Ko te New Silk Road: ara, kaupapa, haputanga

Kua tahuri te reira te rua tekau tau whakamutunga o te tupu o te öhanga tere i roto i te Haina ki te superpower. Ki te taeraa mai o te kaiārahi hou arahina e Xi Jinping, mutu China huna ona hiahia kaupapa here ke. Ko te kaupapa i runga i hanganga o te New Silk Road - ko te hokohoko atu arorau o te kaupapa here o Haina i roto i nga tau tata nei. Kua oti tangohia nga takahanga tuatahi mo te whakatutukitanga o moe: whakarato rauemi pūtea, mahi atu whakaaetanga ki whenua matua. He torutoru hoariri i roto i nga mana nui ao te mahere. Te whakahaere i te kaupapa, ka whakatau China kore anake te maha o ngā raruraru ā-, engari ano hoki pā te pikitia ohaoha ao o te ao. ka pehea te New Silk Road?

mahere rahi

E kore e pera i mua, kua tautuhi Minita Foreign Wang Yi te ariā o te kaupapa here ke o Haina o "Kotahi Belt - kotahi moe", rite ki nei te hanga whakaritea o te New Silk Road i Ahia ki Ūropi. I roto i te tīmatanga o 2014, te aroaro te upoko o Haina Xi Jinping he mahere mo te hanganga o te Silk Road. tūmanakohia ana te kaupapa kei te ki te whakaputa i te he rohe ōhanga kotahi nui, arā, o te hanganga i roto i nga whenua maha. New Silk Road haere i roto i Central Asia, Russia, Peraruhia, Europe. ka puta te moana ara i roto i te Persian Gulf, te moana, me te Indian Ocean. whakaaro matou i te kōwhiringa ki te ara o te whenua African.

Kei te haere Haina ki te haumi i roto i te kaupapa neke atu i 40 piriona tāra i te tahua motuhake. $ 50 piriona tohaina kua hoki te Āhia Development Bank. Ka haumi te moni i roto i te hanga o rerewē, tauranga, me te tahi atu whakaurunga, te whanaketanga o whanaunga i waenganui i nga whenua whai wāhi. whakamoemiti Rauemi Wantchinatimes haumi katoa o Haina i roto i 22 trillion.

Kua whakamātau ki te whakahauora i te Silk Road kua tangohia Europe me te US. te karangatanga a China ki tenei whakaaro i roto i te iti rawa, engari mahi atu he rota ki te whakatinana i te reira. Ngā mihi ki te tikanga pūtea faahiahia me "fakaaoao ōhanga ngohengohe" ka e taea ki te hanga i te tauwhiro haumaru, ki te whakamahi i te whenua maha. I teie mahana, Kei te kaha te matapaki China kaupapa hanganga hanga ki te whenua whai wāhi. Ka kaupapa More motuhake o te Silk Road hou, me te putanga o ngā whiriwhiringa e tautohetia ana e kauwhautia i roto i te mutunga o Maehe i te Boao Forum (tonga kawanatanga Chinese o Hainan).

Ko te ariā o te Silk Road

I teie mahana, kaiwhakawhiwhi China te mākete o mihini, taputapu, hiko me ngā hua nui-tech ao. rārangi High-tere i roto i te roa (16 000 km), te whenua kī tuatahi i roto i te ao. Ko te tawhito Silk Road i anake te kauhanga roa waka Hainamana. I teie mahana China ta whakatū o tētahi wāhi ōhanga ao.

Ko te kaupapa ki te whakakotahi i te "rohe ōhanga" me te «XXI Century Maritime Silk Road" Kei te kawea i roto i roto i te anga o "Kotahi Belt - kotahi ara" hōtaka. Ko te ariā o te New Silk Road ko te whakatinanatanga o te mahere ki te awhina o ngā huānga kōtuitui o e rima:

• hanganga kotahi;
• ōritetanga tōrangapū;
• rerenga moni me te pūtea;
• whanaunga hokohoko;
• kōrero fakaetangatá.

I tenei kaupapa, me te neke tahi tonu, whakarei whakawhirinaki tahi i waenganui i te whenua ki te whakawhanake i kōmitimiti ōhanga me te kātakí ahurea. whakaritea te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa rite te katoa i runga i toru ara:

• "China - Central Asia - Russia - Europe".
• "China - Central me Te Hau-ā-uru Asia".
• "China - Tonga Asia - Tonga Asia".

New Silk Road. ara

Ko te āwhata o te kaupapa e faahiahia i roto i ngā o te haumi e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te geography. Kei te wehea te katoa "ara" ki e rua ara (i te whenua, me te te moana). tīmata Whenua i roto i Xi'an (Shaanxi Province), haere i roto i te katoa o Haina, kia waiho ki te pa o Urumqi, nga ripeka ko nga whenua o Central Asia, Iran, Iraq, Hiria, Turkey. I tua atu, i roto i te Bosphorus ki kia i Eastern Europe, i roto i Russia. New Silk Road, he ara e ka haere i roto i te maha o ngā whenua Pākehā puta i Rotterdam ki Itari.

tīmata kore ara moana iti grandiose i te pa o Quanzhou (Préfecture Fuztsyan), kia waiho ai i roto i te pa nui te tonga, i roto i te Malacca Raukawa, haere mai ki Kuala Lumpur. Whiti te Indian Ocean, kua mutu i roto i Calcutta (Inia), Colombo (Sri Lanka), nga Maldives, mai ki Nairobi (Kenya). Next, te ara haere i roto i te Moana Whero Djibouti roto i te Suez ki kia Athens (Greece) i roto i te Venice (Italy) me hanumi ki te whenua e Silk.

raruraru Economic "ara"

Ka rite ki te tāwāhi nui rawa, ko China nuinga awe e te ōhanga o te ao. E ai ki ngā matapae, i roto i te anga o te Silk Road tūmanakohia te 21 trillion tara rerekē haere ia tau, e kia whakapiki ake i te wahi o Haina i roto i GDP ao ki te 50%.

E tika ana e te New Silk Road, te hanga o te mea kua tīmata, ka anga te rere o tāwāhi o taonga, me te whakapaipai i roto i te rohe noho noa tata muri hokohoko ao. I roto i te tekau tau tata nei, kei te kaha ngätahi Haina ki te whenua Āhia. Investments tohaina ki kamupene kāwanatanga-fatuhia Hainamana kei roto i nga whenua whakawhanake tokomaha, tata anake te taea ki te mau tonu motuhake i roto i te mana nui.

Mai i te wāhi ōhanga o te tirohanga, te moni o te kaupapa mō te Haina, ko te ki te whakaiti i logistics utu. Hoki nga whenua mema o te Silk Road - i roto i te kukume moni atu. He tauira o taua mahi i runga i te pūtake o te haumi o Haina he kaupapa iHavan i te Maldives (i roto i te heke mai, ko tetahi o nga ngā tino nui i runga i te moana mahere Silk Road).

mau tamataraa rohe

e kore te mea o te āhua pono ōhanga aroaro o Haina i roto i Central Asia ko Africa. I te taumata rohe mo te PRC tonu te pūmautanga tōrangapū, me te ōhanga matua o te rohe rohe: Te Tai Rāwhiti, Central ko Tonga Asia. Ko te arai matua ki te horapa o te āhuatanga ōhanga Hainamana kua meinga te take o "China riri." Whakaititia te riri ki "kahore" whakaritea te ki te awhina o "mana ngohengohe" rautaki, whakakaha i te mana ahurea o Haina. Ko te tokomaha o ngā ākonga i roto i te rohe o Āhia, ngā ākonga i roto i ngā whare wānanga Hainamana, whakaata te tohu o kătahi o te ahurea Hainamana.

Tei haumaru pūngao o Haina i runga i tona mana o moana, me te uta Silk Road. Ka rite ki haria nui rawa o te ao o te pūngao, ko te 100% ti'aturi i runga i kai moana Haina. Kei te tonu riri "rāhui hinu" iri i runga i te mana. US whakamahia tēnei rauhanga i ki Hapani i mua i te whawhai.

ka kawea huihuia New Silk Road whenua maha, tae atu i te hoariri US (Russia, Pakistan, Iran). States rōpū ki te ara e taea e te kaha tōrangapū taimaha. mahi nui e pā ana ki te hanganga o te Silk Road, ko ki te tiaki i haumi Hainamana. Na roto i ngā tūemi hokohoko e whakahaeretia ana e te PRC, e taea te mohio te reira arumoni kore anake, engari ano hoki mau opuaraa anti-kaiwhakatuma. Mai i te wā wa ki puta te kōrero i roto i te pāpāho e pā ana ki te whakahaere o ngā whiriwhiringa ki te whakatū i te whatunga Chinese o turanga hōia "string o peara" i roto i te Indian Ocean.

pānga Kaupapa runga i te tōrangapū ā-o Haina

Kua riro kaupapa ao Meiha he matua, a i roto i te tōrangapū ā-o Haina. Ka āwhina i New Silk Road whakatau he maha o ngā raruraru ā-.

1. Pro-Chinese wa ōhanga ko te kaupapa haumi pai ki te hoki nui i runga i haumi me te wā roa painga.
2. E haere ana i te China Western, ka whai wāhi te whitiki ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te whanaketanga pāhiwihiwi o te whenua, tuitui ahurea me te ōhanga o te rohe ki te hauauru.
3. Construction o whakaurunga hanganga - he puna o ngā mahi hou mo te kāwanatanga o nga kamupene PRC e whai he rauemi tangata mārō.

Central Asia ko Russia

He nui hoki pera tauwhiro o China Russia ko Central Asia, te whakakotahi i te Te Tai Rāwhiti me te Te Hau-ā-uru. I teie mahana, China - he wheketere ao. Ko te whakaaro mo te whakamahi o Central Asia i roto i te ngākau nuitanga o te ōhanga, i whakaaro ratou ake ake mai hinga te Soviet Union. Na ka anga te mahi pūnahanaha i roto i tenei aronga: te Shanghai mahi tahi Organization, te whakatairanga i te pātai o te mahi tahi ōhanga. Ko mea nui e kore anake ki hāngai te āhuatanga ōhanga motu, engari ano hoki ki te faaineine i te kauhanga roa ki Europa i roto i Central Asia ko Russia.

E kore e pera nui, te wahi e tangohia ai wahi te New Silk Road: i roto i tetahi take e waiho hei-tauine nui "ruru-ake" o te hanganga Āhia Central, me te tino whakarei utanga waka i China. Ko te angitu o te tātai o te whakakotahitanga me te pūmautanga, taea anake i runga i te Silk Road, kua kï mua. Coups, pakanga i waenganui i nga iwi i arahina ia ki te tata, me te whakatere - ki te kore o te tono. whakamātau muri ki te tīmata anō te ara, kahore feohi i te taumata-rohe, ranei ki te kahore he pai.

Kua tonu kua Central Ahia he poi o ngā ngākau nuitanga Russian. Pūtahitanga o Haina me te Federation Russian - he pātai kaua uaua. Ehara i te mea mārama, rite te pānga Silk Road runga i te Customs Union me te SCO. Tei nui i runga i te tūranga o katatānga, he pokapū rohe o Central Asia.

tūranga o Russia i te kaupapa

I runga i te tawhito Silk Road, ko China anake te kaitukurawa. ara hou i tona mua, e kitea ïa e te hiahia mō te kōmitimiti. I te mau a'oraa i roto i Moscow, ki te wa tuatahi kua patua ana China Russia whakamahi hanganga kauhanga ōhanga mō ngā take tauhokohoko. Te āhua Russia ki te whai wāhi ki te tauranga i runga i te New Silk Road, a ka whai wāhi i roto i te tauwhiro o taonga. O te akoranga, te ara China solves tetahi o nga mahi tino nui - ki te hoatu whanaketanga ki te whanaketanga me te whakauru i roto i te ōhanga ao o te rohe ki te hauauru.

Russia i runga i te New Silk Road tae noa puta hoa anake, kaiwhakarato o ngā rauemi mata, tauwhiro. Hoki te whanaketanga o te "ara" titau te rautaki katoa. e kore te mea nui Kāwanatanga, mahere rangatōpū hoki kamupene takitahi, Me he kotahi mahere rautaki. Ngā mihi ki a Haina i hanga e te whakapakoko pai o te kaupapa, engari nga mea tino kore nui pai mō te Russia.

I muri i te parariraa o te USSR, kua haere matou i Central Asia, me ki te whakaoti rapanga ā-. Haina ki whakauru whakapumautia te Shanghai mahi tahi Organization. wehi o Haina nga āhua Small, na ko haumarutanga i runga i te rārangi take. whakaarahia China take ohaoha e pā ana ki te hokohoko free, tuwhera rohe. e waiho SCO he monopolist i te rohe, ki te kahore te hanganga o te Eurasian Economic Union, i whakakitea e kua te pai ai, me te rautaki mahere mo Central Asia Russia. I teie mahana, te SCO me te EAEC he anake te kaupapa i roto i Central Asia, me te tuarua atu opuaraa mo te whanaketanga, kia Haina he ki te whiriwhiri.

ua faaite Xi Jinping maha ngā tono mo te whakakotahitanga o te rohe ōhanga heke mai, me te EAEC. I tautoko te whakaaro e Vladimir Putin. Ko te peresideni o te whakaaro e kaupapa e rua tahi e waiho hei hiringa kaha mō te mahi ohaoha i roto i te rohe o Eurasia. Ka hāngai kaupapa ngā i runga i te SCO, ano nei hopoi mai China he tūranga ārahi.

Tuhinga Tauira i roto i Russia

Ka whai wāhi New Silk Road kaupapa ki te whakanui ake i hokohoko me te whanaketanga o ona ake e rua whenua, me te transportation moana whatunga o Russia. Ki te mahi i tenei, te hanga i tētahi hanganga haumi. I teie mahana, te kāwanatanga Russian e whakaora i te pūtea, tae atu ki ngā motu hoki nga moni tohaina mo te hanga.

Russia o hono i te ara rite tei te katoa i runga i te tohu o te whanaketanga o te hanganga rerewhenua motu. I whakaritea te reira e te Silk Road hou i roto i Russia ka haere ki te Middle, Urals Southern me te wāhi rohe raki, te wahi i reira ko te hanga o te ara latitudinal Northern. Ko te taea o te whakawhānui i te rārangi i roto i te raina o "Midnight - Ob" ki katatānga me Haina. taea te integrated Severnyy Ural ki te "ara" i te moana i te whenua ranei, engari anake ki te whakatutuki i te tikanga mō te ao hou, w / d kupenga.

Transport Minita Sokolov, whakaarahia he pātai i pā ana ki te ao hou, o Bam me te Trans-Siberian Railway, e e hanga he-tere tiketike w / d huanui "Moscow - Beijing", engari e kore e te te moni tūmanakohia. I roto i te 2015, kia rite ki te mahere, ko te Trans-Siberian me Baikal-Amur Mainline pūtea ki te kore iti iho i te 21 piriona moni., I roto i te meka, tohaina 16 piriona.

paopao tahi e taha o whakaurua o kōwhiringa i roto i te New Silk Road a Russia ki te whakamutunga o te kaupapa i runga i hanga o te tauranga Crimean. Crimea taea riro te turanga hokohoko rautaki me te wāhi hou o te ara hokohoko karanga ki Europe. Silk Road runga whenua i roto i tetahi take e haere i roto i tetahi o nga whenua Pākehā, kei hea he mea ohie ki te whakapataritari i te huringa o te kaha, me te tauwhiro maukati. Hei tauira, mutu rere Southern i Bulgaria. Te wātea o te turanga arumoni i Crimea ka tukua ki te anga i te rere o taonga i roto i tetahi whenua.

New Silk Road ki te hipa Russia

ua faaite Ukraine tona hiahia ki te tango i tetahi wahi i roto i te kaupapa "Silk Road" hei takawaenga mo te utanga i Haina ki Europe. E ai ki a Mikheil Saakashvili, he nui ake pai ki te kia tonoa ki te taulanga Ilyichevsk rite logistics i roto i te mea kaua e nui ake 9 ra, a i roto i Russia rerenga hokohoko - 30 ra. I whakanuitia Saakashvili e he tīmata kē te mahi i runga i te hanganga o rori i roto i te EU, i roto i te wahapū Dniester kei te hanga i te piriti nui.

Haina kua kē nui whakatu i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te kē taketake o te ara: Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey. Mai i China, bypassing te rohe o Russia ka haere mai te tereina Nomadexpress ipu whakamātautau, te 3500 km whakamutunga i roto i nga ra e rima - i roto i katatānga, te Moana o Kapiana ki te teihana Kishly (e tata ana Baku). Ko te ara tuarua o te New Silk Road haere i roto i Iran, te tuatoru (i runga i te rohe o Russia ki Moscou me St. Petersburg) he tonu i raro i kōrero. Ko atu pai te ara whakamutunga: ko reira poto atu i te tahi atu e rua. I tua atu, e ngā Russia, Peraruhia ko Kazakhstan i te EAEC. I faatiti'aifarohia te pātai o te whai wāhitanga Russian i roto i te kaupapa i te wa roa, hainatia te whakapuakitanga o te kawenata i roto i Haratua 2015.

Kōwhiringa ki "motuhake" Haina whakaaro manakohia reira. ka mea te karere Hainamana e he pai ki te haumi $ 20 piriona i roto i te hanganga o Ukraine tahatika Hainamana. 'Oku' uhinga tenei e reira ko he Silk Road hou ki te hipa i te rohe o te Russian Federation? tatari tatou ka kite. E mea papû e te whakaaro China rave rahi kōwhiringa ara, pera i roto i te mua.

Aronga "Katatānga - Federation Russian - e kore kua Peraruhia 'tino painga ki a Haina, ko Russia piri te" New Silk Road "ariā me ki te paruru i to ratou ake ngākau nuitanga e pā ana ki te EAEC. Ko tino watea hoki te whakahaere o te waka Ukraine, engari ehara i te mea e tika ana mō haumi nui no o tona tapepe. kēmu o Haina ki "Square" haapuai tūranga o Haina i roto i te whiriwhiringa me te Russian Federation. O te akoranga, te ara "Kazan - Moscow - St Petersburg ..." ka ki runga ki te Silk Road kia kōrero.