Ko te hītori, me te ariā o te Caricature: he aha te mea Caricature puāwaitanga me te nāianei?

Caricature (whakamaoritia i Italian) te tikanga he faarahiraa. Katia ki reira i te momo ko te Caricature, te grotesque me te kiri.

Cartoons: he aha te mea te reira?

Kei te huri tonu Art, i reira e hou, me te hou i roto i tona āhua. Caricature - Ko reira rawa he peita momo roa-tu. mohio hītori Art rua o nga ariā tino taketake, e taea te whakaahua i te momo:

1. He pikitia arearea i roto i i tutuki i te pānga rerekē e tikanga o te faarahiraa, me te whakakoi i te āhuatanga taketake, me te whakamahi o te rerekē toi tikanga, kupu whakarite me faaauraa.

2. whakairoiro Tūmomo, i roto i te ara Sapphire kumea, tōrangapū, ngā hītori pāpori nui ranei whakaahua i te tetahi momo o te iwi.

Ka riro te whakahoki ki te pātai: "Cartoons - e ko," ka kia tino ngā ki mohio te hītori, me te takenga mai o tenei aronga toi. A ahu i te reira roa mua.

whakaaro Caricature mai nga wa onamata ko te ara tino whai hua ki te hanga pārekareka o tona tāwhai, miramira ona mau paruparu. I tua atu, whakaata reira nga raruraru tūturu o te hapori.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e kaha kinongia te Hiha Napoleon Bonaparte pakiwaituhi French e fakafofonga'i ia rite te papaka i roto i te pōtae nui e toru-marae a. Mikhail Kutuzov rangatira i roto i te tino o te hōia noa whakahau te hanga o te āhuatanga motuhake o te kaimahi whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o tuhi, ka taunu ki Kohikana.

Pakiwaituhi i roto i mua-orurehau Russia

I roto i to tatou whenua, kua ngā tae mai nga ngā hou katoa i Europe. I roto i te rau tau 19 ka maheni kāhui Russian ki te momo o te toi, rite Caricature French. i rawa tata tuituia te whanaketanga o tenei momo ki nūpepa. Tuatahi whakaputaina i roto i te nūpepa tuhinga rorirori, a raro ratou tapiritia whakamārama o te mea kua whakaaturia i roto i te pakiwaituhi. I muri mai ngaro te hiahia mō ngā waitohu. Kei te whiwhi tuhi technique pai me te hiahiatia kore ki te whakaahua atu he aha te tikanga e waha ana i te reira. Heoi, faaohipa te aukatinga tsarist mana tino ki runga i te whanaketanga pakiwaituhi. He aha te mea te tirotiro i te mana, ki kahore he take whakamārama. Tetahi whakapakoko e whakawetiweti bureaucrats i te tikanga tōrangapū, e kore e whakaaetia ki te tā. Heoi, ko ahea kua te whanaketanga o pakiwaituhi rite te momo. Ko te whakapakoko tino stinging ka haere i te ringa ki te ringa, a tae noa peitatia.

Otiia whakawhanakehia hoki te pā he Caricature. He maha pukapuka nui mawehe atu tari arearea whārangi katoa. Nuinga o ngā wā e kore caricatures i pā i te raruraru pāpori, me te tōrangapū te pēhi, ka māngai toi kāore, kaihoko iti me bureaucrats tahae. He kua hoki pakiwaituhi rawa rongonui me e riro ahua kawekawe korero mangere maha i kahore he kiko. Na, caricatures o wahine takahuri i roto i porowhita mahi, i kawea mai te rota whakamutunga o ngā wheako.

I roto i haere mai i te waenganui o te rau tau 19 te pūhohe tuatahi Russian moheni "tìrango i" i te whare whakaputa o te artist rongonui Nevakhovich, i te mea maha hanga ano nga tānga mō ruma.

He pakiwaituhi i roto i te USSR

I roto i te Soviet Union i subordinated ao katoa o te ora, tae atu ki te toi, ki tetahi whāinga - ki te whawhai ki te hoariri waho, moni, me utu morare o te hanga hapori. ka te kaupapa matua mō ngā pakiwaituhi haurangi, mangere, te pirinoatanga, hooliganism. Kei te mau manuki'i makasini rongonui me niupepa enei huru maitatai. Ko, pera i roto i tetahi tikanga totalitarian, i reira ko me te aronga o te pakiwaituhi raro. He aha te tūkino o te mana, te aukatinga, te arbitrariness o rangatira rohe me te huru tia ore o te pūnaha tōrangapū hou - ko te pātai e kua tamata toi ki te whakahoki kupu ki te awhina o tānga waihā enei.

pakiwaituhi hou

I muri hinga te Soviet Union, kore e tika me katoa-i roto i te aukatinga. Na kua whakatuwheratia tata nga aho katoa. Otiia i pakiwaituhi tōrangapū te tino rongonui. Caricatures o rangatira hou me tau tūmatanui kua ki tonu i roto i nga mea katoa i te pāpāho. Rawa aroha o toi image piro Vladimira Zhirinovskogo. kumea ana hoki pakiwaituhi mō kaupapa hou: kaimahi kino, oligarchs, whakaaro hou i runga i te pakanga tōrangapū. Na e taea te ratou kitea i runga i te Ipurangi.

pakiwaituhi Museum

momo katoa o te toi tika ki te horo'ai tona whakaaturanga takitahi. Na, whakatuwheratia "te Merry arawhata" taonga o te wairua nēnene i roto i Voronezh i 2011. Ko tōna kaiwhakarewa ko he pakiwaituhi rongonui Ivan Anchukov. I roto i te whare taonga i reira he whakaaturanga tūturu, me te taiepa i runga i nei ki te tuu i to ratou mahi katoa taitamariki, me te pūmanawa toi. I roto i te heke mai, mahere I. Anchukov ki te whakatuwhera i te pakiwaituhi kura. ka rite manuhiri Museum nga pūranga, e mau peita i wā rerekē, pānui, tohu ara arearea, T-hāte, me te t-hate ki pikitia rorirori, kāri mihi rorirori, me te huahua o te kaituhi ahurei. ka hapu Museum Kaihanga, ka whakatinana te chessboard taketake ki te Caricature runga reira.