Ko te Duchy Grand o Warsaw (1807-1815 tau): History

vai Warsaw Duchy i te biennium 1807-1815. I hanga te reira e Napoleon, a ahakoa whakaaro ōkawa motuhake, i roto i te meka, ko te amiorangi o France. I roto i te take o te kaha i te Russian Bonaparte i haere ki te tahuri i te reira ki te kingitanga, engari haere, ara te hunga mahere. I muri wehea hinga o France i te whakauru Warsaw Duchy i waenganui i noho tata: Austria, Prussia ko Russia.

prehistory

I te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII i muri i te wawahanga o Rzeczpospolita i te mapi wahi o Poland e Prussia. kua tino kino Attitude o te taupori rohe ki nga mana Tiamana. I roto i te takiwa, i roto i Eastern Europe takaro te whakaari Polish i roto i roto i te uru o te Ao Tahito wahia te French Revolution. I maoro ki te mana, haere mai Napoleon ki Paris. arahina e ia te French ki te tahi atu monarchies Pākehā, e kite i te hinga o te riri Bourbons ki ratou ake oraraa. riro Napoleon he pakanga mo te pakanga. Pākehā i roto i te oneone i riro ia, whakaritea e ia he tikanga hou, ka whakapumautia wāteatea ā rite ki te hunga tata kua e puta i roto i France.

Na,, kua meinga hoki te amo, i noho i raro i te ioka o ture ke Bonaparte he tohu o te tumanako mō huringa tere. āwhina French tutaki e ngā māngai o te piha haapiiraa bourgeois. i tenei whakapono tona turanga, no te mea ko Napoleon i whawhai ki Prussia, i auraa e te whenua e rua i te hoariri noa. Ki nga mate o te monarchist whakakotahi ka mana'oo iwi hoki i roto i Poland kaha me te kaha. I roto i te tau 1806, ka tomo te ope a Napoleon mua.

hoatu French whenua Polish nohoia Napoleon i raro i te maru o te motuhake Komihana Kāwanatanga fakataimi. ka tona matenga Marshal Stanisław Małachowski. whai wāhi te mana hou i roto i ngā taputapu, me kai o ngā hōia Polish me Wīwī. I tua atu, whakakorea te Kōmihana te ture Prussia ka whakahoki te ture o mua i te wa o te Commonwealth.

hanganga o te Duchy

I roto i te 1807, i waenganui i France me ona hoariri i hainatia te Tiriti o Tilsit. E ai ki tenei tuhinga, i reira i motuhake o Prussia Duchy o Warsaw. Tenei āhua Polish hou ko whenua whakaritea ki nga Tiamana, rite ki ngā wāhanga II me III o te Commonwealth. Heoi, i mahue te Duchy i waho te putanga ki te moana Baltic. Tautohetia Białystok rohe, hoatu Napoleon te Russian I. Emperor Alexander

Ko te rohe o te kāwanatanga hou i hanga i 101,000 mita pūrua. km. ora te reira i 2.5 miriona te iwi. riro tūnga Motuhake Gdansk. riro ia te pa noa (rite ki te wā o te Tapu Patireia o Roma) i raro i te te tirotiro o te kawana French.

kaupapa Napoleon

Āwenewene hanga Duchy o Warsaw roa tau 8 anake tau. puta tenei wā i roto i te wā o te angitu nui o Napoleon i te Ao Whänui. O te akoranga, ahakoa te motuhake pohewa, kua tonu kua te Duchy o Warsaw te amiorangi o France, rite maha atu āhua hou motuhake i roto i Western Europe. Poland ko te Bastion rawhiti o te Napoleonic Empire. Ko tino nui tona uara e tika ana ki te taniwha, tata te pakanga ki a Russia. Ehara i te mea maere e i roto i 1812 te Duchy o Warsaw parekura nui. Tona ope, ka tono tangata ki a Russia, i reira i pā ana ki 100 mano iwi. mana te whenua o rite te puni hōia i whakapumautia e te meka i hoatu e Napoleon he wahi o te taonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia Polish e ona tianara Wīwī me kau ◊õfisa.

I roto i te Hōngongoi 1807 riro te Duchy Grand o Warsaw ona ake kaupapa ture. ka mau te hui hainatanga wahi i roto i Dresden. mohio te ture taketake hou te faufaa o te kai, me te tūranga tino o te rangatira Polish. Ko te kupu, riro te Duchy Grand o Warsaw maha ngā kaupapa ture eumiumi, rite whakaritea ki te whāngai i roto i te tahi atu āhua Pākehā i hanga e Napoleon.

nekehia emepera French i kaha i roto i Poland, nga Jacobins. Ko te putanga o tona wawaotanga e i roto i te Diet reira ko tetahi Tuhinga o whenua i roto i te manakohia o te hanahana, me te kāhui. Kua riro kaitōrangapū Polish matua Stanislav Potocki (Tiamana o te Kaunihera State), Feliks Lyubensky (Minita o te Ture), Tadeusz Matushevich (Minita o Pūtea) me Yuzef Ponyatovsky (kaiwhakahaere ope, me te minita o te whawhai).

mana

Ōkawa, ko te Duchy o Warsaw ko te arikitanga. tomo te reira i ki te uniana ki Saxony. Ko te kupu, ka te Duke te kawana o te kāwanatanga Tiamana o Frederick Augustus I. i te tika ki te whakatikatika i a fakalahi te Ture, kia whakatikatika ki te Sejm te ariki. Ko tonu ano ki te Kawanatanga ia.

a Diet kua rua ruma - te kaumatua me te whare Ambassadorial. Ko te tika tenei mana, kua riro ki te whakarerenga iho hītori tetahi kaha o te mana o te rangatira (hanahana). Ko reira ngā e contradicts te kaupapa ture Warsaw tetahi kaupapa ture Napoleonic (hei tauira te Westphalian me Naples) i roto i te tikanga e kaiwhakau reira te parau tumu o kahore whakamahi, ka whiriwhiri i te Pāremata.

whāngai maha ngā āhuatanga tūmatanui o te Duchy o Warsaw i roto i orurehau France. Nga kaiwhakawa kaumatua, te mau episekopo, me Castellan. i māngai katoa o ratou i roto i te ōrite ana ngā wehenga. Ko te kaumatua pērā Posolskaya whare, whakakiia rite ki ngā take ariki. Ko te korerorero (tāone) hui, tino waiwai mau i mo nga industrialists me kaipupuri whenua, e kore ko te rangatira.

He tauira o te pūnaha French i roto i te Duchy o Warsaw ko te Kaunihera o State. I haere te reira i te taha o te kuini. ngā ano i roto i te Kaunihera o Minita. ka whakatata tenei tinana ake pire ki te whakatau i nga tautohe i waenganui i nga mana whakahaere, me te ture. i mahi hoki i te Kaunihera o State mahi tohutohu i Duke.

Sejm

Ko te Diet kawenga mo nga takoha, taihara me te ture tivira. i roto i tona tiaki hoki ko moni o te Duchy o Warsaw. mana nui whānui o te ariki atu ki te ture mō ngā take whakahaere, me te tōrangapū. whakahaere hoki Duke pūtea. ture tauira i tuhituhia i roto i te Kaunihera State. Sejm taea anake paopao manako ratou ranei. I roto i tenei tinana o te mana kōmihana mahi, i whakaarohia ona ake whakatikatika ki te ture, engari i roto i tenei take, ko te kupu whakamutunga mo te Kaunihera o State.

I roto i te oraraa o te Diet e pā ana ki toru anake nga wa: i roto i te 1809, 1811 me te 1812. i faahiahia wātū Last. Ko reira ka e no te mea o te whakatau o te Sejm timata Pakanga II o te Ao ki te Duchy o Warsaw, i runga i te taha o Napoleon. Bonaparte, haere i roto i Poland, tīmataria e ia te e Fakataha o te wātū faahiahia. Ko reira ngā e i te wa ano i timata te French Emperor te tukanga o anō o te uniana ki Lithuania. mauiui ana Whanaungatanga Vilnius ko Warsaw ko Alexander I. i tamata te Emepara Russian ki riro i runga i Lithuanians i to ratou taha, te fafau ratou i te whakaoranga o te Duchy Grand. Kotahi ara ranei tetahi, engari he tauira hou o te Commonwealth kihai i tangohia e wahi. Ko te heke mai o te kore fakapapau'i kawenata o Poland, me te whawhai i waenganui i France ko Russia. Hono i te Duchy o Warsaw me te Congress o Vienna kua mahue i roto i te mua te whakaaro o te Polish-Lithuanian Union.

kāwanatanga

Duchy o te kāwanatanga ngā o 6 minita: roto, tika, te karakia, te pūtea, ngā pirihimana me te hōia. noho te reira i roto i Warsaw. I roto i tenei take, i ora te rangatira Saxon i Dresden. Hoki tenei take, i waenganui ia me te kāwanatanga, kua tonu kua he takawaenga. I tua atu, ka matapaki faaotiraa tino nui, e rua i roto i te kāinga, me te i roto i te kaupapa here ke, i mahue te kupu whakamutunga ki noho French.

Hoki, ngā mahi o te kāwanatanga i raro i te mana o te Kaunihera State. E kore e te minita whakawhirinaki i runga i te Sejm. tari ia i te kāwanatanga monokratnym. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, te nahanaha uiui i minita te ahua matua i roto i tona mara. i taea ki te wero i te whakatau o tona rangatira ana kaiwhakahaere. faufaa Special o manatü rerekē o pirihimana me take ā-. Ko ratou ki te mataara i runga i te tiaki o te tikanga i roto i te āhua. I roto i te āhuatanga ohotata, te minita o te pirihimana i taea e ara whakamahi ratou ake kaitiaki motuhake.

hapori

Āpiti atu ki te huringa tōrangapū kua homai te hanganga o te Duchy o Warsaw Poland te ture faufaa hou. E ai ki te Ture whāngai, i tohutohu nga parau tumu o te taurite o tangata katoa i te aroaro o te ture. Ahakoa kore te te wehenga ki ngā akomanga whakakorea, reira mārika i iti. Kua nga pōtitanga tuatahi ki te Sejm me hui korerorero whakakitea e i taea ki te tango noa i homai pōti ratou mana nga tangata (tutua).

Heoi, i roto i te 1808 i haere te tikanga, he kaha patu ki te tūranga o te Hurai. Ratou poto (mo 10 tau) kua iti ki tika ture. I raro i nga ture hou, i ki te ui mo te whakaaetanga e pā ana hoki te marena i te Hurai. i tukua noatia atu te taupori Hurai i te whawhai herea, engari hei utu, tana tuhituhia kaha.

Ka rite ki i roto i te maha atu whenua Pākehā, he mea nui ki te noho pātai kaiahuwhenua manawanui. I hanga te Duchy o Warsaw i Poland, ka reira vai tonu serfdom. whakakahoretia te kāwanatanga hou i te fakafalala feudal o te käinga. Heoi, kaimahi kua mau i tangohia o whenua e noho mo te rangatira. Reform, me te kore taea te whakatinana reira tae noa ki te mutunga. meinga tamau pakanga Napoleonic whakatakoto ana te whakangaromanga, me te impoverishment pāmu. Ko te pakanga i waenganui i nga peasants me rangatira ki te whakapiki ake i anake ia tau.

Ko te wikitoria mo Austria

Te neke i roto i te ara o te kaupapa here a Napoleon, haere te Duchy o Warsaw ki te pakanga mooni ki nga hoariri o te kingi French. I te tau 1809 ka timata War o te Fifth Coalition. I tenei wa, kei te fehangahangai France me ona hoa ki Austria, Britain, Sicily me Sardinia. Te nuinga o nga ope Polish piri te ope o Bonaparte. Te Duchy noho tinana Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo (e pā ana ki 14 mano iwi). patua te ope Austria Saxony me te Duchy o Warsaw, au ra nei i roto i te take o te mararatanga o ope a Napoleon ngāwari taonga.

I roto i te Poland whakaekea reira ope 36000th. April 19, 1908 ka mau wahi te whawhai whakatakotoria - pakanga o raszyn. Amo whakahau e Yuzef Ponyatovsky, nga Austrians - Archduke Ferdinand Karl. puta te tutukinga i runga i marshland taratara. whawhai pakeke amo, engari hopea taui. i hohoro faaue Warsaw. Heoi, ko te tahuri whānui i roto i te whawhai whakakotahitanga tuarima hoki patua hoki nga Austrians. he torutoru wiki anake counterattacked nga amo, ka hoki te rohe katoa tangohia atu a, i roto i te tua, ka mau Sandomierz, Lublin, Lviv ko Krakow. I te mutunga o te whawhai, kia rite ki te rangimarie tiriti, Warsaw Duchy ki Annex uru Galicia, ko te kupu nui haere nga wa i te hawhe tona rohe.

Ko te whawhai ki a Russia

I te pakarutanga o te pakanga i waenganui o France ko Russia, tahuri te Duchy o Warsaw (1807-1813) i roto i ki te waiho i te moka i waenganui i nga hoariri matua e rua. I roto i Pipiri 1812 te Seimas, whakaminenga i Warsaw, faaoti ki te tango i te taha o Napoleon. hinga Emperor o te pakanga French i roto i Russia. Haere i runga i te rawhiti ki te ope hawhe-miriona, ka hoki ia ki tona kāinga ki te maha mano rangatira kanukanu, me te hiakai.

auraa hinga o Napoleon te mutunga wawe, e i tatari mo te Duchy Grand o Warsaw. horahia te whawhai ki nga whenua Polish. January 1, 1813 e toru tīwae raro Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov whiti te rohe awa Neman ka ahu ki Polotsk. Te Duchy e tenei wa ko te torutoru hōia Polish me Saxon, kihai i taea e ki te tu atu i te nekehanga i riro ope Russian nei. I roto i Poland, timata mutu tona pakanga ke rongonui te tango o Paris.

January 27 i tangohia ata Warsaw. I roto i te meka, mutu te duchy ki te tīariari. Wāhanga o te amo, Heoi, noho pono ki a Napoleon. 15000th Corps i raro i te whakahau i mahue Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo Austria i te tumanako e tonu riro te Wīwī Russian a ka kia whakahokia motuhake o te kāwanatanga. I roto i Poland, whakakeke anake wae French e tu i runga i te Vistula. Heoi, e kore i taea e ratou mutu te hoariri - ka mea te tiaraa amui ore o Austria ko Prussia, e faaoti ki te unu i i te pakanga.

Tuhinga

A, no te tukua e Napoleon te hinga whakamutunga, tutaki nga mana wikitoria i roto i Vienna roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te heke mai o te Ao Tahito. redrew te French Emperor rohe katoa i roto i te fenua Pākehā - i teie nei i te tahi atu piriniha i ki disentangle tenei takirimatia te tōrangapū. I roto i te wahi tuatahi, whakahaeretia reira tetahi tataitia o Poland. coexisted reira ki mana e toru kaha (Austria, Prussia ko Russia) kei kore hiahia i roto i tona oraraa.

Mei 3, 1815, kia rite ki te whakatau o te Congress o Vienna, i roto i Eastern Europe whakapumautia rohe hou. He ko he arai o Poland - i whakakorea Warsaw Duchy. Krakow, he wahi mua o reira, i karangatia tetahi pa noa ki te pūnaha tōrangapū Republican. I roto i tenei hōputu vai te reira tae noa ki 1846.

Te nuinga o te Duchy o Warsaw ka te wahi o Russia. I karangatia te Emperor Alexander i te kingi Polish. rohe New whakaaetia ia mana motuhake me te kaupapa ture ohaoha. Ko te kupu, ahakoa te Duchy o Warsaw ko te wahi o Russia, ora ona Maori nui eumiumi mau Russian. whakakahoretia whenua Western te āhua i hoatu ki a mua. hanga e ratou he kawanatanga Tiamana hou - te Duchy Grand o Poznan.