Methods o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa. Methods me taputapu o te whakatinanatanga kaupapa

Ko ngā faufaa mahi o te wā "kaupapa". Kei te matau te reira e tetahi mahere kotahi. Ka rite ki te kaupapa kei etahi raruraru ki te raraunga taketake me nga whāinga (te putanga e hiahiatia ana). stipulate Tata pehea ki te whakatau i te reira. I tua atu, i roto i te tuhinga nei whakaaro tatou etahi o nga tikanga o te kaupapa. Ka hoki te aroaro tauira o ngā whakaritenga.

Overview

Kaupapa Ko katoa e whai wāhi ki te huringa taiao. Tenei kāwai ngā:

• Construction o whare.
• Hanganga o ngā rōpū hou.
• Whanaketanga me te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa rangahau.
• Anō o hinonga.
• Ko te hanga o te kaipuke.
• Ko te hōtaka o te kaupapa i runga i introduction o taputapu hou, me te hangarau.
• Waihanga ana kiriata.
• Ko te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa-motu mo te whanaketanga o ngā rohe, me te ake.

kupu

whakarato pūnaha whakahaere kaupapa mo te waihanga o ngā whāinga, e hanga nei e ake mo te whakatutukitanga o ngā tikanga hangarau, te whakatinanatanga o te tuhinga whakahaere, te whakamahi o te mahi, rauemi, me te tahi atu rauemi ranei. Tenei hanganga ngā te huānga e whai ake nei:

• Raruraru (mahere).
• Methods o te whakatinanatanga kaupapa (tikanga mō te whakaoti i te raruraru).
• Pānga whiwhi i roto i te tukanga o te fakahoko.

I roto i te raruraru eke wā o te kaupapa.

āhuatanga motuhake

arotahi te pūnaha whakahaere kaupapa e ka hāngai i roto i te wa hanganga raupapa. Kei roto te reira i te matatini mua, ngā mahi kotahi, me te wā auau (mahi mahi ranei). He nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te Mahere Whakatinana Project:

• ngā hanganga Takitahi me matatini.
• Whīwhiwhi.
• Pū me te ihirangi o ngā hua pūtea.
• whakatinanatanga kōhikohiko.
• Motuhake tīmatanga me te mutunga rā - te mahi i roto i te wa.

Acting rite te plurality o ngā mahi me mahi, tenei hanganga ano kua te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Mārama o ngā whāinga ki te kia tutuki. Kei te Karauna, i te mahia tukutahi o etahi whakaritenga ōhanga, hangarau me te tahi atu.
• hononga waho, me te ā o ngā mahi, ngā mahi mahi, me te whakamahi rauemi. enei āhuatanga katoa rapu rawaka ruruku i roto i te mahere iteraa.
• rauemi Limited.
• Tetahi taumata o mana āhua o te tikanga iteraa, whāinga o te kaupapa.
• Ko te tūturu o te putanga o ngā pakanga.

tangata hiahia

Ka taea te whakaaro e te kaupapa he koloa ngā, whakatinana nei i roto i runga i te tikanga me ngā hiahia o te kiritaki - pea rangatira. I roto i te ōhanga mākete, mahi reira hei rōpū hiahia. Rangatira (kiritaki) Kei te haumi i roto i te kaupapa ake tono ranei moni. Te riroraa hiahia i roto i te mahere apataki, hanga ana e ia ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki ngā take o te wā mō te whakatinanatanga, utu, mana te kounga me ētahi atu.

Methods o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa: te uara

Techniques e kua whakamahia i roto i te ahua o te hapu, tukua:

• Tautuhia te whāinga o te wawaotanga matatini, kawe tohu o tona noho tuwhera tonu.
• Te tautuhi i te hanganga o te kaupapa. I roto i tenei take, haere mai te reira ki te whakatau huānga pērā i iti-whāinga, ngā whāinga, e ki te mahi e hiahiatia ana te whakatutuki ranei.
• Te whakatau i te rauemi e tika ana, me te pūtea.
• Tangohia ake toi. whakaaro te ara tino noa o whakaoti tenei raruraru te ki kia tendering tetahi whakataetae.
• Whakapaia ka whiriwhiri kirimana.
• Hei whakatau i te wā o, whakapumautia te hōtaka o ngā kaupapa, ki te titau i te rauemi e tika ana.
• Whai wāhi tūponotanga.
• Hei whakarato i te mana o te whakatinanatanga tukanga o whakaaro.

Mai i te ahunga toi me te ruruku o ngā rauemi rawa, me te tangata i roto i nga hua o te kaupapa, ka whakawhirinaki ki runga ki ngā whakaaro mo te huringa ora. Hei whakatutuki i te whāinga i roto i ngā o te rōrahi me te hanganga o te mahi, te kounga, te wā, te utu, me utu e huarahi rerekē ki te whakamahi i te kaiuru.

Methods o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa: tauira o kaupapa

He maha ngā kōwhiringa e ai ki te whakatinanatanga nahanaha, me te whai hua o te mahere. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā:

• kaupapa mana matatau. I raro i tenei kaiwhakahaere pūnaha (upoko) o te kaupapa riro kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga i roto i te pūtea (whakaritea) utu. E whakarato ana i te whakahaere me te ruruku o ngā tukanga i roto i runga i te whakaaetanga i waenganui ia me nga kaitākaro. I roto i te kōrero kirimana kamupene ranei (i roto i te tahi mau wā, te u engineering) taea mahi rite te kaiwhakahaere.
• kaupapa hanga whakatere. I roto i tenei take, tavini te reira rite te matenga o te hoahoa me te hanganga kamupene. tomo te kiritaki ki te kawenata ki reira "turnkey".
• Ko te pūnaha matua. Ko te (upoko) i raro i te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa, te kaihoko (māngai) o te kiritaki e kore te mea, haepapa hoki te whakatau pūtea. Ka rite ki taea e te reira i tetahi kamupene - kaiuru o te kaupapa. I roto i tenei take, te kaiwhakahaere te kawenga mō te whakahaere me te tuitui i te mahi. e kore te mea ia i roto i te hononga kirimana ki te atu kaiuru (ki te haunga o te kiritaki). Ka taea te whakaaro te painga o tenei kaupapa kia rite ki te matenga o te objectivity. tu te ngoikoretanga te meka e takoto te mōrea ki te kiritaki.

kaupapa Investment

whakaaro ana tēnei whakamāramatanga i roto i ngā huarahi e rua. I roto i ngā, i raro i te kaupapa haumi e pā ana ki ngā mahi, mahi e whai wāhi te whakatinanatanga o te huinga ngā o ngā mahi, hua i roto i te whāinga e tutuki. I te tahi atu te ringa, ko te huinga o te whakataunga, me te pūtea, whakahaere, me te ture mea e tika ana mo te whakatinanatanga o te tahi mau mahi whanonga ki te whakaahua a ratou ranei. Ka rite ki kia haumi:

• tika rawa, e te tikanga whanganga i roto i ngā moni, ngaro hokohoko, raihana hoki te whakawhitinga o ngā tika rawa ahumahi.
• Earth.
• rawa moni ranei moni taurite (putunga, loans, whiwhinga, peeke, hea me hea i roto i te mana whakapaipai, mahi whakapaipai moni, putunga, me ētahi atu).
• Facilities, whare, ngā taputapu, me te tahi atu taonga, e kua tere, me te te whakamahia i roto i te hanga.

atu whakarōpū

He momo rerekē o kaupapa. Whakaröpütia ratou rite ki ngā paearu. hāngai tenei e momo ranei ki etahi tikanga o te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa. kia whakawhirinaki taatou o ngā tikanga i runga i ngā rauemi i whakamahia, ngā kaimahi, ngā whāinga, me ētahi atu buka. Hei tauira, te whai ake ngā momo o kaupapa:

• Iti. I roto i taua kaupapa e whakamahia ana tikanga māmā o te kaupapa, tikanga o te hanga i te rōpū, me te pera i runga i.
• Kounga, me te kohakore. I roto i taua kaupapa, tavini te take kounga tino (tipu te mana karihi).
• Megaprojects. tohu ratou te aronga ūnga, kei roto i te plurality o ngā pūnaha tūhonohono. Piri e te whāinga noa, tohatoha rauemi, me te te wa e i wahi mo ratou mahia.
• Multiproject. Ua riro raua na te huinga o te maha kaupapa e pā ana.
• Monoproekty. hanganga pērā rerekē rauemi mārama, rangitahi, me te tahi atu anga. E mahi ana ratou rite te rōpū.

wae mahi

e rua kāwai kupno tohaina ki tetahi kaupapa:

1. Ko te mahi matua. whewhe te reira i raro ki:

• ngā mahi mua-haumi.
• Whakamahere.
• Ko te waihanga o ngā tuhinga.
• Tendering, te takiuru o kirimana.
• Whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi hanganga me te tāuta.
• Tuhinga o te whakaaetanga.
• Tukunga o te kaupapa.
• Te faaohiparaa i, production putanga.
• Tapia o taputapu, me te whanaketanga o te production.
• Tuuraki o te taputapu (te katinga o te kaupapa).

2. whakarato o te kaupapa e pā ana ki te ngā e whai ake nei:

• Whakahaere.
• Ture.
• Kaimahi.
• Logistics.
• Pūtea.
• Marketing (arumoni).
• Mōhiohio.

hanganga

He he whakahaere o whanaunga me te whanaungatanga i waenganui i ngā huānga kaupapa. kaupapa Construction te nuinga i tāupe hanganga aroākapa. Kei te hanga e te reira i roto i runga i te tikanga mahi. ratou pūrere ā-i roto i te pā ana ki te iahiko tūturu kia pakaru iho ki:

• huānga production.
• wāhanga huringa Life.
• wāhanga hanganga whakahaere (tae atu ki ngā tikanga o te whakatinanatanga).

mahi te hanga

Nā ki te āta tāutu i te āhuatanga kawea i roto i te:

• He rärangi o te kaupapa ki ngā wae te whakahaere.
• Tohatoha o kawenga e pā ana ki te whakamahi, te whakatinanatanga, o te hunga atu ranei mehua, ki whakapumautia mahi ki ngā rauemi.
• tātari Accurate o nga utu e tika ana. Ēnei ngā rauemi moni, wā, rauemi.
• Hanganga o te pātengi raraunga kotahi mō te whakatau tata, whakamahere, me te mana o te ahunga o te moni.
• Te hono i te mahi ki te tauākī kaute.
• Ko te whakawhiti i te whāinga whānui ki ngā mahi motuhake e mahi wae whakahaere.

Hipanga i roto i te te hanga

He mea nui ki te whakarite i te whakatinanatanga whai hua o te mahi. Ka taea te māngai tukanga te hanga e whai ake:

• Hanganga o te mau opuaraa o te rakau. I roto i tenei take ko reira he pātai o te tuhi ake kaupapa o kauwhata e whakaatu ana pēhea te te pakaru te whāinga ki raro ki iti-whāinga taumata muri. Na faaite te reira i te hononga, me te raupapatanga o ngā huānga.
• Tuhi ake he rakau whakatau. E whakaatu ana tēnei hoahoa i te hanganga o te mahi o te mä te tukanga maha-atamira. Ko te manga tohu ngā rerekē tango wahi, kōpuku (akitū) tohu ngā wāhi i roto i nei i reira ko te akiaki ia o whiriwhiri.
• Hanganga o te mahi rakau. Hoki ia wāhanga o te mahi o hapu te whakatinanatanga ki kia wehea ki nga wahi.
• Waihanga i te hanganga whakahaere o te whakahaere. Ko te whāinga o tenei mahi, ko te kore noa ki te tohu i te kaitapere. Waihanga i te mōkihi o mahi, e tohu te tangata whai wāhi i roto i to ratou whakatinanatanga. hanga tenei reira taea ki te faaineine i te hoahoa whatunga ngā puutahitanga.
• pau ngā rauemi Mātauranga hanganga. He mea tika ki te tātari i te moni e tika ana mo te mahi o ngā mahi matatini. I tua atu, i whakaritea te tari te kawenga mō te whakatinanatanga o ngā mehua.
• Hanganga o tauira whatunga. I roto i te akoranga o te kaupapa te hanga i te rakau o ngā whāinga, me te iti-whāinga i hanga hanganga o ngā rauemi o nga mea katoa. riro nga rauemi e tika ana mō ia taumata i roto i te kauwhata aroākapa hanga.
• Tuhia kawenga kopu.

huarahi pūtaiao

Hoahoa Ko te hui nui. E titau te reira te matauranga o nga ture o te whanaketanga pāpori. tikanga o tēnei e kore e taea e whakawhirinaki reira anake i runga i nga hiahia tuakiri o te iwi. Peia atu o te subjectivity tukua tikanga pūtaiao o te whakatinanatanga kaupapa. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, ngā te whakamahi o te kopu o whakaaro. Tenei kaupapa Ko tā te faaineineraa o rerekē rongoā i runga i te pūtake o te maha o ngā taurangi motuhake. Ko te tino hāngai i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa pāpori tenei tikanga. Ko te tikanga, ka whai ahua te fakangatangata rauemi.

kia hoki kia whakahuatia te reira ko nga tikanga nui o te kaupapa pāpori rite analogs me hoko whakamahia ki te tūranga. Ēnei huarahi i taea te mahi rite te tauira, tohutoro, ara, ki te kore katoa mahi atu ki te mutunga i roto i to ratou hanganga. Hoko whakamahia ki te tūranga taea ki a koe ake tika tohu i te mahi e kia whakanohoia i roto i te hoahoa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te faaauraa i roto i te hanga o te whakaaro tūmatanui i roto i te tikanga ao.

whakaaro te tikanga rawa e tika ana i roto i Association sotsproektirovanii. I roto i tenei take, i te tikanga o whakaoti rapanga i roto i te ao tūmatanui e taea te kitea te ara taiva ore, me te māmā. Tenei tikanga ko te huinga o enei tikanga rite te faaapîraa oti, whakarerekētanga me te urutaunga.