Mandelshtam Nadezhda: haurongo me haamana'oraa

Mandelshtam Nadezhda ... tenei wahine mīharo o tona ora, te mate me te mau haamana'oraa meinga he pororaru nui i roto i pūkenga Russian me Western, e te tautohe e pā ana ki tona tūranga i roto i te thirties uaua me tekau o te rau tau rua tekau, tona Rōpū me te taonga tuku tuhituhi pumau noa nei. whakahaere ia ki te totohe me te whakarere i runga i ngā taha e rua o te taiepa o te hoa o mua. noho ia pono ki te kainga tupu whiti o te tane fakamamahi mate Osip Mandelstam. Ngā mihi ki a ia, te whakaora i te rota o tona mahi. Otiia e kore e anake i hanga reira hītori Nadezhda Mandelstam. Memories o te wahine ki te hanga i te puna hītori tūturu o te wa e wehingia ana o te tāmitanga Stalinist.

tamarikitanga

whanau tenei kotiro pākiki, me te pūmanawa i roto i te 1899 i roto i te utuafare o Hurai Khazin, e whāngai Karaitiana. Ko te rōia toku papa, a mahi tona whaea rite te tākuta. Nadia ko te tamahine whakaotinga. I te tīmatanga, noho tona hapu i roto i Saratov, a ka oho ki Kiev. I reira ka ako Mandelstam heke mai. haere mai Hope i roto i te hākinakina o te wahine ki te ahu whakamua rawa i te wa o te pūnaha mātauranga. Ehara i nga tūemi katoa i hoatu ki a ia rite te pai, engari te nuinga o te katoa i aroha ia te kōrero. ka whai i te tikanga mau metua, kia haere tahi me tana tamahine ki te haere. Ko te kupu, i taea ki te haere ki Switzerland, Germany, France Nadia. e kore e oti te mātauranga Higher, ahakoa tomo ia te manga ture o te Whare Wānanga Kiev. I mīharo Hope i peita, haunga nga tau uaua whatitiri o te revolution.

Aroha o te ora

Tenei wa ko reira te whaiāipo tino i roto i te ora o te kotiro. Te mahi i roto i te Kiev i roto i te taiwhanga, tutaki ia te rohipehe taitamariki. ko ia iwa tau, a ka ko ia he kaitautoko o "aroha mo te haora", i he reira nui atu i roto i te pupau. Na reira, ko te hononga i waenganui i te tangata taitama titia i te ra tuatahi. Ko na hinga Osip i te aroha ki te kaitoi kino engari ahakoa e riro tona ngakau. I muri mai, ka mea ia i te whakaaro o ia ki ite rite te mea he wa poto ki te oaoa i te tahi e te tahi atu i ratou. I marenatia te rua, a inaianei ko reira he whānau tūturu - Mandelshtam Nadezhda Osip. Tane kaha hae wahine taitamariki, me te kore i hiahia ki te wehewehea ki reira. tiaki Osip maha pukapuka ki tana wahine, nana nei i whakapumautia nga kōrero maheni o ongo a te whānau i nga i waenganui i faaipoipo.

tau "Black"

Otiia kihai i pera rosy ora te utuafare. tahuri akakoroanga Osip me puremu, i hae Hope. noho ratou i roto i te rawakore, a anake i roto i te 1932 riro te fare e rua-ruma i roto i Moscow. A i roto i te tau 1934 i mauheretia te rohi pehe Mandelstam mō ngā whiti ki Stalin, ka whiua ki te toru tau o whakaraua i roto i te pa Chernyn (i runga i te awa o kama). Engari kia rite ki te nati tāmitanga ka tika tīmata takahuri, riro Mandelshtam Nadezhda whakaaetanga ki te tahi tana tane. Na, i muri i te hātepe o hoa mana, te hāereere a Osip rerenga tona waipiro ki te ora i roto i nga pa nui o te USSR, a haere ana i te tokorua ki Voronezh. Otiia wahia te hopu pehe. ka pängia ana ki te whārua, me te tangi ia, tamata ki te patu ia ia, ka anga ia ki te mamae i moemoea. tamata te tokorua ki te hoki ki Moscow, engari kihai i whiwhi whakaaetanga. A i roto i te 1938, i hopukina Osip te tuarua wā ka patua he puni tauwhiro i roto i te mau huru mārama.

Wehi me te rere

ko ia anake i mahue Mandelshtam Nadezhda. Kahore hoki e mohio e pā ana ki te mate tana tahu a, tuhituhi ia ia he pukapuka i roto i te mutunga, i whai ai ki te whakamārama te mea kite ia i ngā kēmu a ngā tamariki e inaianei ratou tautohetohe mua, me te he pouri e pā ana ki aua wā ia. Na ka mahara a tona ora pouri no te mea kahore ratou e mohio ki tenei pouri. tiaki ia tuhinga tana tane o. ka wehi o rapu me te hopu ia, ki te tamau aau katoa i hanga e ia, ano he rotarota, me te tuhi. Na reira, Nadezhda Mandelstam maha hūnuku. I roto i te pa o Kalinin mau reira te rongo o te timatanga o te whawhai, a ka i whakatahia ia me tona whaea ki a Central Asia.

Mai 1942, ora ia i roto i Tashkent, te wahi he mutu waho kura nui kaiako Ingarihi me mahi. I muri i te whawhai, oho Hope ki Ulyanovsk, a ka - i roto i Chita. I roto i te 1955, riro ia te matenga o te Tari o te reo Ingarihi i roto i te Chuvash ngä Institute, i reira te parururaa i tona tuhinga.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I roto i te 1958, retires Mandelshtam Nadezhda Yakovlevna me mutu ai tata Moscow, i roto i te pa o Tarusa. He maha herehere tōrangapū mua ora a ko te tino rongonui i roto i dissidents te wahi. Ko reira i reira Hope tuhi ana tohinoa, tīmata ia mo ki te wa tuatahi te whakaputa i raro i te pseudonym. Otiia e kore e nui i roto i tona ora penihana, a ia whiwhi ano he mahi i Pskov ngä Institute. I roto i te 1965, Nadezhda Mandelstam hopea whiwhi kotahi-ruma fare i roto i Moscow. pau ia i te tau whakamutunga ki reira. I roto i tona wahine fare rawakore-kua koroheke rawa whakahaere ki te pupuri i te Salon tuhituhi, te manene Russian kore anake e hanga, engari ano hoki te intelligentsia Western. I te wa ano faaoti Hope ki te whakaputa i te pukapuka o ana tohinoa i te Te Hau-ā-uru - i roto i te New York ko Paris. I roto i te 1979, i tīmata ia he raruraru ki te ngakau ki te mata o te nui, e kua whakaritea e ia te moenga okiokinga. Whakaritea tata te taha o tona ohipa karaka poseli. Hakihea 29, 1980 ka mau te reira te mate. Te ti'aturi nei e ahau ki te pānui i te mahi tanumanga i roto i te tikanga Siu, ka tanumia i runga i Hānuere 2 tau i muri mai i runga i te urupā Troekurov.

Nadezhda Mandelstam: te pukapuka, me te tauhohenga ki a ratou to'utangatá

Mai i te hanga o tenei dissident counter pai mohiotia hoki a ia "Memoirs", i whakaputaina nei i roto i New York i te 1970, me te atu "pukapuka tuarua" (Paris, 1972). E kua meinga reira he tauhohenga koi i te tahi mau hoa o Hope. kitea ratou e te wahine Osipa Mandelshtama distorting nga meka me ngana ana ki te whakatau i ngä tatau whaiaro i roto i tona tohinoa. Just i mua kite i tona matenga te marama, me te Hope "MAOR" (Paris, 1978). I o ratou utu, regaled ia hoa, a hokona mau horo'a ratou. I tua atu, i te pūranga katoa o tana tahu, te rohipehe Osip Mandelstam, tukua te pouaru mo University Princeton i te United States. kihai ia i ora ake ki te whakanohonoho o te rohi pehe nui, me te tata ka mea ki te aroaro o tona matenga i tatari ia mo ia. Tenei ko reira, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Haurongo parau o tenei wahine, he toa tatou e i roto i te "mangu" tau ara e taea e te mau, te tangata tika.