Momo o rationality pūtaiao: whakamārama. revolution pūtaiao

Tetahi momo o te rationality pūtaiao presupposes te oraraa o te pūnaha o ngā ture, paerewa, motuhake ki te hapori ngā me e whakaaro rawaka. e hiahiatia ana ēnei ture e ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga e te hunga whai pānga i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te hapori. utua te aro rahi, kei ki rapunga whakaaro ratou, i roto i nei korero e pā ana ki puāwaitanga, nonclassical me pou-nonclassical momo, ia o nei āhuatanga e ona ake tirohanga ahurei o te ao.

Ko te ariā i roto i te whānui

Ko te ariā e he taua rationality pūtaiao puāwaitanga, nonclassical, pou-nonclassical, taea ki te matau i roto i te taipitopito aha ko te ao pūtaiao i teie mahana te mea ko reira. I roto i te meka, he mea he whakaata. tātari tupato whakarato nui mōhiohio mō te whanaketanga o to tatou māramatanga o te ao.

kua hanga hifo ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni taumauri e ko te pūtake mo te ariā, pūtaiao he turanga huarahi, me te taumauri arorau, mahara, ki. Reflection i roto i te hakari tikanga o te whanaketanga pāpori ra mawehe hoki te whakauru o ngā uara e he āhuatanga o te ngā whanaketanga i roto i te tekau tau o mua, ka riro te ahurea tino kua Aohou.

mōhiotanga kouma

Ko reira tino āhuatanga o te wā o 17-19 tenetere ka rapunga whakaaro, tikanga tuku ki te momo puāwaitanga o rationality pūtaiao. I roto i tenei wā, ko te whakaaro taketake te ariā e taea ki te tūhura i te ao te hinengaro ko, whakaaro ana te rohe e karapoti ana me he reira i roto i te mātakitaki e tango te mōhiohio mō te tātari. hiahiatia hapori Knowledge ki te hanga i te whakaaro whāinga e pā ana ki te ao i roto i ta tatou e ora. I tua atu, kua whakaahuatia kaipūtaiao te ari kitea e ratou i roto i te puka i roto i nei ratou te tīari. I runga anō i te whakaaro o te matauranga kouma whakawhanakehia e ia tona ariā o Rene Dekart, nei whakaaro ko te kaiwhakarewa o ngā whakaaro hou e pā ana ki te wāhi e karapoti ana.

ka rationality Classical te pūtake mo te whanaketanga o te huarahi rite te pūtaiao. utua ngā aro i ki kōrero wheako me te pūtake ariā. Ko te ariā he he whakatau i takea mai i ngā puna rerekē o te wheako mahi.

Ko te whakaaro me te tikanga

I roto i te momo puāwaitanga o te pūtaiao rationality pūtaiao whakawhanakehia i runga i te pūtake o te axiom: te meka - te pūtake pono anake mo te ariā. Ko te huarahi whakamua te nuinga te tikanga ki te raro i te mātao, ka te korenga i te whanaketanga o nga meka wehe i tetahi ki tetahi.

i puta ke lalahi he pānga nui i runga i mātauranga, whāiti ratou mara o mahi. faaitehia te mana i runga i te whakaaro. e kore te Methods, tikanga, me te rongoā hangarau angamaheni o te kaupapa ngā, i roto i te anga o te huarahi pera tono ki te tahi atu. Ratau, i muri ia atu, me nga momo o te rationality pūtaiao me te revolution pūtaiao. I roto i to tatou wa, i whakapataritari te wehenga pūtaiao te hanganga o te ake kotahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga rerekē.

rationality Classical: te tohu tino nui

Ka rite ki te pūtake mō tenei huarahi he kvantitatizm taratahi e te tūhura o tetahi tītohunga me ngā ine tona faaiteraa tau. ka mea a Rene Dekart: "Ko nui ki te waihanga i tētahi ao katoa te Movement me te roa ara."

huarahi rerekētanga Tino kitea ki te pūtaiao, kitea i roto i te Middle ka whai ia ia era. Ko te pūtaiao o nga wa hou te kore tautokona view organisticheskoe o te ao, ka whakaaro te iwi, ki te te ao, - ko reira te tinana. Ki te mua au ra i te reira e mea katoa te vai i tahaki, nga tautooraa o kairangahau ko te huringa o ngā momo hou o rationality pūtaiao, me te māramatanga o te ao i mechanistic. Te mana kaha ki runga reira i (motu i Descartes), Spinoza ko Leibniz.

I taua wa te titiro te ao ki te iwi rite ki te tikanga, e ko, te ao katoa ko te ahua o te mataaratanga rawa uaua. aru te reira e te hapori, ka taea e te āhua whakaatu ano ki te whakarite i te whakamātautau. Te tangata, i roto i te tahuri, me ite i te natura, ki te hanga ture whakahaere wāhi. Na i roto i te wahi tuatahi i roto i te pūtaiao ka haere te pānga tutuki e whakamātau i tukua ki te ingoa i te mahi pūtaiao-hāngai. Tenei momo o te rationality pūtaiao me te revolution pūtaiao e pā ana ki tona whakatū, te nuinga lelei kitea i roto i te postulate o Bacon: "Knowledge he mana."

Pūtaiao: e kore matou e tu tonu

Momo o rationality pūtaiao, whakakapi i te puāwaitanga, nuitia i huaina nonclassical. Te whakawhiti pōreareatanga e āhuatanga maha. Ka huri i te perception o te wairua, te ahurea Pākehā hurihuri, māramatanga o te ao huri noa te raruraru. Ko angamaheni o te wā i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 19 ki te timatanga o te rau tau i muri mai tenei. kihai i ranea ki makona te hiahia te tangata mō te matauranga rationalism Classical.

E kore te māramatanga hou i haere mai tonu, engari āta ô i reira ki ao katoa. Ka rite ki te tahi atu momo hītori o rationality pūtaiao, ko nonclassical he hua o tona wa. mahara tangata, e whai ana ki te tiki i te kōrero te nuinga e pā ana ki te ao, ka tahuri atu ki te waiho i te mutunga mate: ko reira mārama e te mau huru pāpori i te mana rawa kaha i runga i te mana, me te taea o tona hinengaro. ka te reira i te pūtake mo te whanaketanga o te revolution aronui-relativistic. Ko te ingoa tino nui mō te momo nonclassical o rationality pūtaiao: Heisenberg, Bohr, Einstein.

whai wāhi te rua tuatahi i roto i rehe aronui, a ko te kaituhi o te ariā o ngä te tuatoru. A, no te mea kua oho pūtaiao ki te aronui, ariā relativistic, te tere e wātea ana mo te ako, nui haere. Kua riro Scientists wātea matūriki timatanga. Na ka anga matou ki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whakaaro.

Āhuatanga ariā

momo Nonclassical o rationality pūtaiao rerekē i te whakaahuatanga puāwaitanga o te ahanoa. Ki te aroaro o te katoa whakaaro i roto ano, takoto te huarahi hou kei te ki te whakatika i te tikanga i roto i i kitea te tītohunga te me ki te whakatau i to ratou taumata o te taunekeneke ki whakahe kaipūtaiao hiahia.

Ko te take tenei huarahi i nga āhuatanga motuhake o matūriki pūmotu. tahuri te reira i roto i e taea te ahanoa tikanga rerekē, ka kite kōrero i ki te kōwhiringa o ngā taputapu mō te mātakitaki. He tauira angamaheni - ko te irahiko, e taea e whakaatu iho rite te poipoi rite te korakora ranei. Ko taea e ki te tāutu i e kua te āhuatanga e kore anake moku, ki a ia te ahanoa, engari ano putanga anake ka ngā ki etahi kaupapa.

Neke atu i te wa, ke hoki te mohio o te tumu parau mo te pūtaiao. Ki te mua i whakapono ai i te whakaaro o ia ki kia iti i te ao i waho, me te te kei i te tawhiti i reira, kua whakaaetia te huarahi hou ki te tāutu i te kaupapa hei wāhanga o te ao, kei roto i tona hanganga. Nō reira, e kore e te āhua whakautu tika ki te pātai whakatakoto e te tangata tō pūrere, nui tei runga i te aha kupu koronga i te pātai kei te. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, te mea i whakaritea e te matauranga. Ko te kupu, kua whakaaetia tikanga kore-puāwaitanga o te matauranga ki te whakatakoto ngā ariā hou o te ariā, meka, te pono. Kua mutu te reira ki te kia hāngai ki te whānuitanga o te ontologism tika ina whai matauranga, me te mooni he mārama, kōrero tika.

tonu te whanaketanga

Kei te neke teie mahana pūtaiao mua e amuamu rohe. revolution Pūtaiao, te whanaketanga o te kaupapa, whakapai hangarau, me te pūtaiao, kua whakapataritari philosophia hou te whakawhitinga ki te hou. Na kua riro te reira kōhukihuki momo pou-nonclassical o rationality pūtaiao. mea Scientists e tenei - wha te revolution ao i roto i te pūtaiao. Heoi, tautohe etahi e te tonu tika whanau te momo hou o rationality, me te tihi o tona te pai i mua.

mōhiotanga Scientific ke i roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te tino kaha, whakapataritari ai, tae atu me ngā āhuatanga pāpori o te whanaketanga. Tikanga ki te riro, toa mohio, mātātoa whakawhanakehia, ai te mahi pūtaiao e ke rawa. ngā te aro nui o pūtaiao i roto i to tatou ra ki te ako, e whai wāhi mai pekanga maha, me te whakatutuki i ngā take wā motuhake. I pūtaiao puāwaitanga i te pokapū o te aro te kongakonga, kitea i roto i te wehe i te pūtaiao. Ko enei ra nga hōtaka tino kaha whakawhanake e whakaoti rapanga matatini ki mara maha o te matauranga. taruke tenei nga tohunga o ao rerekē o te mahi i roto i te kapa. Tenei huarahi hanga te pikitia o mooni, i hanga e te pūtaiao e pā ana ki ia atu, e tahi homai he pikitia oti ake me tika o te ao. neke Ngaahi Fakakaukau i pūtaiao ki te pūtaiao, e murua te rohe, wehenga mārō hutia i roto i te mua. Tino e tono mana kaha rangahau.

He pēhea te tenei mahi

Mataotao i pekanga rerekē uru atu ope ki te tūhura i te whānuitanga o te ari. Tikanga, Kei te kohia taua tahi-mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te titiro i te kaha ki te whakawhanake takitahi pūnaha tuwhera. Reira na tupu e tipu pūnaha - ko reira rawa uaua mo te ako pūtaiao o te ahanoa. Reira na tupu e tipu pūnaha - ko reira rawa uaua mo te ako pūtaiao o te ahanoa.

Evolution - Ko te whakawhitinga i te pūnaha tetahi ki te tahi atu e fakatonutonu-whaiaro. āhuatanga motuhake - āhuatanga i roto i te ture whakahaere, whaiaro ture-. i hanga te taumata hou e haere i te wāhi bifurcation, e ko, i te wa, ka riro iu te pūnaha. Ahakoa kōpeka pānga whakaoho te hanganga o te hanganga hou. Tenei whanaketanga tīmata te whanaketanga o ngā rautaki, engari ka taea e kaha mahi hoki reira whakahokia ki te āhua turanga. I roto i ētahi wā, e kore e tenei mana tukua ki te hei tetahi hou.

Wāhi: i raro i te mana o te huringa

Hei whakawhanake i tētahi āhuatanga e whakahaeretia, ko reira pānga e tika ana i roto i te wahi o nga ngā bifurcation. Scientists mea i roto i taua wā, i te "werohanga pūngao". Tenei taea ki a koe te tīmata i te hanganga o te pūnaha, reira hanga ake te hanganga o te taumata atu.

Pūnaha e taea te whakawhanake i runga i ona ake, te tikanga whakaatu i te tahitanga mārama. Tupu i roto i a ratou he tukanga tina heke. I roto i tenei take, i te pānga tangata - e kore he mana waho tenei, a ka ko he wāhanga o te pūnaha. Ka taea e te tangata whakaawe reira, te huri tikanga mara. A, no te e ia wahi i roto i te whanaketanga o te pūnaha, ko reira kore tika taunekeneke ki te taonga takitahi, engari pānga te raina o te kukuwhatanga. Kōwhiringa e kore ara hoki. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e kore e taea ki te matapae i nga hopearaa katoa o te whakatau.

Hītori me te Pūtaiao

Me mea e ahau, mo kau mataotao, rawa hoki e pā ana ki te pūtaiao māori, kihai i hononga kitea mua tipu pūnaha. Tuatahi i reira ki te whakaae, ōmataora, arorangi me te hunga e whai wāhi i roto i marau e hāngai ana ki te ao. Reira te konei i te tuatahi i hanga he pikitia o te mooni i i tangohia e te whakaaro pokapū o te tupu te ahanoa. E kore e pera i mua piri enei pūtaiao ahupūngao.

ka Historical ahanoa ahupūngao ako whanaketanga wahi o te kanohi o te mooni roto i te arorangi. takaro e ia te tūranga o te ariā Big Bang, a ētahi atu taonga e pā ana ki te whakaaro o te hanga Metagalaxy. I tua atu, ngā te mana kaha i runga i te ahupūngao hou i tukua putia mahi o Prigogine tukanga thermodynamic nonequilibrium, me te te ariā tahitanga. whakaaetia taua whakaaro e ki te waihanga i tētahi tirohanga katoa o te ao, tango ki pūkete te hītori o tona whanaketanga. I roto i te pokapū o te whakaaturanga pūtaiao i tenei ra i runga i ngā whakaaro o te evolutionism ao. Ko ratou te kī ki te momo pou-nonclassical o rationality pūtaiao.

take motuhake

Hiahia maimoatanga taua pūnaha mua whakawhanake motuhake e e tata hono ki te āhua o te ao. O ratou i roto i te wahi tuatahi - complexes, e ngā iwi. karanga Scientists ratou "tangata-ahu". tauira Angamaheni - kaiao, hauora, ngā koiora, tae atu ki te ao koiora, ki ako i te taiao ao. Ratou ngā ano koiora, engineering ira, me ngā pūnaha e fakataha mihini me te iwi, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha AI (mātauranga horihori) me IT.

Ko te ako o enei pūnaha hanga reira taea ki te whakawhanake i ngā uara humanistic, no te mea tetahi ara ranei tetahi reira ko te taunekeneke o pūtaiao parakore me whakaaro o humanism. Whāititanga meinga e ngā āhuatanga o te ao, te whakakore ngā free. He maha o taunekeneke - rāhuitia, me tenei hiahia ki te mohio i nga pūtaiao katoa e kua whiriwhiria he aronga mō te mahi. Ko te take, ko te e taea te tahi mau mahi e ohorere i roto i ona nunu'a catastrophic.

Korero o ngā tangata-taha, pūtaiao i ki te tango ki roto ki pūkete nga uara ao me ngā āhuatanga, me mai te hanga i enei preconditions whakamārama i te ari kitea. Kei te wā fehangahangai kairangahau ki ngā raruraru matatika. Ehara i te mea tonu rohe kitea pokanoa whakaaetia. I te wa ano, kua he morare ā e whakaihiihi ana titiro hoki ki workarounds whakatutuki i te whāinga e hiahiatia ana nga pūtaiao. Ko te rapu mō ngā mōhiohio hou e hiahia ana koe whakapaipai ngā ki te mau parau tumu o te humanism me ngā uara ao. riro matauranga he huānga i roto i te ora pāpori me te hangaia ki te āwhina i matau i te ture, mana'o, āhuatanga o te hapori i te wā o te whanaketanga o nāianei.

Komititanga ake

Te kōrero e pā ana ki te momo o te rationality pūtaiao, wehea ki ngā rōpū e toru: puāwaitanga, nonclassical me pou-nonclassical. I tēnei wā, e ora tatou i roto i te momo toru, i te mea he āhuatanga motuhake - te ako o te ao i roto i te whānui, tango ki pūkete te hononga. Otiia i te wa, i te pumau pūtaiao, me tae noa ki te rau tau 19, te nuinga i te aronui. I whakakapi ia e kore-puāwaitanga, whakatakoto i runga i te pūtake o te whakaaro o Einstein, Bohr ko Heisenberg.