Ko nga ingoa o te waka rererangi. Whakarōpū o rererangi, ratou momo me ngā puka

hītori Aviation mohio maha rawa nui o te taputapu rere o ngā momo me te momo. He pea ki te ara rārangi ingoa rererangi katoa. Heoi, karapotia tino tūturu nga tauira taketake. Kia ako a e founga ki te hanga rererangi whakarōpū, ratou momo, momo, whakaaro hoki ingoa.

ingoa

Kia tango o te titiro i te rārangi o ngā ingoa o matua kaiwhakanao rererangi ke i roto i te ana'iraa piapa. E whakaatu ana te rārangi pehea whakakorea te kamupene ngā nei me:

• Aérospatiale (France).
• Airbus (EU).
• Boeing (US).
• British Aerospace (UK).
• British Aircraft (United Basileia).
• Heinkel (Germany).
• Junkers (Germany).
• McDonnell Douglas (USA).
• Messerschmitt (Germany).

Ingoa i roto i te rererangi pūrārangi whakaputaina i roto i te whenua USSR me pou-Soviet, e rārangi ana i raro:

• He (Antonov).
• A (Polikarpov).
• Yl (Iliushin).
• La (Lavochkin).
• LaGG (Lavochkin, Gorbunov, Gudkov).
• Lee (Lisunov).
• Mig (Mikoyan me Gurevich).
• Na roto i te (Polikarpov).
• Cy (maroke).
• Tu (Tupolev).
• Yak (Yakovlev).

Me pēhea te ki te whakarōpū i te rererangi?

Tuatahi o te katoa, kitea i roto i te mea e nga rererangi. Ko te ingoa o te tikanga e rere taea kōrero e pā ana ki nga mea maha, engari ka korero te whakarōpūtanga tatou ake. Ka rite ki whakarōpūtia te rererangi te? Mahi i te reira i runga i te tawhā e whai ake nei:

• ki te ūnga;
• tere;
• I roto i engines;
• pato engines;
• pato huriaro;
• taimaha;
• maha o parirau;
• rahi takere;
• momo o te whakahaere;
• puka te wakarererangi.

Na ka aparau i tatou i te tahi o teie mau ngā i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Whakarōpū i te whakaaro

Kei te whakaaro te reira i te tino noa. Hoki tenei tohu, deyalsya rererangi katoa ki e rua ngā momo matua: hōia, me te harangotengote. I tua atu, i ia o enei rōpū reira ake wehenga ki ngā kāwai iti.

I roto i runga ki te mahi motuhake o te Warplanes whakarōpūtia ki te kāwai matua e whai ake nei: rererangi, Interceptor rererangi, whawhai rangi, rererangi whakaeke, kaipuke waka hōia, toa-rererangi me tutei.

Ko te Aviation Civil mō ngā pūrere rere e wehea ki te kāwai e whai ake nei: pāhihi, whenua ahuwhenua, waka, pou, whakamātau, etc ...

rererangi

Ko te mahi rererangi ko ki te hinga te take o nei he i runga i te whenua. mahi ratou i tenei mā te whakamahi i poma me missiles.

Na kia kitea a roto i te ingoa o te waka rererangi hōia. I roto i rererangi taea wehewehe taua tauira ahumahi motu: Su-24, TU-160, SU-34. I roto i te Tuarua oaoa Pakanga o te Ao he ingoa rererangi motu motuhake Pe-2. Ko te tuatahi kia huaina ki te rongonui "Ilya Muromets" - te hanganga o te kaihoahoa nui Igorya Sikorskogo. atu ka mau tenei kōwae mō te wā tuatahi i roto i te rangi rite wawe rite 1913. I roto i te wā Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i tahuri ai ki te bomber. Aircraft "Ilya Muromets" i whakamahia ano hoki i roto i te Pakanga Civil.

I roto i waka ke taea te kitea hou rererangi American Notelopi B-2 Wairua, rererangi XB-70 Valkyrie, Rockwell B-1 Lancer, B-2, B-52 Stratofortress, US-hanga 30raa Boeing B-17 me Martin B- 10 rererangi Tiamana i roto i te pakanga tuarua ao, Junkers Ju 86 ko Heinkel ia 111.

Toa

Ko te mahi matua o enei whakaaro he ki te whakangaro i rererangi me te tahi atu taonga e te hunga i roto i te rangi.

Ingoa o whawhai tohunga i runga i ngā take hōia, rawa, ka mea te rota. Te nuinga mohiotia tauira Soviet o te Pakanga II o te Ao - lagg-3, ahau-15 bis, Mig-3, ahau-16, ahau-153, Yak-1. I roto i te wā kotahi i whai ingoa ao riro German Bf.109 rererangi, Bf.110 ko FT 190, me te urupare Me.262, Me.163 Komet me ia 162 Volksjager.

I roto i te whawhai Soviet kia hanga i muri wā mig-31, Su-27 me mig-29. I tēnei wā, ki tonu te rangi i te rererangi Russian hou. E pai o ratou ingoa mohiotia i roto i te rererangi toi. Tenei whakatupuranga o whawhai 4 ++ Su-35 me mig-35.

E tohaina Contemporary tauira American tuatahi-whakatupuranga toa i roto i te tau ao e rima te Boeing F-22, me te te tauira mua F-4 me F-15 Eagle.

Toa-rererangi

ngā ratou nga mahi o te kāwai tuatahi e rua o te rererangi i whakaahuatia tatou. E ko, whakangaromia rite ngā taumata rangi me te whenua.

E whakaaro ana te tuatahi toa-rererangi Tiamana Me.262, he tauira whakarerekētia o te toa o Ingarangi Supermarine Spitfire, De Havilland Mosquito, me te Soviet Yak-9.

I roto i te hou rererangi jet Me ki tohatoha motu mig-23B ko Su-17M me mig-27 me te tauira American F-105.

interceptors

Ko ratou he momo iti taa ê o whawhai, hangaia ki te whakangaro rererangi hoariri. Haunga te rererangi toa tikanga, kua rite rawa ai ki te taputapu hihiani kaha.

I roto i Soviet Interceptor mohiotia rererangi ingoa e whai ake nei: SU-15, SU-9, Tu-128, Yak-28, Mig-25. Ka taea te whakaritea tauira American F-16 me F-14 Grumman. Ano te rererangi Japanese ao rongonui Mitsubishi F-2 me te Interceptor Ingarangi Panavia Āwhā ADV.

stormtroopers

Ratou mahi, ko te ki te tautoko i ope whenua ki te hau.

E whakaaro ana te rererangi Pakanga o te Ao II-era whakaeke tino rongonui rererangi IL-2 me IL-10. I te wa ano, kia rite ki te taputapu hoariri tono Hs 129 ko Ju 87. I roto i te rererangi whawhai hou kia tohaina te ingoa SU-25 rererangi, F / A-18, A-10.

waka waka Military

Ko te mahi matua o te rererangi waka hōia ko te tuku o te utanga hōia me ngā kaimahi.

Waka rererangi o tenei piha haapiiraa, e te mea i tēnei wā i runga i te mahi o te Russian Federation Armed Forces ko IL-76, AN-26, AN-124 me AN-12. I roto i kia tohatoha analogues American Douglas yc-15, Boeing C-17, Boeing C-97 me Boeing E-8.

rererangi pāhihi

Ka tīmata Arotake o Civil Aviation tauira ki a ratou. Tenei momo o waka rangi, te ingoa titau rite, hangaia ki te kawe pāhihi.

Ko te rererangi production tuatahi i kawe civilians, whakaaro katoa te whare taua "Ilya Muromets", i tahuri i roto i te heke mai i raro i te bomber. Tona rere tuatahi i St Petersburg ki Kiev ki ono ngā pāhihi i hanga hoki e ia i roto i 1914.

whakaaro te airliner tino rongonui mo te ora o te rererangi e ki he wae American hanga Douglas DC-3 rererangi te rere tuatahi hoki i roto i te 1935. E whakamahia Various akatuke'anga i teie mahana. Hei tauira, ko ahua Soviet o te rererangi Li-2.

Runga ake nga rererangi tuatahi i whakaahuatia. Ko te ingoa o te whakataetae matua i runga i te mākete o te pāhihi rererangi - Boeing me Airbus.

"Boeing"

Ko te kamupene American Boeing hoki ka haere mai i roto i tawhiti i te 1916. Mai reira kua reira kua hokohoko rererangi, matua hoki rererangi, ahakoa i reira e ano tauira waka hōia. Ko te ingoa tino rongonui o te kamupene pāhihi rererangi - Boeing 737, Boeing 747, Boeing 747-8, Boeing 777 ko Boeing 787.

Ko te tuatahi o nga tauira i runga ake i tukua i roto i te 1968, ka ki te rā, ko te nui tino o te rererangi pāhihi katoa. Boeing 747 whakaputaina he tau i muri mai, ko te pionie i roto i manureva e widebody. Boeing 747-8 - pāhihi rererangi ki te roa nui. I tukua e ia i roto i te tau 2010. I teie mahana, te mākete, ko te rererangi pāhihi nui Boeing 777 kua hokona papatipu hua mai 1994. Ko te tauira hōu o te kaporeihana i te kau - Boeing 787 2009 tau o e fakatupú.

"Airbus"

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, te tāwhai matua Boeing i te mākete ao ko te Pākehā kaihanga Airbus, kei te tari pokapū i roto i France. I whakaturia te reira nui i muri atu i tona tāwhai American - i roto i te 1970. Ko te ingoa tino rongonui o te rererangi kamupene - A300, A320, A380 me te A350 XWB.

Tukua i roto i te 1972, te A300 ko te rererangi whānui-tinana tuatahi i runga i rua engines. I runga i te A320 i roto i te tau 1988 i te hanga tuatahi-waea puka o te whakahaere i tono kua i roto i te ao. A380, i koperea nei e ake ki te rangi mo te wa tuatahi i roto i 2005, ko te nui rawa i roto i te ao. Ko te taea ki te tango i runga i te poari ki runga ki ona pāhihi 480 ia. Ko te whanaketanga hōu ko te A350 XWB. Tona mahi matua i ki te whakataetae ki te Boeing tukua i mua 787. A ki pai tenei mahi pakari a te airliner, obohodya tona tāwhai i roto i ngā o te tōtika.

Ko te rererangi pāhihi Soviet

I te taumata tika, a ka māngai ai e te ahumahi pāhihi rererangi Soviet. Te nuinga o nga tauira - ko te rererangi "Aeroflot". Ko nga ingoa o rama nui: Tu, Il, He ko Yak.

tukua te airliner jet kāinga tuatahi i roto i 1955, te Tu-104. Tu-154, te tango-atu tuatahi i tangohia e wahi i roto i 1972, whakaaro te te wae rangi pāhihi Soviet tino nui. riro Tu-144 1968 tauira tau kua mana rongonui rite airliner tuatahi o te ao, kua ki te wahi i te arai tangi whakahaere nei. i taea e ia tae tere o runga ki te 2.5 mano. Km / h, a kore e mea patu tenei lekooti ki to tatou wa. I te kau, te tauira whakamutunga mahi o te airliner whakawhanakehia e Tupolev Design Bureau, he Tu-204 te tau 1990 tauira tau, me te he whakarerekētanga o te Tu-214.

Noatia, haunga Tu reira e te tahi atu rererangi "Aeroflot". Ko te ingoa o te tino rongonui: IL-18, IL-114, IL-103, He-24, He-28, Yak-40 me Yak-42.

Manureva e ētahi atu whenua

Haunga te runga ake, i reira he tauira nui, me te tahi atu kaihanga o pāhihi rererangi.

airliner Ingarangi De Havilland Comet, i tukua i roto i te 1949, ko te reira i te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te airliner kōpana ao. riro Rongonui Franco-British Concorde airliner, hangaia i roto i te 1969. haere ana ia ki raro, i roto i te whakawhetai hītori ki te meka i he te rua te nganatanga angitu (i muri i te Tu-144) te hanga i te waka rererangi pāhihi paorangi. Na tonu enei rererangi e rua i roto i tenei whakaaro, ko te ahurei, rite te roa rite i taea e ki te tuku i tika mo te airliner faaohiparaa i papatipu, nehenehe o haere tere atu i te tangi e kore tetahi atu.

transporters

Ko te rererangi whakaaro waka matua ko te transportation o taonga i runga i tawhiti roa.

I roto i te mihini o tenei momo, ko te tika ki te tautapa i te tauira Western o rererangi pāhihi whakarerekētia i raro i te hiahia waka: Douglas MD-11F, te Airbus A330-200F, te Airbus A300-600ST me Boeing 747-8F.

Ko te nuinga o te katoa i roto i te hanga o te waka rererangi waka hei kua Soviet rongonui, a inaianei te Ukrainian Antonov Hoahoa Bureau ingoa. hua te reira i seti e whiua tonu te rekoata o te ao mō te fatongiá: AN-22, 1965 (kaha - 60 m), Ru-124 1984 (kaha - 120 toni), AN-1988 225 g (253 e runga poari, 8 m). no tauira hou ki te kore, kua ano i pakaru record payloads. I tua atu, whakaritea ana e ia ki te whakamahi i ki te kawe i te rakau wāhi Soviet "Buran", engari e kore e te kaupapa i whakatinana, me te tiango o te USSR.

I roto i te Russian Federation, e kore te mea pera rosy ki rererangi waka katoa. Ko nga ingoa o te rererangi Russian he rite whai: IL-76, IL-112 me IL-214. Ko te raruraru ko e i whakawhanakehia te IL-76 hua tenei ra i roto i te wā Soviet, i te 1971, me te toenga e te whakamahere ki te tīmata anake i roto i te 2017.

rererangi Agricultural

He waka rererangi, ngā whāwhā mara ki ngā patukīrea, waipatutaru me ētahi atu matū nei mahi. Tenei momo o te taputapu rererangi i huaina pāmu.

Mai i ngā tauira Soviet o mohiotia ki te U-2 me AN-2 enei whakaaro, e he e tika ana ki te tono motuhake te paingia mohiotia rite "kānga".

tere Unit

I tua atu ki te whakarōpū o waka rererangi mo te tahi atu mau tumu, i ako matou i roto i te taipitopito i runga, i reira e te tahi atu momo o tūranga. Kei roto i tēnei te whakarōpū o te tere rere. I e wehea te pūtake o rererangi ki te kāwai e whai ake nei: subsonic, rererangi transonic, paorangi, me te rererangi hypersonic.

Ehara i te mea uaua ki te matau e oho āta tangi te rererangi subsonic. rererangi Transonic rere i te tere tata ki te Sonic, paorangi hinga te arai tangi, a ka nui hypersonic tenei ahua neke atu i rima nga wa.

I te kau, te tere i roto i te ao, ko te mīhini hypersonic whakamātau i te US X-43A i 2001. Ka taea e te tiki ia ake ki te tere 11.200 km / h. I roto i te wahi tuarua, tona compatriot X-15, i tukua hoki i roto i tawhiti i te 1959. Ko te tere o te 7273 km / h. Ki te kore tatou e kōrero e pā ana ki te taputapu whakamātautau, engari o te hunga manureva e mahi ngā mahi motuhake, na reira ko te aito i te SR-71 American, taea ki te whakawhanake i te tere ki runga ki te 3530 km / h. kia tohaina te paorangi mig-25 i roto i waka kāinga. Ko tōna tere mōrahi o te tere e taea tae ake ki te 3000 km / h.

Ko te rererangi pāhihi ki te mea tere e nui kino. tukuna teie mahana e rua anake airliner paorangi: te motu Tu-144 (1968) me te Concorde Franco-British (1969). Ko te tuatahi o enei ko te ki te whakawhanake i te mahi nui-tere o runga ki te 2.5 mano. Km / h, i te mea he lekooti o rererangi, engari o te rererangi o te whakatū katoa ko te wahi whakatekau anake. Me mahara hoki käore te reira e i te kau i reira he kahore tetahi o te airliner paorangi, kua nei kua i roto i te mahi mai i te whakamahi o te Tu-144 i pai ki te ara hoki i roto i 1978, ka mutu te whakamahi o Concorde i roto i 2003.

rererangi pāhihi Hypersonic kore vai. Heoi, inaianei i reira e rave rahi kaupapa, e rua tari hoahoa kāinga me te ke mo te hanga o te waka rererangi hypersonic. I roto ia ratou, he te rongonui tino te Pākehā ZEHST. Ko te rererangi ahei o tere ki runga ki te 5.0 mano. Km / h, engari te wa o tona hanganga mārama. I roto i Russia, i reira e rua taua kaupapa - Tu-244 me Tu-444, engari i te kau e ratou whakatotoka rua.

Ētahi momo o whakarōpūtanga

E ai ki te maha o engines i rererangi reira mai ki kotahi- dvenadtsatidvigatelnyh.

E ai ki te momo o manureva pūkaha e wehea ki te kāwai e whai ake nei: ki te pūkaha hiko, kōkeke, turboprop, jet, tākirirangi, me te mihini ki te pūkaha ngā.

Na roto i te momo huriaro whakarōpū o rererangi i roto i te muri: wira, ski, waka topaki, crawler o, manu, ika whenua. Noatia, he rererangi ki huriaro moana te noa tino.

Na roto i te e wehea taimaha o te rererangi ki superlogkie, marama waka, rererangi reo-taimaha, taimaha, me te super taimaha.

E ai ki te maha o parirau i te aronga o te whakaiti ratou maha, kua wehea rererangi ki polyplane, triplane, biplanes, monoplanes me polutoraplany.

He he ano hoki te whakarōpū rite ki te rahi o te takere: kotahi-tēpilé, me te whānui-tinana.

momo Whakahaere whakarōpū rererangi wehea ki topu, me te unmanned waka irirangi.

Ka taea te wehea te āhua o te rererangi tango-atu katoa ki te kāwai e whai ake nei: poutū tango-atu, whakapae, me te poto.

kanorau

E matau ana tatou e ko te whakarōpū o ngā momo rererangi, momo, ingoa te uiui hoki. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, whakaatu reira he maha rawa nui o tauira ki ngā mahi rerekē, e whai ngā rawa rerekē. Ko tino pūkenga te ao o te rererangi, a kore e kotahi te arotake whakaahua katoa i runga i tona wahi.

Otiia, he whakaaro whānui, whakarato tatou i runga i tenei take e taea, te whakaahua i te manureva tino rongonui ngā i roto i te aamu. Types me ingoa, ahakoa to ratou tokomaha nui, tonu tino whakarite i te ara etahi, ki te whakamārama i te ngako o te kaupapa.