Ko te papatipu titiwha o te hāora. He aha te mea te papatipu titiwha o te hāora?

Ngota o ngā huānga me pūhui rāpoi ngota whakaatu papatipu iti. Hei ako i te whanaunga ine, motuhake ki tauhohe matū, te whakamahi i te maha inenga ā-. Ko tētahi o ratou - te papatipu titiwha, e taea te tatau mo te ngota, katote me ngā rāpoi ngota. Ko tētahi o nga mea timatanga tino nui i runga i te whenua - hāora, me tona whai wāhitanga puta, he maha tauhohe me ngā tukanga. Hei mahi i te tātai rite ki nga tātai o pūhui whakamahia whārite tauhohenga papatipu titiwha o te hāora, i te mea numera rite ki tona taimaha o te ngota rāpoi ngota ranei whanaunga.

hāora

ngā mōhiohio whānui e pā ana te hāora (huānga matū)

• ingoa Latin - Oxygenium;
• tohu matū - e;
• rongoa i roto i te wahi o runga 16 o te rōpū tuatahi (i mua - rōpū VI A) o te ripanga pūmotu;
• Te reira i kei roto i te wā tuarua i muri i tonu hauota i mua i köwhai;
• E pā ana te reira ki te chalcogen whānau;
• tau huānga i roto i te ripanga pūmotu me tona tiaki o te karihi o te ngota - 8.

Hāora ko tetahi o nga wae o te kōhauhau hoki te wa roa e kore i taea e mavahe i roto i te puka parakore. Gas huaina te "te ora-foaki", "te elixir o te ora." Whakanui wehea te whakatuwheratanga o te hāora e i waenganui i nga pūtaiao ao-mohiotia: K. Scheele, J. Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier .. Ko te wā "hāora" Lavoisier whakaarohia, e hāngai ana i runga i te tūranga nui o te taonga, ona ngota i te hanganga o waikura me waikawa.

Me pēhea te ki te kitea te papatipu titiwha o te huānga taonga ranei?

A, no te raveraa i tātai matū e tika ana ki te mohio te papatipu whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe o ngā ngota me ngā rāpoi ngota o te matū. Ko e iti rawa ratou, e fakafaingata'a'ia'i te whakamahi o taua waeine, kia rite ki karamu me kirokaramu. I kitea te otinga: tapaea atu uara e ngā tātaitanga. Hei tauira, i roto i te matū uara e whanaunga papatipu ngota, me te rāpoi. Kua te papatipu ngota whanaunga (Ara) rite te rahinga tinana kua whakaurua i roto i te tau 1961. He rite ki te 1/12 te papatipu o te ngota waro (te kanoirite ¹² C) Ko tōna uara.

Hei te mahi tātaitanga whakamahi tātai me whārite ki te whakamahi o tenei me ētahi atu uara Me ki mahara i te torutoru ture:

1. Kei ngota Mass i roto i te pūnaha wā taha tohu matū. Ko te papatipu titiwha kua te uara ā-tau taua engari ki nga wae g / mol.
2. Taumaha o takoto te kotahi kamiriona o te taonga i te tātai o te pūhui ko mo e te moni o te papatipu titiwha o matūriki katoa i roto i te rāpoi ngota.
3. Ki te ko te tātai matū he taupū tohu i te maha o ngā waeine hanganga, he mea e tika ana ki te tini i te papatipu titiwha o tenei whakarea.

taimaha o te hāora Atomic me rāpoi

Ko te papatipu ngota whiwhi o te hāora e hāngai i runga i te maha me te tohatoha o toru o ona kanoirite tūturu: Ar (G) = 15,999 (i roto i te e m ...). I roto i te tātai, ko te nuinga o häunga tenei uara, tahuri 16. hoki ia huānga o tona taimaha ngota - tamau. Mai i te taimaha o ngā ngota o te huānga ki tau ngota 8 mohiotia taea te kitea e te papatipu titiwha o huānga hāora. M (e) = 16. Ko tētahi atu rahinga tinana rahikore - te taimaha o te hāora rāpoi - e pā ana ki te taonga ohie. Tātaihia te papatipu o te hāora rāpoi ngota, mā te whakanuia te taimaha o te ngota i runga i te whakarea stoichiometric i roto i te tātai: Mr (e ₂₎ = Ara ^(G). 2 = ^16. 2 = 32. I roto i te mahi, i reira he kahore he take ki te feruri i roto i te mea i te papatipu titiwha o te hāora, no te mea he tatau rite ki te taimaha o ngā rāpoi ngota o te taonga, engari ki te wae o te inenga o te g / kamiriona tona uara. Hoki te pūhui ngā he he tamau tona taimaha rāpoi, Kei te whānui whakamahia ki te tātai i te nui me te papatipu o te taonga.

nui o te taonga

I roto i te matū, mo te haratau o tātaitanga, whakamahia e te reira tetahi o nga inenga ā tino nui - te nui o te taonga. E pā ana te reira i kore ki te taimaha, a ki te maha o ngā wae hanganga. Ko te wae o te ine o te nui o te taonga i roto i te International Pūnaha (SI) riro 1 mol. E matau ana hoki 1 mol ngā taua matūriki rite e roto i roto i te 12 g o te waro kanoirite ¹² C taea te tātai maha o ngota, rāpoi, katote, irahiko i roto i roto i te wahi whakamātautau o tetahi taonga. ingoa tētahi atu tamau i muri i te pūtaiao nui Italian Avogadro (denoted N _A), ko ia te maha o matūriki hanganga i kei roto i te taonga rahinga ki te - 1 mol. Ko te uara ā-tau o te aumou Avogadro - ^6,02. Nuku ²³ 1 / kamiriona. Ko reira te maha o te ngota (ngā rāpoi, katote) he papatipu titiwha. Ti'araa o te inenga ā-- M wae - 1 g / mol, mo te tātai tātaitanga - M = m / n (m - taimaha (g), n - nui o taonga (kamiriona)).

He aha te mea te papatipu titiwha o te hāora

I roto i te mahi, i reira he kahore he take ki te whakamahi i te tātai M = m / n ki te tātai i te papatipu titiwha o te hāora. I roto i te whakaoti rapanga e hiahiatia te ki te whakatau i te nuinga, he aha te mea te papatipu, ki te kitea he maha o ngā matū ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi e whakamahia mō te tātaitanga tātai m = ^n. M, i roto i te tuarua - n = m / M. Ko te uara ā-tau o te papatipu titiwha rite ki te ngota huānga papatipu, me mo te taonga - rāpoi ngota. Hei tauira, te papatipu o 16 g ko 1 kamiriona o huānga hāora. M (e ₂₎ - te papatipu titiwha o te rāpoi ngota hāora, i te mea e rite ana ki te 32 g / kamiriona.

Ko te papatipu titiwha o te hāora ōrite

Huaina ōrite nui rite te taimaha o te 1 mol o ngota monovalent o tetahi huānga. I roto i te whānui, e taea te whakaritea te taimaha ōrite mā te wehewehe i te papatipu titiwha o ngā ngota o huānga matū i tona valency, kitea e te tātai o te pūhui ngā. I roto i te nuinga o ona pūhui hāora rite matū-huānga chalcogen he divalent. Ka taea te kitea papatipu titiwha o hāora i runga i te taka pūmotu, tona uara porotaka - 16. Ko te taimaha o iti iho i te 2 ngā wā ōrite - 8 matū e hāngai ritenga ture, e kī e e ähua tahi nga matū i roto i te moni e rite ki o ratou ritenga. A, no te taea te raveraa i tātaitanga whakamahi i te papatipu titiwha ōrite o te hāora ki te whakatau i te taimaha o te taonga hoki e te mea te reira unknown ōrite.

Hāora - tetahi o nga mea timatanga tino nui i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, whakaaro, mo te 46.6% o te papatipu. He hononga ohie ki te taua ingoa - ko te tuarua tino noa i roto i te huru o te whenua. Ko te ihirangi o te hāora rāpoi i roto i te rangi - 20,947% i te rōrahi. Ki te te āwhina o te ngota mema me rāpoi puta maha tauhohe me ngā tukanga i roto i te toi, ahumahi, āhua organic me inorganic. He mea nui ki te tango ki pūkete te whanaunga ine i roto i enei tukanga, e nui whakahaere te whakamahi o inenga ā, tae atu papatipu titiwha o te hāora.