Polymerization o propylene: hoahoa tātai whārite

He aha te mea propylene polymerization? He aha e nga āhuatanga o te akoranga o tenei tauhohenga matū? Kia tamata o ki te kitea whakautu taipitopito ki enei pātai.

Kiripuaki o pūhui

Scheme tauhohe polymerization o ethylene me propylene whakaatu āhuatanga matū angamaheni nohoia e te mau melo katoa o te piha haapiiraa o olefins. Tenei ingoa rerekē o tenei piha ko te ingoa tawhito whakamahia i roto i te hinu ahumahi matū. I roto i te pūhaumāota rau ethylene 18 i whiwhi ai, i ko te taonga wai hinuhinu.

I roto i te āhuatanga o te mau melo katoa o te piha haapiiraa o waiwaro tīmeka hamanga mōhio te aroaro i roto i a ratou o te here rua.

faataa polymerization tuwhena o te propylene e te aroaro i roto i te hanganga o te taonga te here rua.

Ko te tātai whānui

māngai katoa o te raupapa huirua o te tātai whānui waiwaro rua e te puka C _n H _2n. whakamārama nui iti o hauwai i roto i te āhuatanga hanganga ngā āhuatanga matū o enei waiwaro.

Ko te whārite o te tauhohe o te polymerization o propylene ko te haamauraa tika o te pea taua o kōrero te whakamutu te whakamahi i tiketike pāmahana me te whakakōkī.

Hamanga tuwhena i huaina allyl 2-propenyl ranei. Aha kawea polymerization o propylene i roto? he hāngai hoki ariā o te hua o tenei pāhekoheko rapa waihanga, i, i roto i te tahuri, kei roto i te tono i roto i te ahumahi matū hou.

ngā āhuatanga ōkiko

Propylene polymerization fakapapau'i te whārite te matū kore anake, engari ano hoki nga āhuatanga ōkiko o te taonga. Propylene Ko te taonga haurehu waihā ki ngā koropupu iti me te rewa. Ko te māngai o te piha haapiiraa o ngā waiwaro rua he memehatanga hokiate o te wai.

āhuatanga matū

Whārite propylene polymerization tauhohe o isobutylene me whakaatu e te tukanga o te here rua. waetahi e tika ana ko nga waiwaro rua, a ka he hua mutunga o tenei pāhekoheko polypropylene me polyisobutylene. Ko te here waro-waro ki taua pāhekoheko ka hinga, a te mutunga ka hanga i nga hanganga e tika ana.

Ko te here rua o te hanganga o here kotahi hou. Ka rite ki propylene polymerization e wahi? Ko te tikanga o tenei tukanga ko rite ki te tukanga e puta ana i roto i te tahi atu mau melo o te katoa o tenei piha o waiwaro hamanga.

Ko te tauhohenga polymerization o propylene tā maha ngā taatou leakage. I roto i te take tuatahi kawea te tukanga i roto i roto i te wāhanga hau. E ai ki te rua te whakatinanatanga, puta te tauhohenga i roto i te wāhanga wai.

I tua atu, propylene me nga puta polymerization ki etahi tukanga tawhitotia e pā ana i te whakamahi rite te reo tauhohenga o te waiwaro wai kukū.

hangarau hou

Propylene polymerization i roto i te nuinga i runga i te hangarau Spheripol ko te huinga o te piere slurry mo te hanga o homopolymers. Ko tā te tukanga i te whakamahi o te apa piere psevdozhidkostnym hau-wāhanga ki te waihanga copolymers poraka. I roto i tenei take, i te tauhohenga propylene polymerization tā te tua o te taputapu kaiwhakakökï hototahi anō, me te whakahaere prepolymerization.

tukanga Āhuatanga

Ko te tikanga tā te ranu i te wāhanga i roto i te pūrere motuhake hangaia mō mua huringa-. Next, Kei te tenei ranunga tapiritia he piere polymerization koropiko, i reira te tukua, me te hauwai, me te propylene whakapau.

kawea reactors Work i roto i pāmahana mai i 65 ki te 80 degrees. E kore e te pēhanga i roto i te pūnaha nui 40 pae. Reactors e kua whakaritea i roto i te raupapa, e whakamahia i roto i te wheketere hangaia ki te hanga pukapuka nui o ngā hua polymer.

Mai i te rua o nga piere, i nekehia atu te otinga polymer. Polymerization o propylene i otinga tā te whakawhitinga o te degasser pressurized. He kawea te tango i korakora homopolymer o te waetahi wai.

hanga o copolymers poraka

Propylene polymerization Whārite CH2 = CH - CH3 i roto i tenei āhuatanga kua te huarahi percolation paerewa, i reira he rerekētanga anake i roto i te tikanga o te tukanga. Fakataha ki propylene me ewaro paura i te degasser kei roto i te piere hau wāhanga whakahaere i te pāmahana o e pā ana ki 70 degrees, me te pēhanga o kore neke atu i te 15 pae.

copolymers Poraka i muri i tango i te piere e whangai ki te waerau whakapau korakora motuhake i te pūnaha waetahi.

Polymerization o propylene me pānga butadiene momo ātete taea te whakamahi o te pūrere hau wāhanga tuarua. āhei te reira ki te whakapiki ake i te taumata o te propylene i te waerau. I tua atu, ka taea ki te tāpiri i ngā tāpiritanga ki te hua oti, te whakamahi o te granulation whai wāhi ki te kounga o te hua hua.

Pū o te polymerization o ngā waiwaro rua

He etahi rerekētanga i waenganui i te polyethylene me te polypropylene. Propylene polymerization taea te whārite ki te matau e te tono e tūmanakohia o te pāmahana. I tua atu, i te tīariari te tahi mau rerekētanga i roto i te wā whakamutunga o te mekameka tukanga, me te i roto i te wāhi o te whakamahi o te hua whakamutunga.

Ko te waikuratei whakamahia mō resins, e whai āhuatanga rheological pai. Kua faateiteihia ratou taumata o te rere rewanga, āhuatanga ōkiko rite ki te hunga rauemi e whai he taupū rere rewanga iti.

Resins he āhuatanga rheological pai, whakamahia te i roto i te tukanga niao i werohia, a i roto i te take o muka ahumahi.

Ki te whakapai ake i te mārama, me te kaha o nga rauemi polymeric tamata kaiwhakanao ki te tāpiri ki te ranunga tauhohe crystallizes tāpiritanga motuhake. Wāhanga o te polypropylene rauemi mārama āta whakakapi ētahi atu rawa i roto i te mara o te patu niao, me te hanga makanga.

Āhuatanga polymerization

hohoro Polymerization o propylene i te aroaro o te waro whakahohe puta. I roto i te matatini waro whakakōkī tono tēnei wā ki te whakarewa whakawhiti, e hāngai ana i runga i te kaha adsorptive o waro. whiwhi te hua polymerization te he āhuatanga whakahaere pai.

Ko te tawhā matua o te tukanga polymerization mahi tere o te tauhohenga me te taimaha rāpoi, me te hanganga stereoisomeric o te waerau. Uara me kua te natura tino, me te matū o te whakakōkī, polymerization reo, te tohu o te viivii o te wae pūnaha tauhohenga.

whiwhi waerau rārangi i roto i wāhanga ōrite, me te heterogeneous, ki te te pātai o te ethylene. Ko te take te ngaro o nga regioisomers taonga. Ki te whiwhi polypropylene isotactic, ngana ki te whakamahi i te Titanium pūhaumāota me te konumohe pūhui mārō.

I roto i te tono i te adsorbed matatini i runga i te pūhaumāota tioata Titanium (3), ko e taea ki te whiwhi i te hua ki te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana. e kore he kawe ripekapeka auautanga he take rawaka mō te whiwhi i te stereospecificity tiketike o te whakakōkī. Hei tauira, i roto i te take o te tīpako konutawa Titanium (3) i reira te whiwhi polymer atu atactic.

Ko te wāhanga whakakōkī runga ake ko te pūāhua Lewis, na e pā ana ki te kōwhiringa o te reo. Ko te taiao tino pai te whakamahi o waiwaro e mangere. Mai Titanium pūhaumāota (5) ko te adsorbent hohe, tīpakohia waiwaro te nuinga tīmeka. Ka rite ki propylene polymerization e wahi? tātai Hua ko (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) n. rite ki te tauhohenga ki te puta i roto i te tahi atu mau melo o tenei raupapa iho tauhohenga hātepe huirua.

taunekeneke matū

Te tātari kōwhiringa taketake mō te ngā propylene. Whakaaro e i roto i tona hanganga he here rua, nga tauhohe matua puta ïa me tona whakangaromanga.

kawea te kōnakonakotanga i roto i ambient pāmahana. I te wahi o te āputa kōrero matatini puta kōnakonako rironga faahapahia. hanga e te reira i digalogenproizvodnoe pūhui Ka rite ki te hua o tenei pāhekoheko. kei te tupu iodization te mea faingataa. Bromination me chlorination puta, kahore tetahi atu tikanga me ngā utu pūngao. Fluorination o propylene puta explosively.

Ko te tauhohenga hydrogenation tā te whakamahi o te whakatere atu. mahi te whakakōkī rite konukawata, sēniti. Ka rite ki te hua o te ngā matū o propylene ki hauwai, i hangaia pōwaro - he māngai o te piha haapiiraa o waiwaro kukū.

kawea Hydration (hononga wai) te roto e mau irava Markovnikov tikanga. Ngā Ko tōna ngako i roto i hono i te here rua ki te ngota hauwai o te waro o propylene e he tona nui mōrahi. Ai te piri kōnakonako ki C, e kua he maha itinga o te hauwai.

Hoki propylene ngingiha angamaheni rangi hāora. Ka rite ki te hua o tenei pāhekoheko ka kia whiwhi e rua hua matua: hauhā, kohu wai.

A, no te te mahi o te matū hāora kaha pērā i te pāhare, he reira discoloration i kitea ai. I roto i te hua tauhohe ko te waipiro dihydric (glycol).

Takanga o te propylene

Ka taea te wehea tikanga katoa ki e rua ngā rōpū matua: taiwhanga, ahumahi. I roto i te taiwhanga e taea whiwhi propylene ki whakakorenga o hauwai kōnakonako i te haloalkyl tīmatanga, ka whai wāhi ki te otinga waipiro o konutai waihā.

whakaputaina Propylene e hydrogenation catalytic o pōwaro. Ka taea te whiwhi te taonga i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga i te maroketanga o te waihā pōwaro-1. whakamahia tēnei tauhohenga matū e rite te whakakōkī o phosphoric ranei waikawa pungatara, te konumohe ōkai.

Me pēhea te ki te tiki i propylene i roto i ngā rahinga nui? Nā ki te meka e te āhua o te matū he onge, kua reira kua whakawhanakehia taatou ahumahi ona tango. Ko te tino noa ko te kōwhiringa o te waiwaro rua i ngā hua hinu.

Hei tauira, i roto i te hinu masivesivá hangai i roto i te moenga motuhake fluidized. whiwhi Propylene e te hautanga pyrolysis penehīni. Tēnei wā waiwaro rua, me te taratahi i hau e pā ana, hua haurehu waihā o te coking waro.

He he momo o kōwhiringa o propylene pyrolysis:

• i roto i te oumu ngongo;
• i roto i te piere te whakamahi i kiripaka coolant;
• tukanga Yakobson;
• pyrolysis autothermal o tikanga Bartlomiej.

I roto i te ururua ahumahi kia tuhia hangarau me dehydrogenation catalytic o waiwaro kukū.

tono

Propylene he whānuitanga o ngā tono, a reira whakaputaina i runga i te tauine nui i roto i te ahumahi. Tona ahua herea te pūwaro hamanga te mahi Natta. I roto i te rau tau waenganui-rua tekau mā te whakamahi i te reira Ziegler, whakawhanakehia hangarau polymerization.

te whakahaere Natta isotactic ki te whiwhi i te hua, e huaina ana ratou isotactic, mai e whakaritea te hanganga o nga rōpū mewaro i tetahi taha o te mekameka. Ki tenei whakatinanatanga, "tākai" o te rāpoi ngota polymer, He pai ngā āhuatanga aunoa te rauemi polymeric hua. Kei te whakamahia polypropylene mo te hanga o muka waihanga, rite kī i roto i te puranga kirihou.

Tata ōrau tekau o te hinu pau mo te hanga o te propylene waikura reira. Tae noa te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga, i whiwhi tenei rauemi organic i te tikanga chlorohydrin. Ko te tauhohenga puta i roto i te hanganga o te propilenhlorgidrina takawaenga. I roto i tenei hangarau he etahi drawbacks e e pā ana ki te whakamahi o te māota utu, me te kotakota hydrated.

I tčnei wā, kua whakakapia tukanga chalcone te hangarau. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te pāhekoheko matū o te pōwaro me te hydroperoxides. whakamahia Propylene waikura e i roto i te kōtuitui propilengligolya haere ki te hanga pahuka polyurethane. E whakaaro ana ratou ru pai ngongo rauemi, kia haere ki te hanga o te tākainga, kaitutei, taonga, rauemi wera te tuuraa i, wai, me te pāpāho tātari sorbent.

I tua atu, i roto i nga tono matua o propylene tika ki te whakahua i te ariā o te hauwaiwaro me isopropyl waipiro. Isopropyl waipiro, he he whakarewa pai, whakaaro te he hua matū tino. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau, whiwhi i te hua waro e tikanga te waikawa pungatara.

I tua atu, ko te hangarau o te hydration tika o te pōwaro ki whakataki ki te ranunga tauhohe kaiwhakakökï waikawa. Mō te hawhe o te waihā pōwaro hua katoa haere ki hauwaiwaro kōtuitanga. Tenei tauhohenga tā kawea whakakorenga o hauwai i roto i 380 degrees. Kaiwhakakökï i roto i tenei tukanga ko te konutea me te parahi.

I roto i te rāngai nui o te whakamahi o te propylene hydroformylation noho te wahi motuhake. haere poumua ki te hanga o aldehydes. Oksisintez i roto i to tatou whenua timata ki te whakamahi i te waenganui o te rau tau whakamutunga. I reira, tenei tauhohenga e whai wāhi nui i roto i te ahumahi matūngahinu. Ko te tauhohenga matū o te propylene ki hau kōtuitanga (he ranunga o te haukino me te hauwai) i te pāmahana o te 180 nga nekehanga, kitea te hinu waikura whakakōkī me te pēhanga o 250 atmospheres ko te hanganga o rua aldehydes. He Kotahi te hanganga noa, te rua o nga - kōpiko mekameka waro.

i muri tonu i te kitea o tenei tukanga, ko reira kua meinga tenei tauhohenga te arotahi o te rangahau mō ngā pūtaiao maha. titiro ratou hoki huarahi ki faaiti i te tikanga o tona tupu, tamata ki te whakaiti i te ōrau o te ranunga hua o te hanganga hāparo-tahi branched.

Hoki tenei whakaaro i whakaaro ai tukanga economical e whai wāhi te whakamahi o ētahi atu kaiwhakakökï. Ko reira taea ki te whakaiti i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, ake i te tukua o te hanganga hāparo-tahi rārangi.

Hākawa o te waikawa kiriaku e e pā ana hoki ki te polymerization o propylene whakamahia te rite te copolymers. whakamahia Mō 15 ōrau o te pōwaro matūngahinu te rite te rauemi tīmata ki te waihanga akrionitrila. Ko te wāhanga organic hiahiatia mō te hanga o te muka matū nui - nitrone, hanganga o kirihou, rapa production.

mutunga

Kei te whakaaro polypropylene inaianei te hanga matūngahinu nui rawa. Tono mo te-kounga tiketike, me piki polymer iti-utu, na āta te reira whakakapi i te polyethylene. Ko reira mahuinga ki te waihanga tākai mārō, papa paraharaha, kiriata, wahi automotive, pepa waihanga, taura, mongamonga whāriki, me te ki te waihanga i te whānuitanga o ngā taputapu whare. I roto i te tīmatanga o te hanga rau polypropylene rua tekau-tuatahi kī tuarua i roto i te ahumahi waerau. Ka mau ia ki pūkete nga hiahia o ngā ahumahi rerekē, ka taea e tatou e faaoti e i roto i te heke mai tata te hehema o production nui-tauine o propylene me ethylene.