Mātauranga kōhungahunga: pūnaha, institution

mātauranga mua-kura te matau o nga tamaiti, whakatinana nei te pūtahi whakangungu e hāngai ana, Heoi, e taea te kawea i roto i na te mau metua i runga i to ratou ake tikanga ora.

whakaatu tatauranga e i roto i pā ana ki tetahi toru o te mau utuafare Russian kore e taea e ki te whakaara i te tamaiti i roto i te āhua o ngā pūtahi faaineineraa. Na reira, mātauranga kura-i mua i roto i to tatou whenua, mahi rite tetahi o nga kaupapa matua o te kaupapa here taitamarikitanga.

Ko te hītori o te pūnaha mātauranga kura-mua i roto i Russia

I muri i te whenua Pākehā i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 i runga i te wāhi motu anga ki te puta faaineine whare mātauranga. whakapumautia te kindergarten noa tuatahi i roto i to tatou whenua i roto i te tau 1866 i roto i St Petersburg. I te wa ano i timata ki te puta pūtahi whakangungu tūmataiti mo nga tama a te intelligentsia.

I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau 20, ka kua whakawhanakehia tino te hōtaka mātauranga o te mātauranga kōhungahunga i roto i Russia. i whakatuwheratia Access ki te iwi whānui te papatipu katoa o utua me utu pūtahi faaineineraa. Ko te whenua kua mahi tonu e rave rahi kindergarten, te whakahaere o i ko tata ki te taumata o nāianei.

mātauranga Pre-kura i roto i te wā Soviet

Te hōtaka tuatahi, kia rite ki nei i ki te mahi i whāngai kindergarten kāwanatanga katoa i roto i 1934, ka kua mai 1938 tautuhi nga mahi matua o taua pūtahi, i hanga te hanganga o pūtahi, tuhia marôraa kindergarten mahi, ngā kaiako arata'iraa whakaurua.

I roto i te 40s o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua tae mātauranga kōhungahunga ta'ehanotatau mo taua wa whanganga. Access ki whakangungu free riro atu atu i te rua miriona tamariki puta noa i te whenua.

I roto i te 1959, he tino hou kura-i mua mātauranga i roto i te puka o creches. i taea e ēnei mātua unga i runga i to ratou ake kuao 2 ki te 7 tau te pakeke, reira neke te raruraru ki nga pokohiwi o ngā kaiako mātauranga tūmatanui, me te wetekina i te wa noa ki te mahi mahi.

whakahou whānui o te pūnaha mātauranga, i kawea i roto i roto i to tatou whenua i roto i te wā i te mutunga o nga 80 ki waenganui-90 o te rau tau whakamutunga arahina ki te hanganga o te "Concept o te mātauranga kōhungahunga." he maha o te mau parau tumu faufaa, i nga ki te whai i te kaiako i roto i te whakatipu o ngā tamariki i roto i te tuhinga:

1. Humanization - te whanaketanga o te mahi pakeke, te faatura mo nga tika o etahi, aroha o te utuafare, me te ao i waho.
2. whanaketanga tuakiri - whakapakari o te hauora tinana me te hinengaro o te tamaiti, te āwhina i roto i mahara ki nga taketake o te whakaaro me te mahi.
3. Takitahi me te pārōnaki mātauranga - te hinaaro whanaketanga o te tamaiti, whakangungu kōhungahunga e hāngai ana i runga i ō rātou ngākau nuitanga whaiaro, me ngā āheinga.
4. Deideologization - Whāki o uara tangata, te makanga o te Māoritanga ngā i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka mātauranga.

pūtahi pūtea

mohio rōpū pūtea pai-kore takotoranga, rite ki te ture i te mana, ā-rohe tinana kāwanatanga-whaiaro ki te whakarato i ngā ratonga ki te iwi whānui i roto i te mātauranga kōhungahunga. Ko te taonga o enei pūtahi no ki te āhua i te tika, engari whakawhirinaki i roto i te whakahaere o te tikanga o te mana mātauranga.

Pūtea kindergarten tūmatanui i te pūtea i roto i te puka o karaati. e kore e taua whakahaere rāhuitia i mahi mahi, ki te manako ki a koutou e hāngai moni i te whakatutuki i te whāinga mō i hanga te faanahoraa.

pūtahi motuhake

fokotuu pūnaha mātauranga mua-kura te taea o te whakahaere o ngā pūtahi motuhake. Tenei kāwai ngā pūtahi i ngā kaupapa o te Russian Federation mo te whakarato o ngā ratonga mātauranga.

Pūtea o kindergarten motuhake i te utu o ake moni o te kaiwhakarewa, i roto i moni karaati ranei. Ka taea te whakaratohia ngā ratonga tūmatanui konei rite te utua a noa o te tiaki. whakaritea te taonga o ngā pūtahi motuhake te ki te whakahaere me te tukua ki te whakahaere motuhake.

Ko te mahi o hou pūtahi mātauranga kōhungahunga

Na tohatoha taua mahi mahi o ngā rōpū mātauranga kura-i mua:

• whakatairanga hauora hinengaro, me te tinana o ngā tamariki, te tiaki o te ora o nga tamariki;
• whakarite tupu pāpori me te whaiaro, te whanaketanga o ngā kaha kupu, te mauruuru o ngā hiahia rerehua ;
• tamariki mātauranga kei i runga i to ratou tau, te whanaketanga o te aroha ki te ao, te faatura mo nga herekore me tika o ētahi atu;
• taunekeneke ki ngā mātua, te whakarato ārahitanga me te tohutohu ki ngā whānau taitamariki.

Ko te kaiako o te mātauranga kōhungahunga

Ko te mahi matua o te kaiako - te whanaketanga o te tuakiri takitahi motuhake o te tamaiti, te whākinga o nga turanga o perception o te ao, te hanganga o ngā uara e pā ana ki te āhua me te hapori.

kia whai Kaiako i roto i te mātauranga kura-i mua i te mau huru e whai ake nei:

• whanaketanga o te whakaaro, wā-roa, me te RAM;
• pūmautanga nui aronganui, ratings objectivity, te mărû e, me te morare;
• aroha ki te tono taiao;
• wātea o ngā pūmanawa auaha;
• te kaha ki te hohoro whakawhiti whakarongo;
• aroha, ngāwari, te whakawa, kaupapa.

Ngā momo o kōhungahunga hou

Homai te hiahia ki te mahi tahi me ngā rōpū tau rerekē, me te aronga motuhake o ngā tamariki mātauranga takitahi, i reira ko nga momo e whai ake nei o kōhungahunga pūtahi mātauranga:

1. kindergarten Traditional - whakatinana hōtaka whakangungu noa, me te mātauranga o ngā tamariki.
2. Kei te te whakarite tamariki te pakeke i te 2 marama ki te 3 tau - Kindergarten mō ngā tamariki a te tīmatanga o tau. Te kawenga mō te hanga o ngā āhuatanga tino pai e whakatairanga whakawhanaunga wawe, me te urutaunga o ngā tamariki ki te ao.
3. Kindergarten mō ngā tamariki pakeke, tau kōhungahunga - whakatinana taketake hōtaka mātauranga, me te mahi ano i roto i te whakaako tamariki tau 5-7 tau i roto i ngā rōpū motuhake, e kua whakaratohia rite whai wāhitanga mō te angitu i mua nei i roto i te kura ki.
4. Kindergarten whakaora me te mātakitaki - e ua ite hōtaka kura-i mua e kore e anake, engari ano hoki kawea i roto i ārai, hauora, me te mahi rerenga parukore.
5. Paremata pūtahi - kawea te aronga i roto i runga i te ako tohu o ngā ākonga hauātanga hinengaro, me te tinana.
6. Kindergarten ki te kaupapa matua mo te mahi motuhake - i roto i te tua ki te mātauranga whānui, te whakatau ngä mātauranga, whaiaro, pāpori, rerehua me ngā hiahia toi o te tamaiti.

I roto i te mutunga

Ahakoa te pūnaha āhua pai whakawhanakehia-o pūtahi mātauranga kura-i mua i te mea tonu he take tataramoa i roto i to tatou whenua e noho te whakapai ake o ngā kaimahi whakaako, te hanganga o 'ulungaanga whaiaro o ngā kaiako i runga i te papa whenua o te hinengaro te ao.

whākinga tonu o te pūmanawa ako, te whakanui ake i te mātau o ngā kaiako, whaiaro-mātauranga, ao hou me te whanaketanga o pūtahi whakangungu o te tamariki o te pūnaha - ko tetahi o nga raruraru rû roa i roto i te mātauranga kōhungahunga tenei katoa.