Paerewa whakahaere kaupapa International

Ki te reira te mea he raruraru o ngā mahi arotautanga, me te take o te tautukunga puta i tahaki. Me tenei mahi tika, kaha tono tikanga whakahaere kaupapa. Ko te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa i te iti rawa ētahi atu paanga i roto i ki te whakaū i tō wheako ngaio ki hoa mahi me ngā kaituku mahi. Te hinaaro nei Oia ki whakamatau ratou mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga rite PM he ngaio, me te kia utua hoki ratou he utu. I roto i te hononga ki tenei paerewa tino nui te whakahaere kaupapa. I muri i te katoa, i runga i a ratou, ka taea e koe te kawe i roto i to ratou mahi, me te whakamatau ratou ake ngaio.

paerewa

whakaaro Standards te ki hei te täkupu me ngā tauira o ngā e kei rite ki ētahi atu ari taua. Ka taea hoki te karanga i te tuhinga paerewa, e āta nga tikanga, ture me ngā whakaritenga, ki te aromatawai i ngā hanganga ture ki a ratou i roto i te kaimahi. i waenganui i anake te whakamāramatanga tuatahi, me te tuarua, ko te puta ke nui. Ko te hāngai tuatahi ki te pai, a ka kei te tuarua, he kupu anake i runga i te āhua o ki te whakatata te reira.

He neke atu i te hawhe te rau, puritia ngā mahi hoahoa i te ao. Na reira, kua kawea mirioni o ngā tukanga o tenei natura i roto i, tae atu te hunga e whakamahi te otinga ahurei o ngā raruraru. I roto i tenei hononga, me i reira ko te hiahia ki te systematize tenei tukanga, tona whakatau me te whakakotahitanga. Na reira, i te reira pae hopea ka he peka motuhake o te whakahaere, te wahi i reira i tetahi momo o te kaupapa whakahaere tikanga me te paerewa.

Tuatahi, ko reira tika ki te tautuhi i te kupu noa me ngā ariā ki te taea ki te tiki i muri, ka whakarāpopoto i te whakaritenga mo te mahi, me tona kounga. Whakahaere te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau whakahaere kaupapa. I tenei pūtake, ko reira arorau e reira ko te hiahia ki te whakatau he aha huru maitatai me ngā pūkenga me te tangata ki te kia whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere kaupapa, me te aha sitepu kia tango i te reira ki te riro i te rangatira angitu.

momo o paerewa

Ko te kupu, i reira ko he hiahia ki te whakatū i ngā whare o te ako mana i roto i tenei rohe. I te tuatahi, kawea mea katoa i roto i te taumata motu, a ka tupu ki te ao. Ko te kupu, e kohia enei pūtahi, putu, ka hanganga wheako ki te mārama me pēhea ki te whakahaere i te kaupapa, a hoatu ana he hua raima. Hei whakatau i te paerewa whakahaere kaupapa, i tātarihia ka synthesized nga mahi pai. No te faatupu i tenei, whakamahi whakahaere e rua ngā wāhanga: te ahanoa me tuakiri. whakaaro e te nga kaupapa takitahi, me te kamupene katoa, tahi me nga whakaritenga tohu mātauranga o te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa. Ko te kupu, i reira nga rongoā huarahi ki:

1. Tautuhi me te mahara ki te kupu, te ahanoa o mahi o tenei rohe me te tūranga o ngā kaiuru katoa i roto i te kaupapa.
2. Whakarite i te ngaio whanaketanga me te whakahaere e mahi momo hoahoa o ngā mahi, me te hua mahi me te kakama o enei kaupapa.
3. I roto i te tohu, ko te matua he aromatawai haamauraa o ngaio tohu me, a tuarua whai mahi arotakea whakamahia e enei kaimahi ratou.

Ka taea te wehea paerewa whakahaere kaupapa ki wha momo: ao, motu, ahumahi me te hinonga.

PMI Institute o Paerewa me

timata te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakahaere kaupapa i roto i Amerika i roto i te Heoi. I pāngia te reira e te maha o ngā āhuatanga, rangatira i roto i nei riro era karihi ino, te whakataetae me te Soviet Union mo te raupatu o te wāhi me te hanga o te rautaki ārai hou. He ko he wa o tauiraa nui, me te hiahia ki te whakatū i te whakahaere kaupapa, me te ki te hanga i tētahi tauira ao i te whakakorekore noa hoki tenei. Na reira, i roto i 1969 i hanga te United States te whakahaere tuatahi pai-kore Project Management Institute, mahi nei i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa. Whakahaere Kaupapa hāngai i runga i ngā paerewa PMI puritia huri noa te ao, me te kaimahi neke atu i toru miriona ngaio i roto i tenei ao.

Ko te kupu i hanga te paerewa taketake, e hāngai ana i runga i nga tikanga o te whakahaere kia rite ki te pūnaha o te wheako te whakatakiruatanga o o kaupapa angitu, e wā i te uiui e kaimahi o te Institute. Tenei aratohu , a kua riro te reira i te paerewa ā-motu i roto i te mara o te whakahaere kaupapa i roto i te fenua Amerika. Ko te hua, me te angitu o tenei paerewa kawea ia i te motu ki te taumata o te ao. Ko te kupu, i te kau i runga i te whakahaere kaupapa paerewa PMI PMBOK whakamahia e kamupene huri noa te ao. Na whakawhanake tonu putanga hou o te paerewa, e hāngai ana i runga i haaputuputuraa auau o pai ngā mahi, me te ariā.

tauira Ngā pāhekoheko o ngā tukanga whakahaere kaupapa

ariā whakahaere kaupapa i hanga te pūtake o PMBOK Guide. Kei te hanga te reira i runga i te āhuatanga matua o te tauira tukanga me e ki pūkete ngā wāhanga katoa o te huringa ora kaupapa. I tua atu, e te reira ki pūkete nga wāhi mahi katoa o te matauranga e pā ana ki te wāhi whakahaere me o ratou taunekeneke i roto i te whakaurunga rangahau. He wahi nui i roto i te paerewa e te mahere whakahaere. I mua i reira ko tetahi putanga tuatahi, Institute rua tekau nga tau kohikohi nga raraunga e tika ana, me te mōhiohio. Na kua i roto i te 1986, kua puta PMI te arata'iraa tuatahi i runga i te pūtake o to ratou rangahau, nei te tonu ake i runga i ngā hou. I tēnei wā, i reira he putanga rerekē e rima e pai te āwhina i te whanaketanga pakihi, me te tohu i te paerewa whakahaere kaupapa motu American.

paerewa ISO

O te akoranga, i roto i te ao i reira e maha paerewa e kua tae mai ki te taumata ao. A ia o ratou ko te whakataetae e mura ki te tiki i te wahi o te rangatira o hangarau whakahaere kaupapa. He he he whanaketanga tamau o te mākete o ngā ratonga tohu me te haapa'o. korero te reira e pā ana ki te 'amanaki o tenei aronga. Na te wahi nui o te mākete e taea te tango i taua kaporeihana e riro te mana i ngā taumata katoa - i te ngaio ki te ao. E ka mahi ai ki te whakangungu, me te tohu o ngaio, te whakawhanake rite ki te hua o to ratou pūkete.

ISO (ISO) ko te whakahaere te ao matamua a tino kaha whakatapua ki te Waeine o tata katoa ngā wāhanga o te mahi, me te hangarau. No te mea ko ia te rangatira o Waeine i te taumata ao, te mea i te tika ki te whakauru i tetahi paerewa hou ki te pūnaha, he aha te mea, i roto i te meka, he tona rerekētanga matua i ētahi atu kamupene. Ko te taea e ki te whakarato ia takere kohakore o whakatairanga reira, pera me whai wāhi ki te taha uiui o tata katoa āhua. Ko te meka ko e kua tukua tupono katoa hoki te ārahitanga o te kamupene ISO paerewa whakahaere 21500 kaupapa: 2012. Ko te aratohu taketake ki te ngä whakahaere i roto i te nuinga o whenua ao tenei.

Rerekē ISO 21500: 2012 i te PMBOK

Ko te paerewa tuatahi i roto i te mara o te whakahaere o te kamupene kua whakapumautia ISO i roto i te 2003. roto te reira i te aratohu taketake e taea te whakarite mahi kounga o te kaupapa. Ahakoa mahere te kamupene o mo te tohatoha papatipu o te tuhinga, kihai i whakatikaia ratou. Na reira, i te 2012, kua whakawhanakehia ISO te tuhinga hou, i roto i te mahi tahi ki a PMI. Whakahaere Kaupapa, kua meinga nei te rite paerewa ki tona whakataetae i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha. Kei te nuinga kitea tenei i roto i te tiaki o te ōrite, me te faaoti o te hua.

āhuatanga matua o te paerewa e whai ake nei:

• kōwhiringa o ngā huarahi tino arotau ki te whakatinana i te kaupapa, ahakoa o tona whakatakotoranga;
• he pikitia whānui e he mārama ki ngā kaiuru katoa o te kaupapa, e tohu ana te mau parau tumu whakahaere whai hua me ngā tikanga;
• whakarato i tētahi pūtake ki te whakapai ake i te mahi hoahoa;
• Ko i te pūtake e fakatahai te paerewa o ngā taumata katoa i roto i te parae o te whakahaere kaupapa.

Huri i te reira i roto i taua he tino rite i roto i te te ihirangi enei paerewa e rua. Ko te tātaritanga tino matawhānui o te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā kaupapa ko te pūtaiao Polish Stanislav Gashik miramira te rerekētanga katoa i roto i te Waeine o te whakahaere kaupapa.

Waeine aronga ICB IPMA

whakaturia IPMA International Project Management Association i roto i Switzerland i 1965. Ko te whakaaro matua o tona hanganga i ki whakawhiti wheako i waenganui i nga kaiwhakahaere kaupapa o te āhua rerekē. A i roto i te 1998, whakatūria matou te ariā o te pūnaha o te tohu o te kaimahi ngaio i roto i te mara o kaupapa. E ko, i mahara tenei pūnaha ki te tiki i te paerewa i runga i te pūtake o e pai kia ki whakaatu i te mātau o tohunga. Ko te kupu i whakawhanakehia ai te paerewa ICB, e hāngai ana i runga i wheako mua, me te tango ki te pūkete te whakaritenga motu mo te mātau o te nuinga o nga whenua Pākehā. I te wa ano, i te tauira taumata-wha o te tohu kua whakaaetia.

I roto i te rerekē ki te paerewa whakahaere kaupapa kua whakaahuatia te ao, me te rangatōpū, ka mau ICB IPMA tona wheako turanga te hanga, te matauranga, me te mohio o nga kau taki i te mara o te whakahaere kaupapa. Ko tōna whakaaro matua ko te ki te whakaturia whakaritenga whakaae te ao mo te mātau o ngaio PM. I te kau ki reira he tuatoru te putanga i roto i nei 46 ngā huānga huihui i roto i ngā rōpū e toru: hangarau, te mātau whanonga, me te consensual. Ua faaite te whakamutunga i roto i te kaha ki te upoko ki te hanga rautaki whai hua e pā ana ngä katoa.

He i whakawhanakehia hoki te tohu schematic kanohi āhua. ngā te reira i katoa o te rōpū. Ko te aratohu, ko te kore whakamārama motuhake o te tikanga, ngā tukanga ranei nga taputapu o te whakahaere. Ko tenei tikanga, te huarahi tika ki te matauranga, ngā pūkenga me te kōrero. Otiia ka taea e tauturu i te reira ki te whakatau mehemea he rite ki te tango i mahi, me te i roto i te mea wāhi reira Me tonu ki te whakawhanake i te kaitono mo te tūranga o te matenga o te Republic o Moldova.

Mai i tenei puta reira e ko te reira paerewa taa rerekē, i roto i te hononga ki ai rerekē huarahi ki te tohu. PMI tohu taea ki a koe te tiki i te taitara o PMP, a ko te taua i roto i tenei take paerewa whakahaere kaupapa ao. Tīkina whaimana i roto i to tatou whenua e taea e i roto i te pane, me te St Petersburg. Me koe ki te haere i roto i toru ngā wāhanga, ara: he uiuiraa, haere he whakamātautau, me te haere i te tohu mātauranga-mua.

Ki te tangohia e tatou rite te pūtake te mahi tairongo o te pūnaha, i roto i te take o te tikanga o te takotoranga American he ki te huinga kotahi o te matauranga me ngā ariā. Ko aro mātai IPMA pakihi me huru maitatai whaiaro o te kaitono.

PRINCE 2 paerewa

I whakawhanakehia tētahi atu motu whakahaere kaupapa PRINCE 2 paerewa i roto i te UK, a kei te whakamahia i tēnei wā huri noa i te ao. Otiia ki te whakataetae ki te kaiārahi American, e kore e taea ki ia, no te mea te mea he tikanga tūmataiti mo etahi momo o kaupapa. I tona turanga takoto iho tohutohu mārama e whakarite te tika o te whakatinanatanga whai hua o te kaupapa. Ahakoa te iti whānuitanga o paerewa, whakawhanakehia i roto i Ingarangi, kei te tonu reira whakamahia whānuitia nui. Ko tōna whakamahi i roto i te IT-hoahoa, te whanaketanga me te whakarewatanga mākete o ngā hua hou, i roto i te rängai whare, i roto i te engineering me i te rängai tümatanui.

Ko te tikanga ngā te turanga rāngai, mahere, whakahaere, te kounga me te tūponotanga he, i roto i te tahi atu mea. I roto i te tono o tenei kaupapa paerewa kounga whakahaere mo etahi huinga Me ki tonu āta aroturuki me te whai i te hangarau, i te mea rawa kiko, me te hohonu whakaahuatia i roto i te tikanga. He he he whakatikatika tonu ki te taiao kaupapa, te whakatupuranga o ngā hua whakahaere, me te tautoko ia ratou ki te tuhinga. E mea pinepine whakamahia i runga i whitu parau tumu, kaupapa me ngā tukanga. taea tēnei ki a koe te whakatutuki i etahi paerewa mahi o ngā kaupapa kounga. Ko reira te mea he drawback - kahore ako mo te whakahaere o te supply o whakapā, rōpū hiahia me i reira ko te maha o te tahi atu tukanga, e kua whakaahuatia i roto i te American paerewa whakahaere kaupapa ao.

kōwhiringa Practice me te whakamahi ngā o paerewa

He hoki paerewa motu Russian e pā whakahaere kaupapa. Ko te take i maha kamupene hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā paerewa ke mō te tohu me te whakahaere o ratou kaupapa. Otiia i te taua wa ngā paerewa kāwanatanga whakawhanakehia mō kamupene takitahi paerewa ao me te.

Ki te whakaaro ki te tīaroaro o paerewa, e kahore ia i roto i te maha ngā take noa e kore e taea te mahi i waho. Hei tauira, kamupene whakamahi paerewa Ingarangi, e rapu tikanga atu rite ki te PMBOK. I roto i tahuri, i te whakamahi o te paerewa American anake arata'i ki te kaimahi o tikanga paetata. Ko ISO ōrite ranei - kaupapa paerewa whakahaere GOST R ISO 21500-2014 - taea ki te whakatū i ngā whakaritenga poto, kahore he ki te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga rangatōpū motuhake. I roto i te whānui, me urutau te whakamahi o tetahi tikanga ki te ahurea whakahaere o te whakahaere, te wahi e whakamahia ai.

mutunga

Ka te korenga i tata katoa te paerewa whakahaere kaupapa ao matua, e taea humarie tatou te mea e kore paerewa kāinga e tono i roto i te mahi, kahore tāpiritanga ke. I roto i te tahuri, rapu utu paerewa o te ao te arotautanga me whakatikatika ki te mentality me te pūnaha whakahaere i roto i to tatou whenua. Ko te kupu, anake te mea i mahue ki te tatau, te reira te meka e hohoro ka whai tatou te paerewa kāinga whakarerekētia ki makona nga hiahia o te pakihi me te whakahaere kaupapa poi. Otiia tae noa e tupu, he mea e tika ana ki te whakakotahi i ngā paerewa rerekē i roto i te mara o te whakahaere kaupapa mō te hua whai hua o te mahi o ngaio i roto i te PM.