Komiti Emergency: wetemuna o whakapotonga, hītori

Kua haere Tata 25 tau mai i te kau, i te ua faaite te pāpāho te whakataki o te āhua o te whawhati tata. Ko te ata o August 19 tahuri ki te Soviet Union i 1991. i whānui nga ngā o taua wa. whai wāhi ratou e rua tangata me kaitōrangapū. ka anga te reira i katoa ki te mahi o te rōpū o te iwi Nō ia whakarāpopototanga o te Komiti Emergency, tuhinga o nei mohiotia te ki nga tangata mohio o te USSR, funky mamae taea o te Pakanga Civil. He aha i reira: he whakamātau ki te tiaki i te whenua ranei, hei kōrero, tona tauari tiango?

prehistory

I roto i te puna o 1990 i te Congress muri o te tangata kawana o te uniana hapori, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakakahore i te oko o te Ture, e whakatau i te tūranga ārahi o te Pāti Communist. I te peresideni wa ano o te USSR whiriwhiria MS Gorbachev.

I roto i Mei o te taua tau i whakaritea e te mōhiohio teitei o te RSFSR rite ka hei muri, te peresideni o Russia, Boris heke mai Yeltsin. tahuri te reira i roto i taua i te kaiārahi Soviet he whakataetae i roto i te mata o te mana Russian, e mahi i roto i te rohe taua. I roto i te raumati o Boris Tiwihana te Whakapuakanga o te mana arii, te whakarato painga o ture Russian mo Allied ture.

I roto i te whakarara ki enei whanaketanga anga Nationalists mahi i roto i Tbilisi, ka i roto i Vilnius, tukuna he tauākī e pā ana ki te tomokanga ture o Lithuania ki te Soviet Union, me pakanga i muri mai ā-iwi i waenganui i Armenia me Azerbaijan.

rapua e mahi i runga i te wahi o te kāwanatanga enei ngā katoa. Na ka ka whakaarohia reira ki ripeneta te lepupilika hapori ki āhua kingi. ko te take i roto i te heke mai ki te waihanga i te Komiti Emergency tenei. Deciphering whakapotonga taia i roto i te aamu o te tiango o te Union rite te Komiti State i te State o Emergency.

Katoa-Union tāpaetanga

I roto i te mutunga o 1990, i te hui i muri o nga kawana Mikhail Gorbachev e whakaarohia te whakaaro o te pōti motu katoa-Union i te take o te whanaketanga atu o te Union o āhua kingi i te ngakau o te Kotahitanga whakahoutia. kawana o te whakatau ki te pupuri i te tāpaetanga o te iwi i whakaaetia.

I roto i te puna o 1991 e iwa lepupilika o te Soviet Union hoatu hiahia ki te Faaapî i roto i te Kotahitanga whakahoutia o āhua kingi. I te tāpaetanga ano tautoko te iwi RSFSR te whakataki o te pou o te peresideni. I maoro i pōtitia ia BN Yeltsin.

I muri i te pōti rongonui mohio nga mana e te mua pāpori Union reira ka kia kahore he take mo te tiriti hou o te haumi. whakaritea Just 20 August ki haina i te tuhinga e pā ana ki Gorbachev kotahitanga wehenga. A i runga i te mahana o tenei hui nui i hanga te Komiti Emergency State, kua whakatangi hoki tangata Soviet rite te Komiti Emergency nei wetewaehere.

Teuteu ki he Emergency

I roto i te ariā, te whakataki o te kāwanatanga o whawhati tata i roto i te whenua i roto i te ara ture kua tautohetohe e te mana i roto i te tau 1990. I te taumata mahi, whakangaueuetia ana e ia i roto i te tau, i muri i te wātū Pipiri o te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR me o te pūrongo o te Pirimia o te raruraru hohonu. Tiamana o te KGB, te Minita Interior, Minita Defence, tohe i runga i te āhua o te whawhati tata i roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i tiango ōhanga o te whenua. Heoi, ko te peresideni o te USSR kihai i tautoko ratou hoa.

I roto i te wā i te 7 ki te 15 Akuhata i te wāhi ngaro toutou puritia KGB VA hui Kryuchkov ki ngā mema heke mai o te Komiti Emergency. Deciphering kihai i mohiotia ano tenei whakaiti ki te tangata toharite, engari nga mema o o te whakatupu he wāhi tino i roto i te faaineineraa o te revolution ahu. ahu e ia te rōpū perehitini tuarua o te Gi USSR Janaev.

Mikhail Sergeyevich i tenei wa vacationing i roto i te Crimea.

State o whawhati tata

Morning pouaka me te rongo irirangi August 19, ka anga 1991 ki te taki o te kaikōrero o te tuhinga e pā ana, "Whakapuakitanga o te kaiārahi Soviet." Whakatangi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ngoikore ki te mahi i ngā mahi peresideniraa, MS Gorbachev, e tika ana ki te ino o tona hauora, me te whakawhitinga o te mana Gennadiyu Ivanovichu Yanaevu.

Ko reira ka hoki whakatangi te wa tuatahi deciphering te tahuritanga. Hei whakahaere i te whenua ua faaite te whakatūnga o te Komiti Emergency State. Kei a ia ko nga upoko o nga taumata teitei o te Soviet Union: te Pirimia, Minita Defence, Tiamana o te KGB, te Minita Interior, te kaiāwhina tuatahi ki te tiamana o te Kaunihera Defence.

mōkihi

Ko te taua ra kua whakaaturia nga whāinga matua me ngā mahi o te Komiti Emergency. Deciphering tenei komiti i runga i te ngutu o nga tangata Soviet, hoha'a mo ratou ake whenua.

Ko te whāinga matua o te ngā mema o te Komiti State hou whakapumautia ko ki te ārai i te hainatanga o te Tiriti Union me te parariraa o te USSR. Haunga te whakataki o te kāwanatanga o whawhati tata mo te wā o te 6 marama, kei roto i te mehua e whai ake nei i tangohia i roto i te Resolution o te Komiti Emergency:

• Tuhinga o paramilitary mana me te mana hanganga perechaschih ture me Ture o te USSR.
• Manakē-uniana ture.
• Whakamutunga o te mahi o ngā rōpū tūmatanui, rōpū tōrangapū, fakafe'ātungia'i te mahi ki te haerenga i te āhuatanga.
• Te whakatū mana ki runga i te pāpāho.
• Te pare o te pupuri rallies, whakaaturanga me aro.
• Kupu Whakataki ki te hoia whakapaipai me waka Armoured.

pato'iraa

Na roto i te tikanga o DT Yazov ata o August 19, oho te whakapaipai Kantemir Tank Division me tämän fakamīsiní Rifle Division. tae Mō wha mano hōia ki te 12 haora i roto i Moscow, te wahi e nohoia ana e ia te pa hanganga tino. timata iwi ki te wehi i te timatanga taea o te Pakanga Civil.

I tua atu, i tangohia te putschists ki pā ope motuhake Arepa i roto i te whare whenua Yeltsin. Otiia i muri i te fariiraa i te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mea kei te tupu i roto i te pane, whakatau Boris ki mai tonu ki te Whare White. Ārai rangatira rōpū e tango te tikanga e kore e ki te arai i te haerenga o te peresideni o te RSFSR.

Tae i te Whare o Sovietí, ta Yeltsin kore ki te mahi ki nga mema o te Komiti Emergency, kī ratou whanonga anti-ture. tonoa tonu te tukipoto i te ope ki te Whare White mo tona hopu. huaina te mahi i "Thunder". Ko reira ko he tokomaha: ahua mangu te mana o paramilitaries, e ringa ano kei a Yeltsin.

mahi a Gorbachev

Ki te maongo te iwi o ratou mahi tika, te Emergency Komiti State (Emergency Komiti), e te tangata e pā ana ki te mate peresideni tūru Mikhail Gorbachev. Ko te ra i mua i te mau ohipa nō o te USSR i runga i August 19 tukipoto: Baklanov, Varennikov, Boldin, Chenin me Plekhanov - ahu ki Foros ki Mikhail Sergeyevich'alú. Tuhinga reira o tūao nga mana tuku Yanayev. Ki te mahi i tenei, i te he tapaea Gorbachev ki rihaina, i muri i te hainatanga i te tikanga ki nga whakaritenga, ki te tomo i te āhua o te whawhati tata.

E kore te'alú i whakaaetia, me rite te putanga - te wehe oti o te peresideni i roto i Foros i runga i te tahuritanga. I mohio Gorbachev e pā ana ki te wahi ki te whakahaere o te tukipoto? Deciphering te hītori o enei ngā e heke ki te whai wāhi US i te parariraa o te USSR. I runga i te eve o te tukipoto, i roto i Hōngongoi, titiro mai te whenua i te taha o te kaiwhakahaere CIA mua George HW Bush. E matau ana tatou e tutaki ia ki a Gorbachev me Yeltsin. e kore e mohiotia to ratou aparauraa, engari kua riro te whatunga maramarama he whakahau ki te mau tonu i te he.

A e kore ko katoa mārama te whanonga o Mikhail Gorbachev. I te August 3, ka hoatu e ia he kupu e te mea e tika ana āhuatanga uaua te whenua o me reira ki te whakauru i te āhua o te whawhati tata, a kia okioki i roto i te Crimea haere te ra i muri.

Ko te hopu o te tukipoto

I te August 21 te hui, me te whai. e pā ana ki. Te peresideni Gi Yanaeva runga i faaoti i te mau melo o te komiti ki te tonoa he karere ki a Foros ki Mikhail Sergeyevich. Ano, ko te Hupirimi Soviet o te USSR whakaaturia e ko te ture te pananga o Mikhail Gorbachev ka ui Yanaeva whakakore i nga ota, me te āhua o tikanga whawhati tata. I roto i te ahiahi o te ra ano tukuna he tikanga mo te hopu o te ngā mema o te Komiti Emergency. I muri mai, i roto i te 1994, kua murua e ratou.

mutu te raruraru August ki te parariraa o te USSR. Kua riro te lepupilika katoa tētahi whakaatu tona motuhake. haina i te tangata o te Soviet me pou-Soviet Union te pātai: "? He aha te mea te tukipoto" deciphering te tauira moni 1991 te pā ana hoki ki te mau ohipa o te tukipoto Akuhata, engari he iti Numismatics muri.

Ko te mea anake i hanga i te he, - ko te whakakāhoretanga o te hainatanga o te Tiriti Union. Uaua i roto i te matauranga te mea i tupu ko e timata anake te tukipoto, a oti ana ope hoariri.

Numismatics: te tukipoto, wetemuna i runga i te moni

tāngia te mimiti haere o te Uniana i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o ia o nga lepupilika mua. Russia - he kahore okotahi. I te 1991 ka timata ia ki moni te miniti ki te whakapakoko i runga i te obverse o te Spasskaya Tower me te Kaunihera Hupirimi. Ko ratou i roto i te hītori o Numismatics mahara rite te Komiti Emergency o te moni. Ko ohie te tikanga o enei monipuka roto atu moni, i minted ratou tae noa ki 1992, i runga i te kore e te obverse puta ekara.

Rare kape moni 1991 Ko "10 moni", bimetallic, hunuhunua ake te Moscow Mint.

tauira Rare minted Leningrad Mint, kanohi hoki te uara iti o "10 moni" 1992.