Mira awhiowhio: hītori me te whakarōpū hou

He mira okeoke rite te pūrere mō te tukanga konganuku me ētahi atu rauemi e rave rahi tītaka pēhanga pukapuka te tuatahi whakahuatia i roto i te mahi o Leonardo da Vinci. Ko te tikanga matamua whakaahuatia e te ariki nui i roto i 1495, te tikanga mo te maimoatanga o te tine. pūrere awhiowhio e kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te rau tau 17, i reira mahi ratou i runga i te pūtake o actuators ā-, i muri mai whakakapi nei i te wai (wira wai), me ka ki mamaoa. I teie mahana, taputapu rīhi ki te puku ā-Kei te maha whakamahia mō te mahi handicraft.

He mira okeoke hei wāhanga o te taputapu he tino matua (mahi tu, e taea ngā i rua ki te maha rārangi, hiko me ngā pūrere, te tuku te mana ki te rango o te pūkaha) me mau pŭpŭ (Taputapu mō te neke workpieces, ratou whakairo, te faaafaro i, tilting, me ētahi atu ) .. Ko te hoahoa o te taputapu motuhake piri ki te momo hua, e tukua ana e ia.

hua hurihia, i runga i te momo o ripeka-wāhanga rānei kua wehea ki te maha ngā rōpū, tae atu ki:

- he putorino (kuratini whakamana e fehokotaki'anga ranei);

- whārangi hurihia (whārangi angiangi pereti hurihia (4 mm) ranei);

- hurihia (mania ahuahu ranei);

- awhiowhio motuhake (t C-āhua, ki te kōtaha tāupe, me ētahi atu).

Te mira awhiowhio rite ki te momo o te hua e taea te whakaritea ki tetahi o nga rōpū e whai ake nei: pipelines, lento-, zhesteprokatnye, motuhake, pepa, waea, shtripsovye, aunui,-kounga tiketike, crimping (te nuinga korōria), Billet, okeoke mira. He mōmona taputapu o tenei momo. Hei tauira, ki te kahore hoki he mira iti taea whai i te rima mita te roa, me te nui rawa ki te rā tārua o te roa noho 5,500 mita (puritia e "Anshen Andes Iron Group Steel").

Whakarōpū o mira i runga i ngā āhuatanga hoahoa e whai ake:

- te tahi, (to ratou hanganga he crate, whakanuia, hei tauira, e ono motors hiko, nga ringa e rima, e wha gearboxes turanga e toru taputapu rahi me te auri e piti);

- Linear mira awhiowhio (e whakaritea e tu tetahi i muri i tetahi, i ētahi wā i roto i ngā rārangi maha, tukatuka hua i roto i te kotahi aronga);

- rangatū (whakaritea e rave rahi mira kotahi-tu raupapa ranei i roto i te raupapa rerekē);

- tonu (Billet tukatuka te wā kotahi i roto i te maha o taki);

- āhua-tonu (i reira he wāhanga tonu me wāhanga pūmārō rārangi).

Nahea te mira? Tuatahi, kua oti te tahu ki te Ingot whakarewa i roto i puna motuhake (te pāmahana e pā ana ki 1800 C), taunga nei te homai e te reira i te motokā hiko ki te tukatuka tuatahi (i roto i te korōria slabbing ranei) whiwhi ai te te Ingot i te tutaki. tetahi i muri i runga i te tahi atu taputapu o te momo awhiowhio he pepa whakarewa hua oti ranei te hanga tomu'a, pērā i tereina me etahi atu. taputapu Modern, rite ki te tikanga, ko te mira faaiopoiporaa-okeoke e taea tukatuka te workpiece i roto i te turanga i te tere o e pā ana ki 300 km ia haora.

Production o okeoke mira ko te tukanga matatini, me te utu, ano tenei ra i reira he kamupene i roto i Russia e hua taua hua. I tua atu ki te matua, me te taputapu pŭpŭ tauturu mo te mahi angitu o te matatini titau taputapu nui-pū, taputapu whakahinuhinu, me te whakarato hiko ki mira ki te katoa te kaha o 200-300 MW.