Waiwaro tīmeka - he aha te mea tenei?

waiwaro tīmeka - he matū i roto i anake here kotahi nei rāpoi ngota. Ēnei ngā waiwaro tahi me cycloparaffins, ka ratou āhuatanga e kōrero i roto i to tatou rauemi.

Ko te tātai whānui o waiwaro

Kei te āhuatanga e te tātai whānui SpN2p + 2 Māngai o tenei piha. Na roto i te paraffins ngā pūhui katoa he mekameka tuwhera e hono ai te ngota ki ia atu e kotahi here. Nā ki te meka e raro tikanga noa, waiwaro tīmeka he pūhui iti itoito, te tiki e ratou o ratou ingoa "paraffins". Kia kitea tatou i roto i etahi o te hanganga o te māngai o tenei piha haapiiraa, te āhua o here i roto i ngā rāpoi ngota, te whakamahi o te ahumahi āhuatanga.

whakamārama poto o te mewaro

Ka rite ki te māngai māmā o tenei piha haapiiraa kia whakahuatia mewaro. Ko ia te tangata e tīmata te raupapa o waiwaro tīmeka. Ki te whakakite i ona āhuatanga motuhake.

He haurehu waihā i raro i noa tikanga taonga, kahore kakara, me te tae mewaro. Te pūhui i hanga e te whāwehe i āhua i waho te aroaro o te hāora tipu me te kararehe kaiao kōhauhau. Hei tauira, kua kitea taua mea i roto i te hau māori, Heoi whakamahia tēnei wā i roto i te nui rite te wahie i roto i te hanga, me te i roto i te kāinga.

He aha te momo o te here matū ko aua waiwaro? Memeka, whāiti kotuari ngā pūhui matū waro e rāpoi neke.

Ko te rāpoi ngota he tetrahedral rāpoi ngota puka mewaro, te momo o te hybridization o ngota waro i roto i te sp3, e hāngai ana ki te koki totoro 109 nekehanga 28 meneti. Ko reira hoki tenei take, waiwaro tīmeka - he matū pūhui iti itoito.

Rawa homologues mewaro

I tua atu i te mewaro i roto i te hau māori, me te hinu masivesivá kei atu waiwaro, e whai he hanganga rite ki reira. Ko te tuatahi e whā mängai raupapa huirua he paraffins i roto i te āhua haurehu waihā o te whakawhāititanga, i te memehatanga iti i roto i te wai.

Ki te whakanui ake i rahi o te papatipu rāpoi- kitea hua i roto i te pāmahana e koropupu me te CxHy rewa. I roto i ngā māngai takitahi o te tau i reira ko te rerekētanga CH2, e kiia nei ko te rerekētanga huirua. Ko te haamauraa tika o te pūhui no ki tenei rarangi organic.

waiwaro tīmeka katoa - he matū e te hunga ngāwari wairewa i roto i ngā whakarewa organic.

raupapa poinanahatanga

Hoki nga māngai o te maha paraffins he āhuatanga o te kōhiwi waro poinanahatanga. Ko reira e tika ana ki te taea o te hurihanga mokowā huri noa te ngota waro o te here matū. Hei tauira, mō ngā pūhui e taea te tango C4H10 pūwaro hanganga kōhiwi waro hāngai - pūwaro. Ka rite ki te poinanaha hanganga e mahi 2-methylpropane, he hanganga branched.

āhuatanga matū Angamaheni huru o paraffins, he mea e tika ana ki te mōhio i te tauhohenga whakauru. whakamārama waiwai mekameka te matatini o te tauhohenga me tona tikanga tuwhena. I roto i te tikanga ki te whiwhi pūwaro tīmeka halogenated, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te tauhohe kōnakonakotanga, e rerengia ana e te aroaro o UV radiation. Mekameka āhua o tenei pāhekoheko puta i roto i te mau melo katoa o te raupapa i homai. huaina te hua hua ko te pärönaki āwheo. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ratou i roto i te ahumahi matū rite whakarewa organic.

Ano, tahu waiwaro tīmeka me kakara katoa i roto i te aroaro o te hāora ki te hanga i te wai, me te hauhā. tohaina Tei runga i te ōrau o te waro i roto i te rāpoi ngota e te rerekē nui o te wera. Ahakoa o no ki te piha haapiiraa o ngā pūhui matū waro, tukanga parariraa katoa he tauhohe putawera e kua whakamahia i roto i te whare, me te ahumahi.

tono Practical he te mewaro me te dehydrogenation (hauwai oti'a). Ka rite ki te hua o tenei tukanga whakaputaina acetylene, i te mea he feedstock matū tino.

Ko te whakamahi o waiwaro me waiwaro chlorinated

Dichloromethane, chloroform, waro tetrachloride - wai e rerekē whakarewa organic. Chloroform me iodoform whakamahia i roto i te rongoā hou. Ko te whāwehe o te mewaro ko tetahi o nga tikanga ahumahi mō te whakaputa pango waro, e hiahiatia ana mo te hanga o Inks tā. whakaaro mewaro te te puna matua o te ahumahi matū i roto i te hau hauwai haere ki te hanga o te haukini me te kōtuitui o maha matū waro.

waiwaro hamanga

Hamanga waiwaro tīmeka - he māngai o te maha o te ethylene me acetylene ratou. Te tātari ratou āhuatanga taketake, me te tono. Hoki waiwaro rua āhuatanga e te aroaro o te here rua, kia ai te katoa maha o te tātai e te puka SpN2p.

Whakaaro i te āhua o enei pūhui hamanga, kia tuhia te reira e huru ratou pūhui: hydrogenation, kōnakonakotanga, Hydration, gidrogalogenirovaniya. I tua atu, he nehenehe o te polymerization māngai o ethylene. Ko tenei āhuatanga hanga ratou māngai o te piha haapiiraa kī i roto i te ahumahi matū hou. Polyethylene me te polypropylene - he taonga e whakatu te ahumahi turanga waerau.

Acetylene - te mema tuatahi o te raupapa he te tātai whānui SpN2p-2. I roto i te āhuatanga motuhake o enei pūhui taea wehewehe te aroaro o te here, takitoru. whakamārama Ko tōna aroaro te rere o te tauhohe pūhui ki kōnakonako, te wai, hauwai kōnakonako takirua, hauwai. Ki te ko te here reatoru i roto i taua pūhui i te tūranga tuatahi, mo te kounga alkynes āhuatanga whakauru tauhohe ki te tote hiriwa matatini. Tenei kaha Ko te tauhohenga kounga ki te waiwaro toru, te whakamahia ki te kite i te reira i roto i te hawhekaihe me te waiwaro rua, me te waiwaro tahi.

Ko te waiwaro kakara e hamanga pūhui huringa, Heoi kahore ratou e whakaaro ki pūhui tīmeka.

mutunga

Ahakoa te rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga ine ngā i roto i ngā māngai o kukū me te hamanga pūhui memeka, he rite i roto i ngā rāpoi ngota tohu kounga ratou i roto i waro me te hauwai. Rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga ine (ngā tātai whānui) māngai o kukū me te hamanga CxHy whakamārama te rerekētanga i roto i te tikanga tauhohenga hua ngā hua.

Ko Ko te aha tomo te ngā mema o ngā akomanga katoa o enei pūhui ki te tauhohenga ngingiha ki te hanga i te hauhā, te wai, tohatoha i te nui etahi o te pūngao wera, e hanga rongonui ratou rite te wahie i roto i te ora ia, me te ahumahi.