Mātauranga ako Modern i roto i Russia

mātauranga Kaiako - he pūnaha hangaia mo te faaineineraa o ngā tohunga whānui, me te kura-i mua, tuatahi, taketake, me te mātauranga tuarua. Well kaiako o ngā kaupapa whānui, me ngā kura umanga, kaiako o pūtahi mahi i roto i te mātauranga atu o tamariki, kaimahi pāpori me ētahi atu whakangungua. Ki te whakaaro tatou i tenei wā i roto i te tikanga whanui, Kei te maha whakamahia reira ka korero e pā ana ki te whakangungu o tangata katoa e pā ana ki te whakatipu me te mātauranga o te whakatupuranga o muri (mātua ngā).

pū

Kaiako Mātauranga o te Russian Federation āhuatanga e whakaritenga tiketike mō te mahi ngaio, me te te tuakiri o te kaiako, te kaiako rite te kaupapa o te tukanga mātauranga, me te kōrero ako.

Na reira, me te tukanga whakangungu tohu kia tangohia rawa tino. arotahi Modern whakangungu kaiako i runga i ngā mahi e rua. Tuatahi, he mea e tika ana ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga whaiaro pāpori me te uara o te kaiako i mua nei, tona paari tivira, me te morare, te ahurea whānui, whakangungu taketake. Tuarua, ki te hiahia whakatairanga i te whāiti me te whanaketanga ngaio i roto i te mara i whiriwhiri o mahi ako. Ka taea e tatou te mea e te whanaketanga tonu o te tuakiri o te kaiako - ko te pūtake whāinga me tikanga ki te whakarite i te whai huatanga o te whakangungu o ngā kaiako he kaha'ú.

He hītori iti

timata te hītori o te mātauranga kaiako i roto i Russia i te rau tau XIX. Na, ka te aroaro te pūnaha ki te whakangungu ngaio motuhake i roto i te hahi-kaiako, 'seminelí me ngā kura tuarua-piha o kaiako, akoranga hoki mātauranga raro tuarua i roto i te kura te pīhopatanga me te kōtiro' kaiako kura, me te whakangungu atu, i kawea i roto i runga i ngā akoranga ako motuhake.

i whakatuwheratia pūtahi mātauranga hei wāhanga o ngā whare wānanga, e tika ana hoki te faaineineraa o ngā kaiako o ngā kura ā-rohe me te gymnasiums. Mātauranga i roto i a ratou roa hoki te 3 tau, me ka nui haere ki te 4 tau i 1835. i faaineine ia kaiako ki te whakaako e rave rahi mau tumu parau.

Mai 1859 i whakaritea ai tetahi atu tauira mo te kaiako whakangungu nei kua i te mātauranga whare wānanga. Open akoranga mātauranga mō ngā raukura o Physics, Pāngarau me History ko philology. Historical a Philological Institute i roto i te pa tawhito ataahua (whakaturia i roto i te 1875) me St Petersburg (1867) whakaputaina i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX, te nuinga o nga kaiako mō gymnasiums puāwaitanga. i rite ki nga whare wānanga ēnei kura tūmatanui.

I roto i Russia, i reira ko tetahi huinga o preconditions mo te putanga o te mātauranga teitei i roto i te mutunga o te XIX me rautau wawe XX. mātauranga Kaiako me te pūtaiao riro rawaka te whanaketanga i roto i tenei wā o te wā, he maha pūtaiao mahi i roto i te pipiki ariā (V. P. Vehterov, P. Kapterev, V. M. Behterev, me ētahi atu.).

Ko te whare wānanga i te timatanga o te rau tau XX reira i whakaaro e rua ngā ariā o te mātauranga tatou. I hāngai te tuatahi o enei i runga i te whakaaro o te whakarato whakangungu i roto i te aravihi ako tari o te mātauranga ranei. I mahara te reira ki te ngā akoranga ariā, me te mahi rangahau. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite i te mahi whakaako i hanga pūtahi tautoko i te manga. Ko te ariā tuarua fakahu'unga te hanganga i muri i te whare wānanga, ka arotahi i runga i te rangahau me te whanaketanga.

I te wa ano, i reira te mea he tauira o te mātauranga kaiako, e kiia nei ko wāhi. ngā whakangungu Vocational i ki te mātauranga teitei. E rua tau i roto i te puka o kauwhau homai mātauranga pūtaiao whānui, hoki i aru i te reira na roto i te whakaako mahi i roto i te kura tuatahi hākinakina ranei.

Ko te wā Soviet

I roto i te RSFSR i muri ka kaha 2 takaí ahua hanganga ako. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - he tū, pūtahi whakangungu (kura hangarau, me te whakangungu kaiako'inisititiuti). hāngai ana te ihirangi o te mātauranga i i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi tōrangapū. Ko te kōwhiringa tuarua - he akoranga wā-poto nui. i whakaritea ratou mo te haepapatanga o te illiteracy me whakatö-tōrangapū papatipu.

I te timatanga o nga 1930. utua aro nui te ki te whakangungu o ngā kaiako he kaha'ú i homai nga tumu o Marxism-Leninism, te mātauranga ā-tinana me te whakangungu hōia, me te ako e pā ana ki te 10% o te wā o te piha haapiiraa. I roto i te 1935, whakaurua o te Iwi Commissariat i roto i aravihi katoa marau hou (anake hītori). I homai nui te wa ki te hinganga o ngā pūkenga whakaako, tohutohu me akoranga fili. riro te āhua wahi o te kaiako hei kaimahi wä. Ko te whāinga matua o te whakangungu i ki te faaineine kaiako e î ki nga whakaaro o te Communism.

I roto i te 30raa o ia käwanatanga motuhake i te evanelia mātauranga kaiako. I roto i te 1956, kareti kaiako ', i hoatu he pahara teitei e puta ke mātauranga ki ngā kura me ngä whare wänanga ako, whakangungu i roa 5 tau.

Mātauranga i roto i te wā pou-Soviet

Mai 1990, mātātoa whakawhanakehia te whakahou o te mātauranga kaiako. E haamata te reira i te atamira hou, āhuatanga nei i te te meka e te kore mau te politicized te whakahaere o tenei tukanga. Kua mātauranga Kaiako kua te ahanoa o ture ture. Ko te pūtake o te mātauranga Russian whakahoutia he huarahi ākonga-fakatefito ki ia ākonga. Reira rapu hoki ki te whakarite i te tapatahi o te hōtaka ngā mātauranga me te whakangungu i runga i ngā uara tangata, ngaio me te whanaketanga whaiaro o ngā kaiako he kaha'ú. E whakaatu ana te mātauranga kaiako History e Nōna reira maha fifi, te ngongo i te pai katoa.

Ko te ahunga matua o te mātauranga i ēnei rā

Kei te tipu te mātauranga ako Modern ki ma'á. tamata te reira ki te whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga tonu o te ahurea tangata, tona ahua. hāngai ana tēnei ki te wāhanga hakari o te whanaketanga o te hapori.

Kei te hoko te reira i whakatau piki nui o ngā raruraru hapori nui o ngä pütahitanga mätauranga kaiako, pērā i te tātari o ngā mahi mātauranga, me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te te hanganga mātauranga i roto i te rohe (kei te tautoko i te reira e te hiahia tūturu o te rohe i roto i te hanga o pokapū o te ahurea me te mātauranga).

Ko te tūranga motuhake o tenei momo o te whakangungu, ko te ki te whakarite e tetahi o nga tika tangata hou nui - te tika ki te mātauranga ki te tiaki i te huru o ngā ākonga, ina koa tamariki, i te haua i runga i te wahi o ngā pakeke, tīmata ki te mātua, me ki nga kaiako, nga kaiako ao ngaio.

I roto i te rau tau XXI reira ko he neke ki te tauira e rua-taumata tohanga o nga nekehanga a parau tu'ite, me te ariki o. integrated RF mātauranga Kaiako ki te wāhi mātauranga Pākehā.

raruraru

I roto i te ao i teie mahana, whai wāhi ki te nui mutunga kore o te mōhiohio iwi. Tino hoki riro te kaha ki te tango tikanga hononga whawha, te whakaoti rapanga, ki te hapu me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa ki te hanga mahi kore-mama.

raruraru mātauranga kaiako ko ki te faaineine i tohunga taea ki te mahi i runga i te hanganga o te tuakiri i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga auaha me te ao hou,, whai Tiro pāpori-hāngai o te ao. E hiahiatia ana ngä whare wänanga ako Modern ki te faaineine i ākonga e e taea ki te mahi i runga i te whanaketanga whaiaro, i te mea te tumu parau o te hapori ā-ahurea maha, integrated i roto i te wāhi motu, me te ao.

Ko te au o te whakangungu o ngā kaiako heke mai i runga i te pūtake o te parau tumu modular me te huarahi matatau i roto i te whakangungu hanga hoki raruraru o te mātauranga kaiako me te me kia puta ke hōtaka i roto i runga i te whakaritenga hou o te mooni. I teie mahana, te rota o te wā i roto i te whakangungu hoatu ki nga ākonga o te ariā, i roto i te mahi kua hoatu reira iti rawa te wa. He he he hiahia hoki ki te teitei pütahitanga mätauranga mahi tahi me ngā kura, me kareti ki arotahi ki runga i te whiwhi ngā ākonga me te wheako pai.

Ko te hononga ki te pūtaiao

tamata mātauranga Kaiwhakaako me pūtaiao ki te pupuri ake, ahakoa e kore e taea nga wa katoa tenei. Ko te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao ko kore ko nga wa katoa hohoro whakaurua ki te pūnaha mātauranga auaha tere. Aita i maoro a'e, Heoi, whakamahia he rota o tikanga whakaako hou. Rorohiko e kua rite rawa ki te hōtaka whakangungu-kounga tiketike maitai taea akakoromaki i te mahi whakahaere akoranga. Hoatu te whanaketanga hou pūtaiao, tüäpapa whakamātautau, tikanga me ngā hangarau o te mātauranga me te mātauranga-whaiaro.

mātauranga kōhungahunga kaiako

hōtaka whakangungu mō te mātauranga kōhungahunga hangaia ki te whakatau i nga whakaritenga o te mooni. utu mātauranga kōhungahunga kaiako aro nui ki-kura i mua, whānui, ako hinengaro, me te hinengaro. Ka taea ki te tono i to ratou matauranga i roto i te institution mātauranga tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti i te pokapū o te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki i roto i te kura-i mua, te mātauranga Tuarua, whakangungu atu, i roto i te pokapū o te auahatanga o ngā tamariki, me te ki te kawe i roto i ngā mahi motuhake whakaako (kaiako, nanny, upoko o te pokapū o te tamariki paetahi o te whakangungu , kindergarten).

Ngā wāhanga o ngā tohunga mahi

Ko te kaiako o te mātauranga kōhungahunga mau tamariki te mahi mātauranga, me te ako, hanga nga tikanga mo te ora whakamarie o ngā tamariki i roto i to ratou noho i roto i te whare kōhungahunga, tamata ki te ite i te āhuatanga takitahi o ngā tamariki. Ia heheu hoki nga āhua kūware o te hononga o ngā mātua, whakaraupapa kōrero, whakahaere ngā mahi ārai (hui, awheawhe).

Vocational me te kaiako whakangungu

Tenei ariā tā te hanganga o te tangata ko wai e ahei ana ki te tōtika ite ratou i roto i te mātauranga tuatahi, me te tuarua, ka taea e ite wāhanga katoa o te tukanga mātauranga integrative, te mahi i te whānui tonu o ngā mahi ngaio-mātauranga. hei te mātauranga Kaiako me te kaiako ngaio e pā ana, engari tata kua atu noa.

mātauranga atu

he tika hoki whakangungu kaiako atu whakangungu kaiako. Hoki, me tona awhina, kawea whakangungu faahaamana'oraa no te i roto i, e hiahiatia nei te ki te whakahou ratou mōhiotanga ngaio, te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga mahi, ia faaineine no te mahi mahi hou. I tua atu, te whakahaere whakangungu atu o ngā ākonga o te wahi-wā, me te-wa tonu ngā ākonga.

mutunga

Ko te kupu, e taea te mea te reira e te mātauranga kaiako - he taumata-maha, me te tukanga matatini e arotahi ana i runga i te faaineineraa o ngaio, mātauranga, me te pukapuka whakapaipai, e ka e taea ki te ora ki runga ki o ratou tumanako o te whakatupuranga hou o te whakangungu me te mātauranga.