Ko te pūtaiao Charles Darwin: he haurongo, ariā me ngā āhuatanga. Charles Darwin: he haurongo poto

Charles Darwin - tetahi o te pūkenga tino o kairangahau i roto i te aamu o te taata nei. Taiao, haere, kaituhi o te ariā o te kukuwhatanga - e te he wahi iti o ana whakatutukitanga nui me mana.

Childhood me te taiohitanga

e kore e haurongo Poto o Darwin whakaahua te takoha nui o te pūtaiao i roto i te whanaketanga o te disiplin hou, engari haamata te reira i roto i 1809

mataotao Fanauhia o te tekau ma rua o Hui-tanguru i roto i te utuafare rahi i roto i Shrewsbury, Shropshire te Ingarihi.

E ai ki te raraunga, i mahue pūrongo he haurongo Darwin e whai wāhi papa o te tamaiti i roto i te pūtea. Ano, ko ia he tākuta angitu. taea Mahi Robert Darwin te whānau ki te ora whakamarie. I muri, ko te papa whakakake e tana tama - Charles Darwin. haurongo Poto o te pūtaiao fakapapau'i e te papa me te tama i tona ora ki te tautoko katoa ia atu.

mahue whaea o te tamaiti tenei ao i roto i te 1817, ka noho te reira iti rawa mōhiohio.

parau mai ia tatou haurongo Poto o Darwin e ko tona koroua Charles Erasmus, he rata, philosopho, kaituhi. I roto i te whānui, i te mau melo atoa o te utuafare te iwi ki te taumata tiketike o te maramarama, me te ahurea.

He aha te momo o te mātauranga i whiwhi Darwin? parau tatou Haurongo e i roto i 1817 tīmata ia i te akoranga i te kura ra rohe, me te tau i muri mai i whakawhitia ki te Mihinare.

e kore rawa a Young Charles tamaiti poauau. Otiia e kore e i te wa ano i te kura i rite ahau ki te ako me te whakaaro ko tino hōhā te marautanga.

I roto i to ratou wa noa pai ki te kohikohi me te ako ngārara, anga me nga kohatu rerekē. Whanga ana e ngā tukanga māori - rākau puawai me ngā mauwha, i runga i nga awa, i te aronga te hau. ko aroha o te hopu, me te hī ia.

Charles Darwin. haurongo Poto. mātauranga whare wānanga

I roto i te 1825, whakarongo tona papa ki te tono o tana tama, a tonoa ia ki te ako i te Whare Wānanga o Edinburgh. hiahia Robert ki te kite i te whare hauora tamaiti riiwhi.

Rawa te rota o te wā i oti rawa ki te ako o te koiora, i ngā, hātaretare moana, pükohu. Aroha o te kiri kararehe, hītori taiao, me te arowhenua. ka mau ia ki te wahi kaha i roto i te mahi o te Whare Wānanga Museum, te wahi i kohia kohinga nui rawa o Europe o ngā tipu.

I muri e rua "kaha hōhā" tau o kura piro ia whakangungu.

I whakatau te akiaki o te papa riri ki te whakawhiti ki te Faculty o Teolosia i Cambridge, te wahi e taea ki te mohio te ingoa kaiwhakaako, ka ru te ao katoa - Charles Darwin. Biography faahiti e āta pānui i te kaitono te pukapuka hahi mo te whakauru. Whai wāhi takitahi ki te kaiako i roto i tona Shrewsbury taketake.

E iriti i te reira i te pene hou o tona ora, Darwin. Haurongo o tenei wā i roto i te ora o te pūtaiao nui kaikōrero: i muri tonu i te hararei Kirihimete i roto i 1828, ia pai haere nga whakamātautau tomokanga.

Tau o te whakangungu mahara haapiiraa o eke, hopu, te kohikohi ngā pītara, te ako o te tuhinga, te pāngarau, te ahupūngao me te matawhenua.

puta ia i te mātauranga i roto i 1831. Ahakoa te meka e kore nui angitu i roto i te whakangungu i whiti, whakahohea tenei matauranga Darwin ki hei i roto i te rārangi o pai te raukura kotahi tekau.

I puta ia, ka ia ara atu feaa i te pono o te Tokāteliné o Karaitiana.

Charles Darwin: he haurongo poto. ngā mahi Naturalistic

I roto i te titauraa e kore-mutu ki te ite i te pūtaiao pea maheni ki te huaota rongonui Dzhonom Henslou, e riro te paetahi i roto i te rōpū o kairangahau o te natura i roto i Amerika ki te Tonga runga te "Beagle". I muri, he nui atu hari i haere te kapa i roto i Darwin te kaipūtaiao tairanga. Biography, ata ako e kōrero o te pūtaiao, fakapapau'i tenei tauākī.

ko Matua Charles ki te haerenga, whakaaro reira he ururua o te wā. i roto i anake te wawaotanga o tona matua keke, Hohia Wedgwood II o, hoatu Robert Darwin ake ka hoatu he pekanga manaaki ki tana tama.

Hoki-tau e rima neke atu i haere haere te kapa ki a Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Europe, Ahitereiria, Africa.

I runga i te Galapagos Islands kaihōpara mockingbirds tino hiahia, e he ahua rerekē i te hunga i kitea i roto i Ingarangi. honu ako, momo o e rerekē noa i runga i te motu tata.

Pūtaiao me ona hua ako te rohe rohe, me te ao kararehe. Ko te hua o te ope ka he kohinga nui o ngā toka, kohuke, otaota, kararehe puru me nga manu. Kua hanga e ratou whakaahua i te ahua me te anatomy o hātaretare maha.

ngā kitenga katoa i tuhia i roto i te rātaka, kia nei Charles, a okioki ka tuhi pepa rangahau i roto i te rua tekau tau i muri mai. Akoranga Kua whakaputaina i raro i te taitara "Haere huri noa te ao runga te" Beagle ". Kua riro te pūtaiao rongo te ao i roto i te taiao pūtaiao, me te iwi noa.

I tua atu i hanga Charles he piiraa me te whakaaro i roto i te ora - e kore i Darwin kite i te ora, kahore pūtaiao.

ngā mahi pūtaiao

tupu te haere-tau e rima Darwin ake rite te kaipūtaiao. pūrongo Haurongo e i muri i tona otinga, oho Charles ki Cambridge. Otiia hohoro oho ki Rānana, i reira e tomo ia te hapori o pūtaiao, e te nuinga ni'ai roto i te rima tau e haere ake nei.

I tohua tēnei wā i te ora ngangau o Charles, mahi hua - i tuhituhia mahi taketake, kawea atu hoki maha haora i roto i te tautohetohe wera. Hoki te aroha o te whai ta'etuku o taunakitanga o whakaaro me ngā whakaaro i te kairangahau whiriwhiri te kaituhituhi matua o te hapori o tohunga pūtaiao.

Hiahia mō te huringa

Noho i roto i te pa nui, nui noa atu te pēhanga ki runga ki te kaipūtaiao. Ko kino te tinana ki te akakoromaki i te mate whawhai.

I te tau 1839 ka moea e ia Emma Vedzhvud me kua i roto i te 1842 oho ki te whenua i riro "Dawn."

I muri, ka hoatu te wahine whanau ki te Darwin tamariki kotahi tekau.

Atu i te arepurepu o te pa, i taea e Charles horo'a ia ki ana tōtu'a - eke, hī ika, hopu, āhua e matakitaki ana,

kainga Mārō me moni i ngā pukapuka i tuhituhia tukua ki rumakina ki te mea tino.

I te 1842, ka tuhituhia taua mea e mahi "haere Zoology i runga i te" o Darwin Beagle ".

Hou i te wa i te pukapuka "Te Origin o Momo e Founga o Natural Tīpakonga" i whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1859.

Tohenga ki te kaituhi rite ki whakaaro tali i roto i te hapori, whakapakaritia e te karaipiture o te Bibilia e pā ana ki te pehea i hanga te ao. Proceedings whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito aha kia whakaaro koe te taea o miriona o nga tau o te whanaketanga motuhake o te natura - tipu, kararehe, te tangata. I muri, ko te ariā i muri i te kaihōpara - ". Darwinism"

I tautoko te whakaaro i āta whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o ngā kitenga wā roa-o te rauemi. ka "Darwinism" tino paingia me, ahakoa te tutukitanga, ka kawea mai he kaiputaiao pai pai.

mahi anō me te ratonga

I te tau 1862 whakaputaina e ia he pukapuka "ruingahae o te tāwhara", ka - "scrambles tipu" me "tipu kai mīti".

I roto i te 1868 - he hokohoko atu o "Te Origin o momo ..." - "Huri o kararehe, me te uwhi."

I roto i te 1871, ka kite te ao i te pukapuka "Te Descent o te tangata me te kōwhiringa fakasekisualé".

A i roto i te 1872 - "Expression o te Emotions i te tangata me Animals," i roto i nei pūtaiao tirohia te take o te tangata i tupuna apelike.

O te akoranga, i kore i ratou taua rongonui, engari ka tukua reira pūtaiao ki te riro e rave rahi tohu whaimana, i roto ia ratou - Kopleevskaya mētara koura i te hapori Royal.

I roto i nga tau i muri, i hanga e ia he Doctor hōnore o Pūtaiao Breslau, Bonn, University Leiden, me te he mema ōrite o te St Petersburg Academy.

Me kï reira e kore e te Russian Siu Ekalesia amuamu e pā ana ki te mahi o te pūtaiao me te tamata pakeke ki blacken ia. I te korero i ahau ki te tu maha māngai o te intelligentsia. kaha awhina Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy te mea i whakapono ia he kaiputaiao. Biography haapapu enei raraunga.

pūmahara

mahue te pūtaiao rongonui kua to tatou ao o te iwa April 1882 i te tau o whitu-e toru nga tau.

Ahakoa rongo te ao, ka mahara huaai ia rite te tangata o haehaa, hoa, whakaaro. Darwin, ko tona haurongo ako i roto i ngä whare wänanga hou katoa, me te tanumia i roto i Westminster Abbey, e tata ana Isaaka Nyutona.

mutunga

ka Charlz Darvin roto i nga pūtaiao tino nui o te wā katoa. Tona mahi, whakamatautau te takenga o mea ora i te tupuna noa ko te turanga o hou kōtuitanga kunenga, koiora, me iranga.

I kiriata Kaiwhakahaere Jon Amiel te haukiri poto Darwin - he kiriata i roto i 2009, "te Origin o momo."

Mohio rite tetahi o nga Stewart, tino nui o te wā katoa.