, i raro i te takere o te rererangi (ko tenei te wahi i kite kē matou) i reira he he atu, me te tomonga nui. Ētahi atu āhuatanga noa ko ina whai te hiku stabilizer whakapae katoa ki te neke ki te tihi o te takere. Tenei tupu ka eke te pūkaha i roto i te muri o te rererangi. he kaupapa taua, mo te tauira, e taea te kite i roto i te rererangi whaipainga motu "IL".

He aha te mea te reira hoki?

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, morehu rangi - he rarity maere, e kore nei e tupu pinepine wa tokorua he tau. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, i reira ko te hau, me tona kaha, me te aronga e taea rerekē tino. A, no te te rere i te rererangi, ka taea e te patapata mai hau nui whakaawe i te aronga me te akoranga. kia whakaritea te waka rererangi kia e ratou ake ki te hoki ki te tūranga pūmau. Anake i roto i tenei ara e taea te rere haumaru.

Ko te whakaaro matua o

Ko te tikanga matua o te hanga o te takere - tuu te reira na e he reira i raro i kore tūkunga kihai i whiwhi i te slipstream o te parirau. ofatiraa kore pea koi o te pūmautanga Program, a i roto i te mau tupuraa fifi tino - deformation tinana me te whakangaromanga o te hiku katoa. Na, ko te whakaaro matua o te takere - whakaora pūmautanga arotahi.

Ko te hoahoa o maha rererangi he penei e wahi tenei - turanga. Na roto i te huri i te rahi o te ine o te takere, aroturuki te waka te aronga aronga kitenga. Okotahi - rererangi hōia, i roto i nei ki te huri i te aronga o engines rere whakautu ki te pere ka aki iho whakahaeretia. I roto i to ratou take, ki te hanga i te rererangi takere turanga (whakaahua ko reira i roto i te tuhinga) he poauau, no te mea te kikī, ka nukarau penei e te ngaro noa i te reira.

He aha ngā momo o te pūmautanga whakaratohia e te takere?

E toru ngā momo o te pūmautanga, mo te whakaaro ki o nei te hanganga rererangi ngā te takere:

• Track.
• Roa.
• Hake.

Ka matau tatou ki enei momo katoa i roto i te taipitopito. Na, te pūmautanga arotahi. Kia mahara te reira e i roto i te take o te mate o te pūmautanga wä roa o te takere i rere, ka tonu tonu te waka rererangi mō te ki etahi wa rere atu e tika ana ki te kaha inertial. I muri iho, e haamata te rere o te hau ki te rere ki te muri o te rererangi, i takoto muri te pokapū o te mahara. Kiel i roto i tenei take ārai te putanga o te ope tītaka, akina te rererangi ki te tītaka huri noa tona tuaka.

pūmautanga roa. Me kī kei te rere te rererangi i roto i te aratau noa, te pokapū o te mahara hāngai ki te pokapū o te tono o te pēhanga ki tona takere. I tenei wāhi, mahi hoki te takere ope-tini e rapu ki te whakawhānui i te tinana o te rererangi. Ara, me te mahara kei i te wa ano. rererangi takere (whakaahua o nga tūemi kite koutou i roto i te tuhinga) whakarato te toenga, i roto i tenei take he tino pakarukaru. e kore te mea taea whati noa kahore empennage, takere me te stabilizer.

Ētahi momo o te pūmautanga

pūmautanga lateral. Te tikanga e korero, tenei take ko te hokohoko atu arorau o te āhuatanga o mua. A, no te he ope-tini te parirau me stabilizers ripeka fin, ratou "tamata" ki hurihia te rererangi. He hoariri tenei puka o parirau: ki te titiro e koe ki a ratou i tawhiti, rite ratou te pukapuka "U" ki te tino diluted runga "haona." whakarato ana tēnei āhua i te tūranga whaiaro-fakatonutonu o te rererangi i roto i te wāhi. Kiel i te wa ano āwhina ki te tiaki pūmautanga lateral.

Kia mahara e te rererangi ki te parirau kahakina mua-o te hiahia mo te takere e kore he nui ... ka kīia e tiketike. Ki te taka te reira, te hua i roto i ope tauhohenga puta i roto i te haereraa āhuahanga. A, no te mea o enei mihini ko te tino nui o nga tino tiketike, takere ono tekau, e taea te tu atu taua pikaunga teitei. A me pehea te reira e taea te whiwhi? A korero e pā ana ki reira.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te rererangi hou

I tēnei wā, kei te arotahi te tohunga Federal Air Transport Agency me o ratou hoa ke i runga i te hanganga o ngā wāhanga rererangi (tae atu i te takere) o ngā wāhanga nui-rahi i hanga o ngā rauemi hiato matatau.

Kei te piki haere te rahi o enei pūhui i te hoahoa o waka rere hou. E ai ki te kōrero i te tohunga, kua tae ratou ōwehenga rōrahi kua 25% ki te 50%, me te rererangi iti kore-arumoni, a taea te titoa katoa o te kirihou me composites i 75%. He aha i pera whānui i roto i te ahumahi rererangi tenei huarahi? Ko te take i te taua takere o te waka rererangi "Boeing", hanga o te waerau "alloys", kua he taimaha marama rawa, he kaha tiketike rawa, me te rauemi nei, mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi paerewa ki te whakatutuki i ainei noa.

rauemi hāngai

whakatikaia te nuinga te whakamahi o composites i te hoahoa o te hiawero e kore anake, engari ano hoki o nga parirau me te takere huānga kawenga-whanau, i meinga nei hei kore anake rawa kaha engari ano hoki ngāwari nui. Kore i reira ko te tūponotanga ka o te kore hanganga i raro i te mahi o nga pikaunga rere.

Otiia kihai i reira tonu. Ko te kupu, ko te whakapehapeha o te ahumahi rererangi Soviet, te rererangi "Tu-160", hoki e mohiotia ana "White Swan" ranei "blackjack", ko te takere o ... alloys Titanium. i whiriwhiria rauemi motuhake, me te tino utu pērā no o te pikaunga nui i runga i te hanganga o te mīhini, e ki tenei ra tonu te taitara o te bomber taimaha i patu. Otiia he huarahi tino hira pērā ki te hanganga o te takere - he rarity, engari no te mea maha i tenei ra i reira kaihoahoa ki te mahi ki atu rauemi hiato ohie.

He aha e te mau tamataraa fehangahangai i roto i te hanga i te takere hiato?

I roto i te whanaketanga o te kaihoahoa motu i ki te whakaoti i te momo o wero:

• hanganga I mahi o ngā wāhanga nui o te takere, me tetahi atu muka waro production tikanga e whaowhia.
• Hoki i tata rawatia rethink me anō-te pīkau i te wāhanga matua o te hanga, e kore nei i hangaia mo te whakamahi o ngā rauemi hiato.

Ētahi āhuatanga

Kua te tukanga whakaputa, kua whakatinanahia te pūmanawa hou (FiberSim), e taea ana ki te whakatutuki i te faito teitei roa taea o te aunoatanga. Ano, i teie nei takere rererangi nei hoahoa e whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga, ka taea te hangaia i runga i taua hangarau, te wahi o ngā kahore tuhinga. Production o tenei wahi i roto i tenei huarahi, ko e whai ake:

• Hoahoa kōwhiringa o te tauira oti ranei. matapae teie mahana takere (he pai) i roto i te aratau tino aunoa, i waho te "tangata" ngā.
• Whakairo o te rauemi e whakamahia ana, rite tonu i te aratau aunoa.
• I roto i te aratau aunoa, hanga te tätaitanga taua te o ngā rauemi mata whakamahia i roto i te hanga i te takere me ona wahi hanganga.
• paparanga tāpae te tikanga robotic te mana e te hōtaka rorohiko.

I roto i te tua, he huarahi hou ki te hanga o tara riro te whai ake:

• production tonu o Momo e kua whakamatauria i roto i te tikanga tino ohie.
• hangarau whakawhanakehia kore-kino whakamatautau, e tukua aroturuki tonu o te takere ki runga ki te waka rererangi.

tikanga Arā mō te hanga "MC-21" rererangi empennage

I roto i te mua e kore e pera tawhiti, kei te mooni miharo te ahumahi rererangi te tono o ngā kāinga e Kei te whanake ratou he rererangi katoa hou, "MS-21". Ko tōna ahurei ko e i roto i tata e toru tekau tau, ko te motokā motu tuatahi ki flights i roto i te whenua. I roto i tona hanga kua reira e rave rahi o te hangarau hou, i te nuinga pāngia nga āhuatanga auaha o te takere me te huri noa i te hiku whakamatauria.

Te whakawhanake me te whakaputa "MS-21" caisson takere rererangi, i taea ki te whakatutuki i te whai ake tohunga motu:

• Fully aunoa kōhanga o nga wahi me ngā rauemi mata whakamahia i roto i te hanga. Ka rite ki te hua, te whakahaere i te reira ki te tae i te iti rawa 50% whakaiti i roto i te tapeke utu o te hiawero katoa, a i roto i ngā te takere.
• I roto i te hanga o te hōtaka whakamahi empennage ProDirector e taea ki a koe te whakatutuki i tika tino i roto i te tukatuka o ngā wāhanga. hanga tenei e taea ki te hanga i totoka kore anake, engari ano hoki ngā rākau tino Kōmāmā.
• Ano, i hanga te takere o te waka rererangi hou kei te whakamahi i te tikanga curvature rua. Ngā mihi ki a ratou, he mea ka taea ki te whakatutuki matotoru-tini i roto i aua wāhi i reira te tika hanganga ngā atu (i raro i te manureva takere).
• Ahakoa tenei ra, wahi nui o te takere taea "tunu ata" i roto i autoclaves motuhake. Ko te hua ko te wāhanga tino kaha, me te mārō ki te tu i te kawenga o tetahi tohu.
• haere hoki Mana taipitopito o te āhuahanga o te matatini i raro i te mana o ngā pūnaha rorohiko.

Ētahi āhuatanga

Na roto i te whakamahi o hangarau me tikanga hou, te whīwhiwhi o te hanga i te hiku, me te takere i heke e 50-70%. I teie mahana, kua nga whakamātautau kāwanatanga kua neke atu i te wha mano nga wahi pakihau me te hiawero.

Ko te paetae matua - Kua whakawhanakehia he hangarau pono, me te ohie o te hanga o nga wāhanga o te pouaka rahi takere o 7.6 x 2.5 m I te kau i timata kē ratou ki te whakaora i runga i. Irkutsk Aviation Plant. E hanga ana ratou o ngā rauemi hiato matatau, me nga āhuatanga o tenei tukanga i hiahia kē i roto i ārahi kaiwhakanao rererangi ke.

raruraru hou

Hoki te mea pau matou na nui te wā matapaki tikanga hou o te hoahoa me te hanganga o te takere? Ko te meka Ko e mai te 60raa o te rau tau whakamutunga ka reira mārama e te atu hua i roto i te tere mahi rererangi he taea anake, ki te ki te whakapiki ake i ō rātou kaha, me te ki te whakauru ki te hanga i te momo tino hou o ngā rauemi polymeric. Ko te raruraru o te waka rererangi whakatupuranga whakamutunga ko e to ratou hoahoa (me te takere i roto i ngā) he tino haria ki "te rohirohi". No te mea o tenei, e pā ana ki 70 tau o te rau tau whakamutunga kua whakawhanakehia kua maha tikanga o te āhua o te parirau, me te hiawero aroturuki.

He nui hoki ngā whakaritenga Production. Ia puranga o ngā wāhanga i raro ki nga taumanu overloads wiri tino kino ki te wheako pāmahana me te pēhanga. Ko te kore e maere tenei, mai i te kapiti iti pae hopea arahi ki te mate o rau o ngā pāhihi.

Na e matau ana koutou te wahi i te fin rererangi me he aha te mea mo!