Tukanga Pakihi - he aha te mea tenei? Hoahoa, whaihanga, arotautanga o ngā tukanga pakihi

tikanga hou o te whakahaere kamupene e piki tarewa tikanga ke me hangarau. A ehara i te mea te reira huatau, engari no te mea he reira watea, me te tōtika. Ko tētahi o ēnei tikanga wawahi mahi ngā mea katoa i runga i ngā wāhanga timatanga, me te ka whakaahua ana i roto i te taipitopito riro ia he tukanga pakihi. e te reira i te rota o te wā, engari kaupapa whakapae taea ki te kitea me te mau paruparu, me ngā kawenga rawa puru hipi me ngā mahi mārama. Kia haamau'araa whakahaere wā kia tuku etahi o ona kawenga ki raro te arawhata, ka wetekina koe wa mo te whakamahere rautaki.

Life rite ki te mahere

Ko tētahi atu mea, ko te e te tokotoko o kamupene maha e kore e matau ki te hiranga o tenei tikanga, me te manako te hinaaro o te whakahaere ki te tāutu i ngā tukanga pakihi matua. Otiia, piki to tatou ki te mahino te whakatauira, me te whakaahuatanga o ngā mahi pūmotu o ia kōwae, a tae noa kaimahi. Ahakoa kino, ki te te āhua o te kamupene i reira he kaimahi e ako tukanga pakihi te kamupene o. Ratou tonu e pā ana ki te tahi mea e inoi ratou, raruraru me te kore pokanoa ki te whakatinanatanga o tika kawenga mahi o ngā kaimahi katoa. He aha ki te mahi?

Kia tīmata a i tawhiti. Katoa ata, i mua i te nuinga o tatou i te mahi - ki te haere mai ki te mahi. Hoki te hiahia ona rongoā angitu wa ake ki te ara, te tiki tahi me te tango i te wahi i roto i te tahi mau waka (ahakoa ko reira he motokā whaiaro ranei te motokā arā raro). Next, e taea te whakakahore ia wāhanga ki raro ki ngā tukanga iti: i roto i te tikanga ki te ara ake i runga i te wā, ka taea e whakaturia e koe he whakaoho, a ka taea e koe ui tangata ki te ara ake koe, me ētahi atu Ahakoa o te hua whakatau tikanga (ti'ai te wā) kei te tae ... Otira whakatika, nga utu, me te ara ki te mahi rerekē ngā tikanga rongoā me te hua mutunga. Mau, ka haere matou ki te whakamāramatanga tuatahi.

Hoki he aha te reira katoa e hiahia ana koe

Na, ko te tukanga pakihi - he raupapa motuhake o ngā mahi ohie e taui i ngā rauemi ki te hua mutunga whai hua. I roto i to tatou hi'oraa o te ora, i reira e toru tukanga rerekē, ia o nei titau ona ake mōhiohio tāuru me i muri i etahi whawhe arata'i ki te hua e hiahiatia ana. Haere ki te kamupene. Noa'tu o koutou mahi i roto i ia kamupene te mahi i whakaritea e te hononga ngaio o ngā kaimahi: te tuku o ngā mōhiohio, te whakamāramatanga o te hiahia mo te hua, tātari o te hanga me ngā rauemi, etc. A ko reira nui ki te mōhio e katoa o te runga ake he uara anake, ki te e tutaki e toru tikanga ..:

- Mōhiohio hoatu ki hiahia i roto i tona kaimahi;

- mahi tenei kei te i te wa e tika;

- te puka i roto i nei aroaro mōhiohio ko, he tino māmā, me te māmā.

Hei huihuia ake nga runga ake, e taea te tohe i te reira e te tukanga mahi - ko te rere o te kōrero, te whakautu ki ngā pātai e toru: he aha, kei hea, me te ka. Ko reira hoki i whakamana i taua mahi pai, me te tonu, he mea e tika ana ki te whakatau ona wāhanga. I roto i tenei take ki reira ka kia tāruarua o ngā mahi, te kore o te artist downtime ranei.

A, no te he tukanga pakihi mārama, mutu ia kaimahi ki te kia mahuinga ia. Kia mahara ki te tini o nga wa i ki te tatari, ka reira ka waiho he hōhipera (ranei hoki i vacation) etahi o ona hoa; i roto i to koutou ngaro i runga i te waea e kore e mutu noa waea, me te ngana katoa ki te feruri i roto i te mea me pehea e mahi koe. A, ki te urupare koe ki te tono mō te arata'iraa a hanga he whakamārama tika taipitopito o ngā tukanga pakihi, ka taea e koe te ngakau, me te marino, ka wātea, me ētahi wā tika mo te tina ...

Tahuri ki te whakamāramatanga reo ōkawa, ka tautohe tatou e te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga mahi, te kamupene e enei whāinga:

• mahino te hanganga whānui o te whakahaere me te whakatau i nga akiaki o tona whanaketanga;
• te tāutu i ngā wero o nāianei, me ngā whai wāhitanga ki te taea hoki ratou e;
• whakapumautia mārama mō ngā kaiuru katoa (ngā, kaiwhakamahi, kiritaki, etc ...) whāinga me ngā whāinga o te pūnaha;
• whakatakoto i te whakaritenga mo te pūmanawa e tika ana.

O te akoranga, i tahaki, he o kahore moni whakaahuatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi. Otiia i konei ko reira hoki reengineering - te mahi tuatahi. Anake e mahara ki te hanganga o te hononga, me te ara rere pārongo, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki ö te kawenga pū o rua te hinonga me ona wehewehenga takitahi. Ko e te faanahonaho e kawea atu i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i etahi whāinga: ki te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ratonga kiritaki; whakaiti utu; whakarato haere noa nui i roto i ngā whakatau kaihaka (whakaiti o ngā o mahi o mahi), me te pera i runga i. d.

whakarōpū ohie

Nuinga o ngā wā, i te hiahia ki te whakaahua i te tukanga pakihi mōhiohio puta i roto i hinonga ki te hanganga mahi-hāngai. Ko te take i te whāinga, me ngā whāinga o kia papā tari rerekē ki ia atu. Tenei ka arahi ki te whakaiti i roto i te moni i te kamupene o kore anake, engari ano hoki ki tona mate o te whakataetae.

Ko te huarahi hou ki te whakahaere, ko te piki he tukanga i roto i te taiao. whakaaro te mahi katoa e rite te huinga motuhake o ngā tukanga (ia o e ngā o tetahi e rave rahi ngā mahi timatanga ranei). Hei whakamana me te whakakotahi i te huarahi whāngai e ngā kāwai taua tukanga (whakarōpū e wahi i roto i te pā ana ki te uara-tāpiri te hua):

• taketake - nga mea i roto i nei te kamupene e tango moni: production, marketing, supply;
• mana - nga mea e whakatakotoria whāinga me ngā whāinga o ngā tari me kaihaka motuhake;
• tautoko - te hunga e whakarato rauemi production, engari e kore e tāpiri reira uara ki te hua whakamutunga: te faaineineraa me kōwhiringa o ngā kaimahi, te tautoko pūtea, te tiaki ture, etc ...

Hei tapiri mo nga motuhake kua whakahuatia o te take tangata me te urutaunga māmā o kaimahi hou, whakaahuatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi hanga taea reira ki te whakahaere tōtika utu whakahaere o te kamupene.

āhuatanga

Na riro te reira mārama e kore me te tautuhi i te kamupene whakahaere anake rere te mōhiohio e hāngai ana, engari mārama whakaahua i te mahi katoa. Mai tatou e matau kua e te tukanga mahi - he wāhanga o te mahi whānui, haere i te tangata tetahi ki tetahi (i roto i to koutou wae mahi ranei kahore - e kore e mea faufaa), ka neke ki runga ki te meka e taea te uouangataha katoa i roto i te ao. He mahi ngaio - noa atu pera.

Ahakoa o te hōkai o ia tukanga pakihi kia whakaahuatia ki te taua āhuatanga.

- Atanga - ko te timatanga, me te whakamutunga o te mahi ohie tenei.

- Ko te rangatira - he kaimahi kamupene, e kua kore anake te rauemi e tika ana ki te mahi ki, engari mahere hoki, tātari, te whakahaere i te tukanga; me tino nui - he reira te kawenga mō te hua.

- Takiuru - karere mōhiohio riro i roto i tetahi puka whakaae i roto i te hinonga, e whakatau i te hiahia mō te mōhiohio me te māka i te timatanga o te tukanga.

- Waiho - mōhiohio liliu wahi o te hua pau e te waho ki te kiritaki artist ranei.

- Kaiwaiata - te tokotoko o te kamupene, whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga taua.

- Rauemi - te rauemi o te mōhiohio mahi e kore nei e te huri i roto i te mahi ranei (me anake te kaimahi ki te taui i te mōhiohio wāhi ki te hua whakamutunga).

- mana Kounga - kia ahumahi ā-(hanga e te Kamupene Whakahaere) tohu ranei whakatau i te tōtika o te mahi.

kōwhiringa herea o te tukanga pūmotu

O te akoranga, me kia kore nga kamupene whakaahuatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi. Otiia, i reira e he maha o ngā take e kore e e mahi i waho e whakaware. He aha e te matua:

• aunoa Mahi o te hinonga kei te. I roto i tenei take, whakawhiti i te hoahoa tukanga pakihi hiahia kiritaki ki kaihātepe reo mania.
• Whakapai ake o ngā mahi te kamupene o. E kore noa te ao hou, o te taputapu me te hangarau ki te āwhina i te whakapai ake i te hua whakamutunga; arotautanga o ngā tukanga pakihi whakarato ha faingamālie ki te tautuhi i te pakaritanga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te mahi, me te tango i ngā rongoā mana e tika ana.
• whakahaere Tiwhikete mō paerewa o te ao (ISO). Hanga te taua mo kaimahi katoa o te pūnaha mana kounga.

Me pēhea te ki te tuku i te whakaahuatanga o te kiritaki

titau te whakatauira o ngā tukanga mahi he whakamārama o ia tūemi. Me pēhea te ki te rave i te reira painlessly mo te whakahaere? E toru tikanga matua tangohia i roto i te mahi ao: kuputuhi, whakairoiro me te ripa.

whakaahuatanga kuputuhi tā katoa o te ahu whakamua i roto i te raupapa ohie, me te mārama. Ko te puka me te te ihirangi taea e rānei noa (ki te kore i ano whakawhanakehia koe paerewa ao ahumahi ranei) me whakaritea tuhinga. Hei tauira: tari hoko whakawhiti tuhinga kaute mo te wā i roto i te tari whakamahere; kaimahi o te tari whakamahere ki te whakahaere i te mahi tātari ki te whakatau i te tohatoha me akiaki o te hiahia ki te hanga faatanoraa i te hanga; tuku te hua o te tari whakamahere kei te ki te tari hokohoko, te wahi i te tātaritanga o te take o te tupu (taka) Sales me m. d.

Kauwhata hoahoa tukanga pakihi taea ki sioloto nga hua o te mahi tātari. Kahore he take ki te fakamanatu e te perception ataata o te mōhiohio tino tōtika. Na reira, nga mea katoa o ngā tūtohi me ngā hoahoa taea ki te matau hohoro tatou te mea kei te tupu, me te kitea i te otinga tika.

I roto i te wā i reira te mahi matua o te ripeneta mahi - arotautanga o ngā tukanga pakihi, he mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i te puka ripa ki te whakaahua a ratou. Ki te reira māmā ki te mahino te raupapa o takahanga me te ahunga o te rere o te kōrero. Kei roto i te pereti momo kore anake te whakaahuatanga o te mahi o ngā waeine auau, engari ano hoki kauwhata o ngā tuhinga taumai me te putaatu, te taitara (ka taea te tohua rite te kōwae katoa, me te kaimahi takitahi), me te pera i runga i. D.

Me pēhea te ki te whakaahua i te tukanga pakihi

Ehara i te mea nui ki te kawe i roto i te tātari o ngā tukanga pakihi. Ko te mea tino nui i roto i tenei take, ko te tika, engari i te wa ano, me te noho pai o te whakaahuatanga. Hei timata ki te whakapuaki i te ingoa o te tukanga kotahi. E tauturu i tenei ki te mahino ona āhuatanga, mahi me te arorau i roto i te mekameka whānui o ngā mahi production.

Na kia whakapūtā koe e ngā mōhiohio tāuru hiahiatia hoki te mahia tika o te mahi, me te rārangi i te whakaratonga rauemi. Ko te raupapa tuhia o ngā mahi ohie, o nei e kore e te tukanga mahue me e kore e wareware tetahi mea.

e kore e taea te mahi i whakatauira o ngā tukanga pakihi i waho te rangatira tukanga me te aroturuki o tona pūnaha whakatinanatanga. Ki tenei mutunga, kia tuhia te reira i roto i te whakaahuatanga o te ngā paerewa o te mahi mahi me whakarārangi nga tuhinga e kua tonoa ki te hono e whai ake nei. Ki te faaohie koe te whakaahuatanga e titiro rite tenei: "... i muri i te tātari o hoko mo te wā te tari whakamahere kaimahi whakakiia ana te puka whakapumautia (tepu), e whakawhiti ki te tari hokohoko ..."

He kaupapa māmā o te whakaahuatanga o te tukanga whakaputa

I roto i te whakahiato i te whakaahuatanga e fehangahangai tino maha kaimahi ki te meka e kore e e matau me pehea ki te kōrero-waha nga tirotiro o ratou mahi. Ki he mārama, me te hanganga pūnaha tukanga pakihi, ka taea e koe te hanga i tētahi manatu. kitea te reira i te mau uiraa e hiahia ana ki te hoatu i te whakahoki mārama, me te āmiki nui taea. Na, he aha e nga pātai?

• He aha? E whakaahua ana te reira e āta hanga i roto i tenei mahi.
• Te aha? Whakawhiti ūnga mahi.
• A, no te? whakatau te reira i te tangata e tīmata te mahia.
• Ko wai? E pā ana te reira ki toi motuhake.
• Kia pehea te? ngā te reira i te rauemi e tika ana.

fokotuu Tukanga Pakihi Whanaketanga e taea e koe te whakamahi i ara katoa ki te whakaahua. Ko te kupu, whiwhi koe i te kaupapa tino taipitopito o te mahi. Ka whakakitea ahua whakairoiro te hononga o nga wae mahi, me te tepu kuputuhi, ka hoatu te ihirangi o ia mahi. Kia aroha mai, e kore te mea e taea te aunoatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi, kahore tenei mahi tuatahi wa-e kai ana.

Me pēhea te ki te kohikohi kōrero

I roto i te mahi kua mohiotia reira maha ara o pehea ki te whiwhi i te mōhiohio e tika ana. Tuatahi ti'a ia tatou ki te tātari i ngā tuhinga ture e te kaiwhakahaere kaimahi te kamupene o. Na kia whakahaere uiuiraa whaiaro ki ia hamani tika i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaahua i te ihirangi o tona mahi. I tua atu, ki te whakamahine me te whakamārama ngā take i tautohetia, kaiāwhina, me te whakamahi i kaitätari aroturuki i te whakatinanatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi.

Ki te he huarahi whānui ki te whakaoti i te raruraru, e kore e tukanga pakihi aunoatanga mea mahi na whakaware me te horihori.

rōpū mahi

A ano, ki te te mahi matua o te kamupene - tukanga pakihi aunoatanga, ka kukume haapa'o waho whakahaere kamupene e kore e mea ana ki te, e tika whakaara ake te pātai: "hea ki te tīmata?" Ko te mahi tuatahi ko te rōpū mahi o ngā kaimahi te kamupene o. Ko reira e minaminatia e whai nga ngā mema o te rōpū mahi pai pūkenga tātari me te kaha ki te whakarongo ki. I roto i te meka, rite kua tuhia, te nuinga o te mahi, ko te ki te whakahaere uiuiraa whaiaro ki tukanga pakihi ngā kaihaka.

Next, Me koe ki te hanga i te pikitia tino o te mahi o te pūnaha. Ka rite ki ki te ao hou, o te mahi hinonga, me te kawe pai ki te korero o te hanganga tino he pea ki te puta. Na reira ko te reira e tika ana ki te whakatika i te pūnaha, me te ahunga rere mōhiohio i te tīmatanga o te arotautanga.

He aha te mea i roto i te whakaahuatanga

I roto i te tikanga ki te karo whakama me te rangirua i roto i te whakaahuatanga o ngā tukanga pakihi, tūtohu tohunga te whakamahi o te tukanga mahere. Tenei tuhinga paerewa e tukua ki te whakakotahi mahi katoa ahakoa o te ao o mana o te kaitoi me te matatini o te ngā mahi whakaahuatia.

Ka taea te wehea tetahi whakaahuatanga ki te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• tukanga puka kotahi (te nuinga o te tepu);
• tukanga pakihi mahere (kia te aroaro i roto i tetahi puka - whakaahuatanga kuputuhi, he whakairoiro tepu ranei);
• ara (rerenga taumai me putaatu o ngā mōhiohio, ngā rauemi, me te pūtea);
• tāhū, o ngā tukanga pakihi (ngā Ripanga i waenganui i ngā tukanga rerekē e āhei ki te tohatoha rerenga tuatahi, me te tuarua, me ngā mahi);
• tūtohiripo (tūtohiripo o te tukanga pakihi);
• faataa mai whakaahuatanga tuhi;
• tuhi (te hanga tuhinga whakau tukanga mahi);
• te tāutu i tohu o te tukanga pakihi (rapu mahi me tohu, e taea te whakahaere i te ahunga whakamua e kore anake, engari ko te kounga hoki);
• tikanga (i roto i te kupu atu, te whakaahuatanga mahi).

tohu

Kua rite toutou kua tohu i roto i, me tetahi tukanga tahi mea whanganga. Ko reira te tuatahi e tika ana o te katoa ki te aromatawai i te tōtika o te hinonga katoa. Nuinga o ngā wā, tūtohu nga tohunga ki te whakamātau i ngā tukanga pakihi i roto i te wha āhuatanga: wa, utu, te kounga me te rahi.

Ko te tukanga pakihi tauira e hihiri, me te momo. Na ko reira maha e kore nui ki te aro mātai i te tere anake o mahi o te mahi; Me tango e koe ki te pūkete te tikanga mahi, me te hinonga hanganga. I tua atu, e kore e taea e tata katoa te ahumahi te tīariari, kahore kaituku, pūtea, logistics me hoa. Ko tohu ine ano hoki tenei.

A, o te akoranga, matou me kore e wareware e pā ana ki te pāpāho me te tauwehe te tangata. Ko te nui te taumata o te whakangungu, iti iho te wa, ka tangohia e te reira ki te arotake i ngā tohutohu, me te tomo i te mōhiohio.

I te ngakau o te nuinga o nga parau tumu o te tātari hanganga me te hoahoa (SADT - hanganga Analysis me Design Technique) whakatauira tikanga kei te whakatakotoria nei, me te tahi mau reo algorithmic. Ka taea e koe te kōrero e pā ana ki te oraraa o rave rahi tauira tukanga pakihi tātari matua:

- Tukanga Pakihi Whakatauira - i roto i te meka, te whakatauira - heheu te āhuatanga mahi o te oraraa kamupene.

- Mahi Rere Modeling - whakaahua ana rerengamahi me he rite ki te tuhi flowcharts.

- Raraunga Rere Whakatauira - pērā i te tetahi o mua, whakaahua ana te awa raraunga (ngā mōhiohio); Kei te hangaia te reira ki te whakaputa i te raupapa o ngā mahi.

huringa Shewhart, Deming

tūtohu tukanga pakihi Meiha (taea 1c tīpako ratou koutou i te rārangi whānui) te ki te whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga motuhake i huaina "Ture o te hanga mahi." Katoa e he iti nui i roto i te āhua ngā o te maha iti o ngā mahi ohie, te tikanga whakaahuatia i roto i te tuhinga tūranga mahi ranei.

I roto i te tuhi ake nga ture tango me ki pūkete nga tikanga o te huringa o te whakapai tonu o te kamupene (tauira Shewhart-Deming). Ko tōna tikanga tautohe e te arotautanga me whakapai ake - he tukanga e kore e mutu. Ie arā, o taua whakatau whakahaere i whakahaere inaianei he huringa nanakia: whakamahere, mahi, mana, whakarerekētanga.

I roto i te tuhi ake te ture e tango ki pūkete te mau parau tumu e whakarite tauira tautukunga Shewhart-Deming:

1. Ko te tātai o te ngā taumata mo te heke mai.
2. Analysis o nga akiakinga o ine, me te tuhinga o nga take e kiia.
3. Whakatau i o ngā mahi whakatika, me te tātari ratou whai huatanga.

kia Whanaketanga o te tauira i roto i runga i ngā ture pakihi. Ka rite ki te tikanga whakaaetia ture i roto i te manakohia o turanga normative-ture o te State i ai te kamupene whakahaere. Ko te tauira tuarua, ko te pūtake mo te kaupapa here rangatōpū te kamupene o.

Te whakatinana i te pūnaha whakahaere kounga, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i tiaki o te whanaketanga me te harmonization o tukanga pakihi. Mai tei tapaohia i roto i tenei tuhinga - e kore te mea tonu mārama ngā kaimahi te kamupene o tīmata te faufaa o te ao hou,. Mau mai i ki ia kaimahi te faufaa o te hanga i tētahi tauira whai hua o ngā tukanga mahi - te mahi o te kaiwhakahaere matua.

Hoki te pai-ka u ai me te pai-hangaia pūnaha e kore anake faaohie inaianei pae ū ki ngā paerewa kounga ao ISO 9001: 2008, engari ano tino whakapai ake i te tōtika o nga kaimahi.

Rua o enei āhuatanga arahi te kamupene ki te whakapiki ake i te whakataetae o te mākete, e, i roto i te tahuri, kua he pānga painga mō pūtea me kiritaki e rua.