Tauira aromorphosis i roto i ngā tipu me ngā kararehe

Aromorphosis - Ko huringa urutau o ngā e puta i roto i te akoranga o te kukuwhatanga ora, he o faufaa whānui, me te e hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i te whakahaere, i faarahi ivi.

Ko te katoa aromorphoses uara

Ko te aromorphoses putanga he hira i roto i te pakanga mō te oraraa. kaiao e noho i roto i nei taua huringa puta, riro atu fanongo fakalelei ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te taea rangatira i te taiao hou. Aromorphosis tauira ko tetahi huringa whanaketanga, e arata'i ki te ahua o hou, ngā rōpū ahu whakamua o kaiao.

aromorphoses Hanganga Ko te tukanga roa, me te te e pā ana ki te rerekētanga tuku. I tua atu, i te uara i te putanga o ngā āhuatanga hou o mea ora ko te kōwhiringa tūturu, ora ka taunga atu kaiao. E ratou kaha atu whaiaroaro ki te whawhai mo to ratou oraraa, me te whakarato atu uri ki āhuatanga whai hua e kua haere ki te whakatupuranga i muri.

Ka taea e tatou te mea e ko he tukanga morphophysiological aromorphosis nui. arata'i te reira i ki atu kaiao matatini, e te hunga iti ti'aturi i runga i nga tikanga taiao.

tipu Aromorphoses

huringa Progressive angamaheni mō ngā tipu. pā ratou e kore anake ki te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga morphological, na maha hei utu o "aromorphosis" whakamahia te wā i te kupu "arogenez", e te tikanga "takenga".

e pā ana te putanga o ngā momo rerekē o te pükohu te ki te huinga rerekē o ngā āhuatanga morphological me te kaha ki te photosynthesize, engari te papanga tūturu kore ratou e whai, kia kua whakaaro ratou kaiao moana tuatahi (huringa te kunenga i roto i to ratou hanganga kore e wātea).

Ki te whakapūtā koe tauira aromorphosis, te nui tino kia huaina ai pārōnaki o te kopa, i arahina ki te putanga o whenua tipu teitei. Ko te tahito tino o ratou - talingelingá reira, pera me te pārōnaki o ngā pūtau haere painga i roto i enei tipu, kei te ngaro te pakiaka, a ka kua te āhuatanga te wana i te hanganga i tahito ra.

Ko te aromorphosis nui i muri ko te wehewehenga o te tinana te tipu ki te mawhiti, a te pakiaka. I roto i te heke mai, i tetahi otaota spore, e ngā kaponga, horsetails me talingelingá karapu, engari ratou i tonu kahore purapura, me te whakawhanake sporophyte i te ira, i te mea he iti differen. Ko Me kikiritanga wai, he reira ki etahi whānuitanga tauwhāiti nga otaota spore whānui.

Tauira i roto i ngā tipu aromorphosis

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ngā rerekētanga tuwhena i roto i te hanganga me te hanganga o te tipu, kia mahara te reira tari Gymnosperms, i te maha o aromorphoses nei te mau melo:

• to ratou ūhā, e whakawhanake endosperm (gametophyte wahine);
• He pata hae e tipuria ana te ngongo hae; i hanga gametophyte toa; hoki e kore e hiahia te kikiritanga wai;
• i enei tipu i purapura e kua tito o iroriki pai-rerekëtanga me endosperm, e ko te puna o ngā matūkai mo te whanaketanga o te ira.

Hoki te purapura no tipu ki tetahi atu angiosperms. puta ratou i roto i te wā Jurassic. Tauira aromorphosis tenei tari te otaota e whai ake nei:

• ratou i nga wa katoa te ūhā carpel kati (te pistil);
• He motuhake "maunu" - te ngongo me perianths e whakarato entomophily - ruinga hae i tikanga o pepeke, āhuatanga nei i te te tika o te tukanga i roto i te momo motuhake, me te tuku i te oraraa o te tipu rerekē;
• āhuatanga angiosperms kukune pūwhera ki te hanganga e taea ai te wahi o te kikiritanga rua.

Me kï reira e tenei rōpū o ngā tipu ngā pā ana ki te 250 ngā momo, me te kei i runga i te ahunga whakamua koiora ara. Ko te kupu, Kei te māngai e puka te ora rerekē nga angiosperms (e rākau, rakau iti, waina, pātītī, māngai moana), e te ake tonu ki te whakapai kanohi ki te hanganga me ngā mahi o te wahi takitahi.

huringa te kunenga i roto i te hanganga o te kararehe

kaiao Eukaryotic, i āhuatanga nei i te momo heterotrophic o te mana i hoatu e ara ki te harore me te kararehe. Ko te tuatahi o enei he kaiao pūtau-tahi e kore e e whai i te kiko. I roto i te wā Proterozoic puta mea hätaretare multicellular. Ko te kararehe tino tahito i-apa rua, mo Coelenterates tauira. Tauira aromorphosis nga kararehe o tenei rōpū - paparanga rua, me te tinana kukune, e ngā o rua pepa - te ectoderm me kiriroto.

Ko te whakapai ake nui i muri o te hanganga, ko te putanga o te waenga paparanga iroriki - te kiriwai, i whakapataritari kiko pārōnaki me te putanga o ngā pūnaha whēkau (kutukutu papatahi, me te a tawhio). Aromorphosis whai i te putanga o te katoa - te kōhao tuarua, i roto i nei timata te tinana kararehe ki te kia wehea ki ngā wāhanga.

He protostomes tahito (hei tauira, Annelida), e kua parapodia (alangá tahito) me homonomous tinana Wehewehe i. Tauira aromorphosis e puta i muri i runga i, - te ahua o te whakawāhanga tinana heteronomous me wahi nga raparapa (he Arthropoda). I te timatanga o te Devonian puta mai i ki pūngāwerewere whenua me ngā pepeke e kua ite aromorphosis nui - te putanga o kiriuhi embryonic.

Evolution deuterostome

Ko te ahua o enei rauropi notochord, ngongo neural, te haoraora puku, a ka te ngakau arahina ki te hanganga o te momo hou - chordates. I roto i te heke mai, te ika whanake visceral me axial kōhiwi. Na, kua kite ratou i te aroaro o te pakohu roro, me te kauae o te angaanga.

I roto i te ika a Ihakara haere ano he maha o aromorphoses nui (puta tukupūngao pūkahukahu me enei o te akoranga) i hoatu e ara ki amphibians.

I tua atu whakawhanake amniotes, i a toru kiriuhi embryonic. Ko te māngai tuatahi o ratou ngārara maitai. He motuhake i te wai ratou, engari no te mea o te kore o te tohanga kati e kore i taea e te whakahaere i te pāmahana tinana tamau, i te hua i roto i te ngaro papatipu i te mutunga o te Mesozoic.

tauira atu aromorphosis - te ahua tonu o te arai i waenganui i te ventricles i roto i te ngakau. Ko taea ki te wehe i te tohanga, ārahi ki te ahua o te kararehe mahana te toto, i riro muri te kaha ki te rere. Ko te kupu ka whakatika te piha haapiiraa o Birds.

Aromorphoses e arahina ki te putanga o kararehe

I te ngārara whakangote-rite pae hopea tupu forebrain tuakoi whakawhanakehia uho, i reira ko te ngakau-chambered wha, ka mau te whakaiti o te kikorangi te pūtahi o. I tua atu, ka whakatika kararehe e tika ki te ahua o nga ossicles māna, te koti me te pārōnaki mammary o niho i roto i nga alveoli. Ko te tauira e whai ake nei aromorphosis kararehe - te ahua o te ewe me te whanau ora.

Na, te kai kuao kau waiu, te whanaketanga whakamua o te pūkahukahu, roro, pūnaha circulatory, me te he maha o te tahi atu aromorphoses - ai he hua koi i roto i te taumata whānui o te whakahaere o nga kararehe, me te putanga o kaiao teitei.

Ka taea te huaina e te nui aromorphosis whakamutunga te hua i roto i te roro o tupuna tangata (epimorphosis). Ka rite ki o tenei ra, kua taukei Homo sapiens rohe whenua urutau kua whakapataritari e te ahua o te noosphere. I roto i tenei take, kua tomo te ao organic te wā hou - psihozoynuyu.

Hei huihuia ake, kia mea ai e arahi aromorphoses nui ki te ärai o kaiao hou, me te putanga o kaiao hou ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake e tākaro he wāhi nui i roto i te tukanga whanaketanga.